Metabolomic correlates of coronary atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk, both or neither. Results of the 2 x 2 phenotypic CAPIRE study

Background: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and coronary artery disease (CAD) do not always run parallel. We investigated functional-metabolic correlations of CAD, RFs, or neither in the CAPIRE (Coronary Atherosclerosis in Outlier Subjects: Protective and Novel Individual Risk Factors Evaluation) 2 & times; 2 phenotypic observational study. Methods: Two hundred and fortyone subjects were included based on RF burden, presence/absence of CAD (assessed by computed tomography angiography), age and sex. Participants displayed one of four phenotypes: CAD with >_3 RFs, no-CAD with >_3 RFs, CAD with