Organic Markers of Tire and Road Wear Particles in Sediments and Soils: Transformation Products of Major Antiozonants as Promising Candidates
Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) are one of the main sources of particulate traffic emissions, but measured data on TRWP contents in the environment are scarce. This study aims at identifying organic compounds suitable as quantitative markers for TRWPs by a tiered multistep selection process inv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2021-09, Vol.55 (17), p.11723-11732 |
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| creator | Klöckner, Philipp Seiwert, Bettina Wagner, Stephan Reemtsma, Thorsten |
| description | Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) are one of the main sources of particulate traffic emissions, but measured data on TRWP contents in the environment are scarce. This study aims at identifying organic compounds suitable as quantitative markers for TRWPs by a tiered multistep selection process involving nontarget screening and subsequent identification by liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Starting from several thousands of signals recorded in the extract of tire particles, the rigorous selection process considered source specificity, tendency of leaching, analytical sensitivity and precision, and stability during aging. It led to three transformation products of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) as the most suitable marker candidates: N-formyl-6-PPD, hydroxylated N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N-phenyl quinone diimine, and 6-PPD-quinone. A linear response in standard addition experiments with tire particles and the correlation with TRWP contents in a diverse set of environmental samples imply that these compounds are promising candidates as markers for the quantification of TRWPs. Organic markers for TRWP contents in the environment would allow TRWP quantification with the traditional tandem MS (LC–MS/MS) equipment of an organic trace analytical laboratory and, thus, allow easy generation of data on TRWP occurrence in sediments and soils and other environmental matrices. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.1c02723 |
| format | Article |
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This study aims at identifying organic compounds suitable as quantitative markers for TRWPs by a tiered multistep selection process involving nontarget screening and subsequent identification by liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Starting from several thousands of signals recorded in the extract of tire particles, the rigorous selection process considered source specificity, tendency of leaching, analytical sensitivity and precision, and stability during aging. It led to three transformation products of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) as the most suitable marker candidates: N-formyl-6-PPD, hydroxylated N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N-phenyl quinone diimine, and 6-PPD-quinone. A linear response in standard addition experiments with tire particles and the correlation with TRWP contents in a diverse set of environmental samples imply that these compounds are promising candidates as markers for the quantification of TRWPs. Organic markers for TRWP contents in the environment would allow TRWP quantification with the traditional tandem MS (LC–MS/MS) equipment of an organic trace analytical laboratory and, thus, allow easy generation of data on TRWP occurrence in sediments and soils and other environmental matrices.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02723</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34488356</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>WASHINGTON: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Aging ; Benzoquinones ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments ; Dust - analysis ; Emission measurements ; Engineering ; Engineering, Environmental ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Leaching ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Markers ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Organic Chemicals ; Organic compounds ; Particulate matter ; Phenylenediamine ; Phenylenediamines ; Quinones ; Science & Technology ; Sediments ; Signal processing ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants ; Soils ; Stability analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Technology ; Vehicle emissions ; Wear particles</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2021-09, Vol.55 (17), p.11723-11732</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors. 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) are one of the main sources of particulate traffic emissions, but measured data on TRWP contents in the environment are scarce. This study aims at identifying organic compounds suitable as quantitative markers for TRWPs by a tiered multistep selection process involving nontarget screening and subsequent identification by liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Starting from several thousands of signals recorded in the extract of tire particles, the rigorous selection process considered source specificity, tendency of leaching, analytical sensitivity and precision, and stability during aging. It led to three transformation products of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) as the most suitable marker candidates: N-formyl-6-PPD, hydroxylated N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N-phenyl quinone diimine, and 6-PPD-quinone. A linear response in standard addition experiments with tire particles and the correlation with TRWP contents in a diverse set of environmental samples imply that these compounds are promising candidates as markers for the quantification of TRWPs. Organic markers for TRWP contents in the environment would allow TRWP quantification with the traditional tandem MS (LC–MS/MS) equipment of an organic trace analytical laboratory and, thus, allow easy generation of data on TRWP occurrence in sediments and soils and other environmental matrices.