Detection of Leishmania tarentolae in lizards, sand flies and dogs in southern Italy, where Leishmania infantum is endemic: hindrances and opportunities
Background: Leishmania tarentolae is a protozoan isolated from geckoes (Tarentola annularis, Tarentola mauritanica), which is considered non-pathogenic and is transmitted by herpetophilic Sergentomyia spp. sand flies. This species occurs in sympatry with Leishmania infantum in areas where canine lei...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Parasites & vectors 2021-09, Vol.14 (1), p.461-461, Article 461 |
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| creator | Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso Latrofa, Maria Stefania Iatta, Roberta Manoj, Ranju R. S. Panarese, Rossella Annoscia, Giada Pombi, Marco Zatelli, Andrea Beugnet, Fred Otranto, Domenico |
| description | Background: Leishmania tarentolae is a protozoan isolated from geckoes (Tarentola annularis, Tarentola mauritanica), which is considered non-pathogenic and is transmitted by herpetophilic Sergentomyia spp. sand flies. This species occurs in sympatry with Leishmania infantum in areas where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the present study, we investigated the circulation of L. tarentolae and L. infantum in sand flies, dogs and lizards in a dog shelter in southern Italy, where canine leishmaniasis by L. infantum is endemic.
Methods: Sheltered dogs (n = 100) negative for Leishmania spp. (March 2020) were screened by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using promastigotes of both species at two time points (June 2020 and March 2021). Whole blood from dogs, tissues of Podarcis siculus lizards (n = 28) and sand flies (n = 2306) were also sampled and tested by a duplex real-time PCR (dqPCR). Host blood meal was assessed in sand flies by PCR.
Results: Overall, 16 dogs became positive for L. infantum and/or L. tarentolae by IFAT at one or both sampling periods. One canine blood sample was positive for L. infantum, whilst two for L. tarentolae by dqPCR. At the cytology of lizard blood, Leishmania spp. amastigote-like forms were detected in erythrocytes. Twenty-two tissue samples, mostly lung (21.4%), scored molecularly positive for L. tarentolae, corresponding to 10 lizards (i.e., 35.7%). Of the female Sergentomyia minuta sampled (n = 1252), 158 scored positive for L. tarentolae, four for L. infantum, and one co-infected. Two Phlebotomus perniciosus (out of 29 females) were positive for L. tarentolae. Engorged S. minuta (n = 10) fed on humans, and one P. perniciosus, positive for L. tarentolae, on lagomorphs.
Conclusions: Dogs and lacertid lizards (Podarcis siculus) were herein found for the first time infected by L. tarentolae. The detection of both L. tarentolae and L. infantum in S. minuta and P. perniciosus suggests their sympatric circulation, with a potential overlap in vertebrate hosts. The interactions between L. tarentolae and L. infantum should be further investigated in both vectors and vertebrate hosts to understand the potential implications for the diagnosis and control of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s13071-021-04973-2 |
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Methods: Sheltered dogs (n = 100) negative for Leishmania spp. (March 2020) were screened by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using promastigotes of both species at two time points (June 2020 and March 2021). Whole blood from dogs, tissues of Podarcis siculus lizards (n = 28) and sand flies (n = 2306) were also sampled and tested by a duplex real-time PCR (dqPCR). Host blood meal was assessed in sand flies by PCR.
Results: Overall, 16 dogs became positive for L. infantum and/or L. tarentolae by IFAT at one or both sampling periods. One canine blood sample was positive for L. infantum, whilst two for L. tarentolae by dqPCR. At the cytology of lizard blood, Leishmania spp. amastigote-like forms were detected in erythrocytes. Twenty-two tissue samples, mostly lung (21.4%), scored molecularly positive for L. tarentolae, corresponding to 10 lizards (i.e., 35.7%). Of the female Sergentomyia minuta sampled (n = 1252), 158 scored positive for L. tarentolae, four for L. infantum, and one co-infected. Two Phlebotomus perniciosus (out of 29 females) were positive for L. tarentolae. Engorged S. minuta (n = 10) fed on humans, and one P. perniciosus, positive for L. tarentolae, on lagomorphs.
