Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran
Background and objectives Nurses' caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients' perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients&...
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| description | Background and objectives Nurses' caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients' perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients' social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach's alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses' caring behaviors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0254317 |
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Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients' social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach's alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses' caring behaviors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254317</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34242322</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>SAN FRANCISCO: Public Library Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Behavior ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Care and treatment ; Communication ; Consistency ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cultural differences ; Eigenvalues ; Empathy ; Factor analysis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; Male ; Medical care ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Midwifery ; Multidisciplinary Sciences ; Nurse-Patient Relations ; Nurses ; Nurses - psychology ; Nursing care ; Nursing schools ; Patients ; People and Places ; Perceptions ; Physical Sciences ; Population ; Practice ; Professional activities ; Psychiatric-mental health nursing ; Psychometrics - methods ; Quality management ; Quantitative psychology ; Questionnaires ; Reliability analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Social conditions ; Social Sciences ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translation ; Translations ; Validity ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2021-07, Vol.16 (7), p.e0254317, Article 0254317</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Ghafouri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Ghafouri et al 2021 Ghafouri et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>9</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000674301400028</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fa6e566d46dd085cb77ac4242c9bf27e19e4fefff43b2aeb746f778de1bb88b13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fa6e566d46dd085cb77ac4242c9bf27e19e4fefff43b2aeb746f778de1bb88b13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6144-6001</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270114/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270114/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2115,2929,23871,27929,27930,39262,39263,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34242322$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad</contributor><creatorcontrib>Ghafouri, Raziyeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasiri, Malihe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Foroozan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tayyar-Iravanlou, Faraz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahmaty, Zahra</creatorcontrib><title>Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLOS ONE</addtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Background and objectives Nurses' caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients' perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients' social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach's alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses' caring behaviors.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>Consistency</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Cultural differences</subject><subject>Eigenvalues</subject><subject>Empathy</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iran</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical care</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Midwifery</subject><subject>Multidisciplinary Sciences</subject><subject>Nurse-Patient Relations</subject><subject>Nurses</subject><subject>Nurses - psychology</subject><subject>Nursing care</subject><subject>Nursing schools</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Practice</subject><subject>Professional activities</subject><subject>Psychiatric-mental health nursing</subject><subject>Psychometrics - methods</subject><subject>Quality management</subject><subject>Quantitative psychology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Reliability analysis</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Science & Technology - Other Topics</subject><subject>Social conditions</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Translation</subject><subject>Translations</subject><subject>Validity</subject><subject>Young 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and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran</title><author>Ghafouri, Raziyeh ; Nasiri, Malihe ; Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Foroozan ; Tayyar-Iravanlou, Faraz ; Rahmaty, Zahra</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-fa6e566d46dd085cb77ac4242c9bf27e19e4fefff43b2aeb746f778de1bb88b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Communication</topic><topic>Consistency</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Cultural differences</topic><topic>Eigenvalues</topic><topic>Empathy</topic><topic>Factor analysis</topic><topic>Factor Analysis, Statistical</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iran</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical care</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Midwifery</topic><topic>Multidisciplinary Sciences</topic><topic>Nurse-Patient Relations</topic><topic>Nurses</topic><topic>Nurses - psychology</topic><topic>Nursing care</topic><topic>Nursing schools</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Perceptions</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Practice</topic><topic>Professional activities</topic><topic>Psychiatric-mental health nursing</topic><topic>Psychometrics - methods</topic><topic>Quality management</topic><topic>Quantitative psychology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Reliability analysis</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Science & Technology - Other Topics</topic><topic>Social conditions</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Surveys and 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Faraz</au><au>Rahmaty, Zahra</au><au>Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><stitle>PLOS ONE</stitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2021-07-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0254317</spage><pages>e0254317-</pages><artnum>0254317</artnum><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Background and objectives Nurses' caring behaviors, professional activities, and behaviors for the benefit of patients, influence patients' perception of care and satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Caring behaviors of nurses are contextual and various factors such as patients' social structure, lifestyle, culture, and interests, as well as their biographical, social, and physiological characteristics, can influence perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses, as caring behaviors are an interactive and mental process between patients and nurses. This study was conducted to provide a transcultural translation and psychometric analysis of Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) among nurses in Iran. Methodology Transcultural translation of the 16-item CBI was performed. Then, face validity (qualitative), content validity (quantitative and qualitative), and construct validity were examined in a cross-sectional study of 509 patients. A demographic questionnaire and the 16-item CBI were sent to enrolled patients via online questionnaires. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Then, construct validity of the single factor CBI was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Since one factor CBI was not confirmed, construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The final number of factors was confirmed using CFA. Results The internal consistency of the instrument was good with Cronbach's alpha 0.89. Based on EFA, the CBI were loaded on two factors, eigenvalues >1, no item was removed. The emergent factors were named "Communicating respectfully" and "Professional knowledge and skill". These two factors explained 50.197% of the total variance. Then, CFA showed an acceptable fit for the two factors CBI. Conclusion The results showed that the Persian version of the 16-item CBI had adequate validity and reliability. Accordingly, this instrument can be used to study nurses' caring behaviors.</abstract><cop>SAN FRANCISCO</cop><pub>Public Library Science</pub><pmid>34242322</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0254317</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-6001</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_webofscience_primary_000674301400028 |
| source | PubMed Central (Open Access); PLoS; MEDLINE; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; Directory of Open Access Journals; Web of Science - Social Sciences Citation Index – 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Adult Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Care and treatment Communication Consistency Cross-Sectional Studies Cultural differences Eigenvalues Empathy Factor analysis Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Humans Iran Male Medical care Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Midwifery Multidisciplinary Sciences Nurse-Patient Relations Nurses Nurses - psychology Nursing care Nursing schools Patients People and Places Perceptions Physical Sciences Population Practice Professional activities Psychiatric-mental health nursing Psychometrics - methods Quality management Quantitative psychology Questionnaires Reliability analysis Reproducibility of Results Research and Analysis Methods Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Social conditions Social Sciences Surveys and Questionnaires Translation Translations Validity Young Adult |
| title | Translation and validation of caring behaviors inventory among nurses in Iran |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-13T19%3A55%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_webof&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Translation%20and%20validation%20of%20caring%20behaviors%20inventory%20among%20nurses%20in%20Iran&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Ghafouri,%20Raziyeh&rft.date=2021-07-09&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0254317&rft.pages=e0254317-&rft.artnum=0254317&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0254317&rft_dat=%3Cgale_webof%3EA667980263%3C/gale_webof%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2549937044&rft_id=info:pmid/34242322&rft_galeid=A667980263&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_39f6925b624341e4a3c027cd62df21de&rfr_iscdi=true |