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Benzoquinones</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments</subject><subject>Dust - analysis</subject><subject>Emission measurements</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering, Environmental</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Phenylenediamine</subject><subject>Phenylenediamines</subject><subject>Quinones</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Signal processing</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Stability analysis</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Vehicle emissions</subject><subject>Wear particles</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9rFDEYh4Modl09e5OAF0Fmmz-TTOKtDFaFlha7orchm3mnZJ1JajKD1O_gdzazu64gCJ5yyPP-3l_yIPSckhUljJ4am1aQxhW1hFWMP0ALKhgphBL0IVoQQnmhufxygp6ktCWEME7UY3TCy1IpLuQC_byKt8Y7iy9N_Aox4dDhtYuAjW_xx2Ba_BlMxNcmjs72kLDz-AZaN4Af0w66Ca5Pb_A6Gp-6EAczuuDxdQztZMdd3qXZhojPfL74EbzZDaaZGFxy_hbXOca1ZoT0FD3qTJ_g2eFcok_nb9f1--Li6t2H-uyiMCWrxoKSDoisYNNWneWMydJoBYKqSoqNoapUknOppNaat5XRUrVMVhlUBkSpgC_Rq33uXQzfpvyBTa5ioe-NhzClhomKUEo0pRl9-Re6DVP0ud1MlaXQOm9botM9ZWNIKULX3EU3mHjfUNLMpppsqpmnD6byxItD7rQZoD3yv9Vk4PUe-A6b0CXrwFs4Ytml1EJwUs1WVabV_9O1G3eW6jD58c-iueLxcf_q_QuMlb8m</recordid><startdate>20210907</startdate><enddate>20210907</enddate><creator>Klöckner, Philipp</creator><creator>Seiwert, Bettina</creator><creator>Wagner, Stephan</creator><creator>Reemtsma, Thorsten</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><general>Amer Chemical Soc</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-0764</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-6528</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210907</creationdate><title>Organic Markers of Tire and Road Wear Particles in Sediments and Soils: Transformation Products of Major Antiozonants as Promising Candidates</title><author>Klöckner, Philipp ; Seiwert, Bettina ; Wagner, Stephan ; Reemtsma, Thorsten</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a427t-10fe067ebd7fc32264a98e518765ba18486336869993d7a968d2673228ae548e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Benzoquinones</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid</topic><topic>Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments</topic><topic>Dust - analysis</topic><topic>Emission measurements</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Engineering, Environmental</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Markers</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Organic Chemicals</topic><topic>Organic compounds</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Phenylenediamine</topic><topic>Phenylenediamines</topic><topic>Quinones</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Signal processing</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Stability analysis</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Vehicle emissions</topic><topic>Wear particles</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Klöckner, Philipp</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seiwert, Bettina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wagner, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reemtsma, Thorsten</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Klöckner, Philipp</au><au>Seiwert, Bettina</au><au>Wagner, Stephan</au><au>Reemtsma, Thorsten</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Organic Markers of Tire and Road Wear Particles in Sediments and Soils: Transformation Products of Major Antiozonants as Promising Candidates</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><stitle>ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL</stitle><addtitle>Environ. 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It led to three transformation products of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) as the most suitable marker candidates: N-formyl-6-PPD, hydroxylated N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N-phenyl quinone diimine, and 6-PPD-quinone. A linear response in standard addition experiments with tire particles and the correlation with TRWP contents in a diverse set of environmental samples imply that these compounds are promising candidates as markers for the quantification of TRWPs. Organic markers for TRWP contents in the environment would allow TRWP quantification with the traditional tandem MS (LC–MS/MS) equipment of an organic trace analytical laboratory and, thus, allow easy generation of data on TRWP occurrence in sediments and soils and other environmental matrices.</abstract><cop>WASHINGTON</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>34488356</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.1c02723</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-0764</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-6528</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 2021-09, Vol.55 (17), p.11723-11732 |
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| subjects | Aging Benzoquinones Chromatography, Liquid Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments Dust - analysis Emission measurements Engineering Engineering, Environmental Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Leaching Life Sciences & Biomedicine Markers Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Organic Chemicals Organic compounds Particulate matter Phenylenediamine Phenylenediamines Quinones Science & Technology Sediments Signal processing Soil Soil Pollutants Soils Stability analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technology Vehicle emissions Wear particles |
| title | Organic Markers of Tire and Road Wear Particles in Sediments and Soils: Transformation Products of Major Antiozonants as Promising Candidates |
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