Conclusions: Dogs and lacertid lizards (Podarcis siculus) were herein found for the first time infected by L. tarentolae. The detection of both L. tarentolae and L. infantum in S. minuta and P. perniciosus suggests their sympatric circulation, with a potential overlap in vertebrate hosts. The interactions between L. tarentolae and L. infantum should be further investigated in both vectors and vertebrate hosts to understand the potential implications for the diagnosis and control of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1756-3305</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-3305</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04973-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34493323</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LONDON: Springer Nature</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibodies ; Blood ; Canine leishmaniasis ; Cytology ; Detection ; Diptera ; Distribution ; DNA ; Dogs ; dqPCR ; Endemic Diseases - veterinary ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Females ; Flies ; Health aspects ; Hosts ; Identification and classification ; IFAT ; Immunofluorescence ; Infections ; Leishmania ; Leishmania - classification ; Leishmania - genetics ; Leishmania - immunology ; Leishmania - isolation & purification ; Leishmania infantum ; Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification ; Leishmania infantum - pathogenicity ; Leishmania tarentolae ; Leishmaniasis ; Leishmaniasis - epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis - veterinary ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Lizards ; Lizards - parasitology ; Male ; Musculoskeletal system ; Nucleotide sequence ; Parasitic diseases ; Parasitology ; Pathogens ; PCR ; Podarcis siculus ; Promastigotes ; Protozoa ; Psychodidae - parasitology ; Reptiles ; Risk factors ; Science & Technology ; Serology ; Sympatric populations ; Sympatry ; Tarentola annularis ; Tarentola mauritanica ; Tissue ; Tropical Medicine ; Vector-borne diseases ; Vectors ; Vertebrates ; Zoonoses - epidemiology ; Zoonoses - parasitology ; Zoonoses - transmission</subject><ispartof>Parasites & vectors, 2021-09, Vol.14 (1), p.461-461, Article 461</ispartof><rights>2021. The Author(s).</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>29</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000693785000001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-6af766f9895a948da5adb9f75c188800f9fa5013795b06ae121d7c1b892c961e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-6af766f9895a948da5adb9f75c188800f9fa5013795b06ae121d7c1b892c961e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4382-9922 ; 0000-0002-7518-476X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8423600/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8423600/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2115,27929,27930,39263,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34493323$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latrofa, Maria Stefania</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iatta, Roberta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manoj, Ranju R. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panarese, Rossella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annoscia, Giada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pombi, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zatelli, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beugnet, Fred</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otranto, Domenico</creatorcontrib><title>Detection of Leishmania tarentolae in lizards, sand flies and dogs in southern Italy, where Leishmania infantum is endemic: hindrances and opportunities</title><title>Parasites & vectors</title><addtitle>PARASITE VECTOR</addtitle><addtitle>Parasit Vectors</addtitle><description>Background: Leishmania tarentolae is a protozoan isolated from geckoes (Tarentola annularis, Tarentola mauritanica), which is considered non-pathogenic and is transmitted by herpetophilic Sergentomyia spp. sand flies. This species occurs in sympatry with Leishmania infantum in areas where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the present study, we investigated the circulation of L. tarentolae and L. infantum in sand flies, dogs and lizards in a dog shelter in southern Italy, where canine leishmaniasis by L. infantum is endemic.
Methods: Sheltered dogs (n = 100) negative for Leishmania spp. (March 2020) were screened by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using promastigotes of both species at two time points (June 2020 and March 2021). Whole blood from dogs, tissues of Podarcis siculus lizards (n = 28) and sand flies (n = 2306) were also sampled and tested by a duplex real-time PCR (dqPCR). Host blood meal was assessed in sand flies by PCR.
Results: Overall, 16 dogs became positive for L. infantum and/or L. tarentolae by IFAT at one or both sampling periods. One canine blood sample was positive for L. infantum, whilst two for L. tarentolae by dqPCR. At the cytology of lizard blood, Leishmania spp. amastigote-like forms were detected in erythrocytes. Twenty-two tissue samples, mostly lung (21.4%), scored molecularly positive for L. tarentolae, corresponding to 10 lizards (i.e., 35.7%). Of the female Sergentomyia minuta sampled (n = 1252), 158 scored positive for L. tarentolae, four for L. infantum, and one co-infected. Two Phlebotomus perniciosus (out of 29 females) were positive for L. tarentolae. Engorged S. minuta (n = 10) fed on humans, and one P. perniciosus, positive for L. tarentolae, on lagomorphs.
