Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research
Multiple fission is a cell cycle variation leading to the production of more than two daughter cells. Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA re...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.11 (6), p.891 |
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creator | Zachleder, Vilém Ivanov, Ivan N. Kselíková, Veronika Bialevich, Vitali Vítová, Milada Ota, Shuhei Takeshita, Tsuyoshi Kawano, Shigeyuki Bišová, Kateřina |
description | Multiple fission is a cell cycle variation leading to the production of more than two daughter cells. Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA replication, nuclear and cellular division, cell size, total RNA, protein content, dry matter and accumulation of starch were observed at incident light intensities of 110, 250 and 500 µmol photons m−2s−1. Furthermore, we studied the effect of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division, to mimic the effect of stress. We describe a novel multiple fission cell cycle pattern characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication leading to cell polyploidization. Once completed, multiple nuclear divisions were performed with each of them, immediately followed by protoplast fission, terminated by the formation of daughter cells. The multiple fission cell cycle was represented by several consecutive doublings of growth parameters, each leading to the start of a reproductive sequence. The number of growth doublings increased with increasing light intensity and led to division into more daughter cells. This study establishes the baseline for cell cycle research at the molecular level as well as for potential biotechnological applications, particularly directed synthesis of (deuterated) starch and/or neutral lipids as carbon and energy reserves. |
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Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA replication, nuclear and cellular division, cell size, total RNA, protein content, dry matter and accumulation of starch were observed at incident light intensities of 110, 250 and 500 µmol photons m−2s−1. Furthermore, we studied the effect of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division, to mimic the effect of stress. We describe a novel multiple fission cell cycle pattern characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication leading to cell polyploidization. Once completed, multiple nuclear divisions were performed with each of them, immediately followed by protoplast fission, terminated by the formation of daughter cells. The multiple fission cell cycle was represented by several consecutive doublings of growth parameters, each leading to the start of a reproductive sequence. The number of growth doublings increased with increasing light intensity and led to division into more daughter cells. This study establishes the baseline for cell cycle research at the molecular level as well as for potential biotechnological applications, particularly directed synthesis of (deuterated) starch and/or neutral lipids as carbon and energy reserves.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2218-273X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2218-273X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/biom11060891</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34203860</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Algae ; Biotechnology ; Carbon dioxide ; Cell cycle ; cell cycle pattern ; Cell division ; Cell size ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA biosynthesis ; Dry matter ; Energy ; energy reserves ; growth processes ; Light ; Light intensity ; Lipids ; Metabolism ; Parachlorella kessleri ; Photons ; Polyploidy ; Replication ; reproduction events ; Starch ; Sulfur</subject><ispartof>Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.11 (6), p.891</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA replication, nuclear and cellular division, cell size, total RNA, protein content, dry matter and accumulation of starch were observed at incident light intensities of 110, 250 and 500 µmol photons m−2s−1. Furthermore, we studied the effect of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division, to mimic the effect of stress. We describe a novel multiple fission cell cycle pattern characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication leading to cell polyploidization. Once completed, multiple nuclear divisions were performed with each of them, immediately followed by protoplast fission, terminated by the formation of daughter cells. The multiple fission cell cycle was represented by several consecutive doublings of growth parameters, each leading to the start of a reproductive sequence. The number of growth doublings increased with increasing light intensity and led to division into more daughter cells. This study establishes the baseline for cell cycle research at the molecular level as well as for potential biotechnological applications, particularly directed synthesis of (deuterated) starch and/or neutral lipids as carbon and energy reserves.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>cell cycle pattern</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cell size</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA biosynthesis</subject><subject>Dry matter</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>energy reserves</subject><subject>growth processes</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Light intensity</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Parachlorella kessleri</subject><subject>Photons</subject><subject>Polyploidy</subject><subject>Replication</subject><subject>reproduction events</subject><subject>Starch</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><issn>2218-273X</issn><issn>2218-273X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkl2PEyEUhidG427q3vkDSLzxwiofwwBemDSTdW1SP2I08Y4wzJkOdQq7QHdTf4q_Vmo3piuQQOA9zzl5OVX1nODXjCn8pnNhSwhusFTkUXVOKZFzKtiPxyfns-oipQ0uQ5ZF2dPqjNUUM9ng8-p3O5pobIbofpnsgkdhQFcx3OURGd-jFqYJtXs7Abq8BZ8TWgwDFH2Puj1aufWY0dJn8MnlPXIe5RFKPIBHi2lt0JcDfZxCLByDfkJKU0n1Fi3QJ7hDH0MPExpCPM3zFRKYaMdn1ZPBTAku7vdZ9f395bf2w3z1-WrZLlZzyynJc0YZxrTDNQbTSw5ArMKdElQQMErwYehBcCotx81ApbS1UQ1XpukYt7Xt2axaHrl9MBt9Hd3WxL0Oxum_FyGutYnZldI0M5gSZQwXDGoiiBS8Z30jFSbU2uLprHp3ZF3vui30tjgWzfQA-vDFu1Gvw60u_0IFZwXw8h4Qw80OUtZbl-zBPA9hlzTltWSqKbNIX_wn3YRd9MWqg6rmSopGFNWro8rGkFKE4V8xBOtDD-nTHmJ_AEyyuDk</recordid><startdate>20210615</startdate><enddate>20210615</enddate><creator>Zachleder, Vilém</creator><creator>Ivanov, Ivan N.</creator><creator>Kselíková, Veronika</creator><creator>Bialevich, Vitali</creator><creator>Vítová, Milada</creator><creator>Ota, Shuhei</creator><creator>Takeshita, Tsuyoshi</creator><creator>Kawano, Shigeyuki</creator><creator>Bišová, Kateřina</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-3295</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-2490</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9143-0660</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-0894</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210615</creationdate><title>Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research</title><author>Zachleder, Vilém ; 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Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA replication, nuclear and cellular division, cell size, total RNA, protein content, dry matter and accumulation of starch were observed at incident light intensities of 110, 250 and 500 µmol photons m−2s−1. Furthermore, we studied the effect of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division, to mimic the effect of stress. We describe a novel multiple fission cell cycle pattern characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication leading to cell polyploidization. Once completed, multiple nuclear divisions were performed with each of them, immediately followed by protoplast fission, terminated by the formation of daughter cells. The multiple fission cell cycle was represented by several consecutive doublings of growth parameters, each leading to the start of a reproductive sequence. The number of growth doublings increased with increasing light intensity and led to division into more daughter cells. This study establishes the baseline for cell cycle research at the molecular level as well as for potential biotechnological applications, particularly directed synthesis of (deuterated) starch and/or neutral lipids as carbon and energy reserves.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34203860</pmid><doi>10.3390/biom11060891</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-3295</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-2490</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9143-0660</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-0894</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Algae Biotechnology Carbon dioxide Cell cycle cell cycle pattern Cell division Cell size Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA biosynthesis Dry matter Energy energy reserves growth processes Light Light intensity Lipids Metabolism Parachlorella kessleri Photons Polyploidy Replication reproduction events Starch Sulfur |
title | Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research |
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