Conclusions: Dogs and lacertid lizards (Podarcis siculus) were herein found for the first time infected by L. tarentolae. The detection of both L. tarentolae and L. infantum in S. minuta and P. perniciosus suggests their sympatric circulation, with a potential overlap in vertebrate hosts. The interactions between L. tarentolae and L. infantum should be further investigated in both vectors and vertebrate hosts to understand the potential implications for the diagnosis and control of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Canine leishmaniasis</subject><subject>Cytology</subject><subject>Detection</subject><subject>Diptera</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>dqPCR</subject><subject>Endemic Diseases - veterinary</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Flies</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hosts</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>IFAT</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Leishmania</subject><subject>Leishmania - classification</subject><subject>Leishmania - genetics</subject><subject>Leishmania - immunology</subject><subject>Leishmania - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmania infantum</subject><subject>Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmania infantum - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Leishmania tarentolae</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis - veterinary</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Lizards</subject><subject>Lizards - parasitology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>PCR</subject><subject>Podarcis siculus</subject><subject>Promastigotes</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Psychodidae - parasitology</subject><subject>Reptiles</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Sympatric populations</subject><subject>Sympatry</subject><subject>Tarentola annularis</subject><subject>Tarentola mauritanica</subject><subject>Tissue</subject><subject>Tropical Medicine</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><subject>Vectors</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><subject>Zoonoses - epidemiology</subject><subject>Zoonoses - parasitology</subject><subject>Zoonoses - transmission</subject><issn>1756-3305</issn><issn>1756-3305</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk8tu1DAUhiMEoqXwAixQJDYgOsWO4xsLpGq4jVQJicvaOnHsGVcZe2o7lPIkPC7OTCkdxIJEUZz4O5-V4z9V9RijE4wFe5kwQRzPUFOuVnIya-5Uh5hTNiME0bu3xgfVg5TOEWJIUna_OiBtKwlpyGH1843JRmcXfB1sfWZcWq3BO6gzRONzGMDUzteD-wGxT8d1At_XdnAm1dOoD8s0zacw5pWJvl5kGK6O68vyYG7rnLfg87iuXaqN783a6Vf1yvk-gtfXsrDZhJhH73LRP6zuWRiSeXR9P6q-vnv7Zf5hdvbx_WJ-ejbTVPI8Y2A5Y1YKSUG2ogcKfSctpxoLIRCy0gJFmHBJO8TA4Ab3XONOyEZLhg05qhY7bx_gXG2iW0O8UgGc2r4IcakgZqcHoyRvup4JzjiQFrToWqBWdNjKDqRp2uJ6vXNtxm5tel0aGGHYk-7PeLdSy_BNibYhDKEieHYtiOFiNCmrtUvaDAN4E8akGsoR4aRloqBP_0LPwxh9adVEtS2RiLM_1BLKB5RNCGVdPUnVKeO0IS3fLnvyD6qc230K3lhX3u8VPN8rKEw23_MSxpTU4vOnfbbZsTqGlKKxN_3ASE05Vrscq5Jjtc2xakrRk9udvCn5HdwCvNgBl6YLNmlnSoxuMFSiLgkXFE0HLrT4f3ruMkw_xDyMPpNfNkgOyw</recordid><startdate>20210908</startdate><enddate>20210908</enddate><creator>Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso</creator><creator>Latrofa, Maria Stefania</creator><creator>Iatta, Roberta</creator><creator>Manoj, Ranju R. 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S. ; Panarese, Rossella ; Annoscia, Giada ; Pombi, Marco ; Zatelli, Andrea ; Beugnet, Fred ; Otranto, Domenico</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-6af766f9895a948da5adb9f75c188800f9fa5013795b06ae121d7c1b892c961e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Canine leishmaniasis</topic><topic>Cytology</topic><topic>Detection</topic><topic>Diptera</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>dqPCR</topic><topic>Endemic Diseases - veterinary</topic><topic>Erythrocytes</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Flies</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hosts</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>IFAT</topic><topic>Immunofluorescence</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Leishmania</topic><topic>Leishmania - classification</topic><topic>Leishmania - genetics</topic><topic>Leishmania - immunology</topic><topic>Leishmania - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmania infantum</topic><topic>Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmania infantum - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Leishmania tarentolae</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis - veterinary</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Lizards</topic><topic>Lizards - parasitology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal system</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Parasitology</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>PCR</topic><topic>Podarcis siculus</topic><topic>Promastigotes</topic><topic>Protozoa</topic><topic>Psychodidae - parasitology</topic><topic>Reptiles</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>Sympatric populations</topic><topic>Sympatry</topic><topic>Tarentola annularis</topic><topic>Tarentola mauritanica</topic><topic>Tissue</topic><topic>Tropical Medicine</topic><topic>Vector-borne diseases</topic><topic>Vectors</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><topic>Zoonoses - epidemiology</topic><topic>Zoonoses - parasitology</topic><topic>Zoonoses - transmission</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latrofa, Maria Stefania</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iatta, Roberta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manoj, Ranju R. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panarese, Rossella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annoscia, Giada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pombi, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zatelli, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beugnet, Fred</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otranto, Domenico</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Parasites & vectors</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso</au><au>Latrofa, Maria Stefania</au><au>Iatta, Roberta</au><au>Manoj, Ranju R. S.</au><au>Panarese, Rossella</au><au>Annoscia, Giada</au><au>Pombi, Marco</au><au>Zatelli, Andrea</au><au>Beugnet, Fred</au><au>Otranto, Domenico</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detection of Leishmania tarentolae in lizards, sand flies and dogs in southern Italy, where Leishmania infantum is endemic: hindrances and opportunities</atitle><jtitle>Parasites & vectors</jtitle><stitle>PARASITE VECTOR</stitle><addtitle>Parasit Vectors</addtitle><date>2021-09-08</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>461</spage><epage>461</epage><pages>461-461</pages><artnum>461</artnum><issn>1756-3305</issn><eissn>1756-3305</eissn><abstract>Background: Leishmania tarentolae is a protozoan isolated from geckoes (Tarentola annularis, Tarentola mauritanica), which is considered non-pathogenic and is transmitted by herpetophilic Sergentomyia spp. sand flies. This species occurs in sympatry with Leishmania infantum in areas where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the present study, we investigated the circulation of L. tarentolae and L. infantum in sand flies, dogs and lizards in a dog shelter in southern Italy, where canine leishmaniasis by L. infantum is endemic.
Methods: Sheltered dogs (n = 100) negative for Leishmania spp. (March 2020) were screened by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using promastigotes of both species at two time points (June 2020 and March 2021). Whole blood from dogs, tissues of Podarcis siculus lizards (n = 28) and sand flies (n = 2306) were also sampled and tested by a duplex real-time PCR (dqPCR). Host blood meal was assessed in sand flies by PCR.
Results: Overall, 16 dogs became positive for L. infantum and/or L. tarentolae by IFAT at one or both sampling periods. One canine blood sample was positive for L. infantum, whilst two for L. tarentolae by dqPCR. At the cytology of lizard blood, Leishmania spp. amastigote-like forms were detected in erythrocytes. Twenty-two tissue samples, mostly lung (21.4%), scored molecularly positive for L. tarentolae, corresponding to 10 lizards (i.e., 35.7%). Of the female Sergentomyia minuta sampled (n = 1252), 158 scored positive for L. tarentolae, four for L. infantum, and one co-infected. Two Phlebotomus perniciosus (out of 29 females) were positive for L. tarentolae. Engorged S. minuta (n = 10) fed on humans, and one P. perniciosus, positive for L. tarentolae, on lagomorphs.
Conclusions: Dogs and lacertid lizards (Podarcis siculus) were herein found for the first time infected by L. tarentolae. The detection of both L. tarentolae and L. infantum in S. minuta and P. perniciosus suggests their sympatric circulation, with a potential overlap in vertebrate hosts. The interactions between L. tarentolae and L. infantum should be further investigated in both vectors and vertebrate hosts to understand the potential implications for the diagnosis and control of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas.</abstract><cop>LONDON</cop><pub>Springer Nature</pub><pmid>34493323</pmid><doi>10.1186/s13071-021-04973-2</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-9922</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-476X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1756-3305 |
| ispartof | Parasites & vectors, 2021-09, Vol.14 (1), p.461-461, Article 461 |
| issn | 1756-3305 1756-3305 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; SpringerNature Journals; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Springer Nature OA/Free Journals |
| subjects | Animals Antibodies Blood Canine leishmaniasis Cytology Detection Diptera Distribution DNA Dogs dqPCR Endemic Diseases - veterinary Erythrocytes Female Females Flies Health aspects Hosts Identification and classification IFAT Immunofluorescence Infections Leishmania Leishmania - classification Leishmania - genetics Leishmania - immunology Leishmania - isolation & purification Leishmania infantum Leishmania infantum - isolation & purification Leishmania infantum - pathogenicity Leishmania tarentolae Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis - epidemiology Leishmaniasis - veterinary Life Sciences & Biomedicine Lizards Lizards - parasitology Male Musculoskeletal system Nucleotide sequence Parasitic diseases Parasitology Pathogens PCR Podarcis siculus Promastigotes Protozoa Psychodidae - parasitology Reptiles Risk factors Science & Technology Serology Sympatric populations Sympatry Tarentola annularis Tarentola mauritanica Tissue Tropical Medicine Vector-borne diseases Vectors Vertebrates Zoonoses - epidemiology Zoonoses - parasitology Zoonoses - transmission |
| title | Detection of Leishmania tarentolae in lizards, sand flies and dogs in southern Italy, where Leishmania infantum is endemic: hindrances and opportunities |
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