Repellency of Veratraldehyde (3,4-Dimethoxy Benzaldehyde) against Mosquito Females and Tick Nymphs
Arthropod-borne infectious diseases cause many deaths and a major economic burden worldwide. Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde wa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied sciences 2021-06, Vol.11 (11), p.4861, Article 4861 |
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| creator | Kim, Soon-Il Tak, Jun-Hyung Seo, Jeong Kyu Park, Seong Ryel Kim, Jiwon Boo, Kyung-Hwan |
| description | Arthropod-borne infectious diseases cause many deaths and a major economic burden worldwide. Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde was tested against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens females and Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs using arm-in-cage, indoor or filter paper tests. Veratraldehyde exhibited repellency similar to or lower than that of n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) against A. albopictus, but in H. longicornis, the activity of veratraldehyde was better than that of DEET. The repellency of the 10% veratraldehyde solution was comparable to that of 20% DEET against the two mosquitoes. When comparing repellency between the WJ-1041 formulation (10% veratraldehyde) and 10% DEET against C. pipiens pallens, A. Albopictus and H. longicornis, the two showed similar repellency and complete protection time (CPT) values. However, there was a small difference depending on the tested insects. The absorption of veratraldehyde via skin was minimal, if at all. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C-max and T-max) of veratraldehyde in blood samples of rats were not different from those of the control group. Based on these results, veratraldehyde has high potential to be commercialized as a repellent agent against infectious disease-borne pests in the near future. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/app11114861 |
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Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde was tested against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens females and Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs using arm-in-cage, indoor or filter paper tests. Veratraldehyde exhibited repellency similar to or lower than that of n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) against A. albopictus, but in H. longicornis, the activity of veratraldehyde was better than that of DEET. The repellency of the 10% veratraldehyde solution was comparable to that of 20% DEET against the two mosquitoes. When comparing repellency between the WJ-1041 formulation (10% veratraldehyde) and 10% DEET against C. pipiens pallens, A. Albopictus and H. longicornis, the two showed similar repellency and complete protection time (CPT) values. However, there was a small difference depending on the tested insects. The absorption of veratraldehyde via skin was minimal, if at all. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C-max and T-max) of veratraldehyde in blood samples of rats were not different from those of the control group. Based on these results, veratraldehyde has high potential to be commercialized as a repellent agent against infectious disease-borne pests in the near future.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2076-3417</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2076-3417</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/app11114861</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Aedes albopictus ; Arachnids ; Arthropods ; Benzaldehyde ; Biting ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary ; Commercialization ; Culex pipiens pallens ; DEET ; Dengue fever ; Encephalitis ; Engineering ; Engineering, Multidisciplinary ; Ethanol ; Females ; Filter paper ; Food additives ; Haemaphysalis longicornis ; Infectious diseases ; Laboratories ; Malaria ; Materials Science ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ; Mosquitoes ; Oils & fats ; Pathogens ; Pests ; Pharmacokinetics ; Physical Sciences ; Physics ; Physics, Applied ; Repellency ; Repellents ; Science & Technology ; Skin ; Technology ; Tropical diseases ; Veratraldehyde ; Viruses ; Volunteers ; West Nile virus</subject><ispartof>Applied sciences, 2021-06, Vol.11 (11), p.4861, Article 4861</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>6</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000659581700001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-a116a9ffa6df87021075d83a4ef6cab5a7b8a9c46a29f181a4028cd9c08be7773</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-a116a9ffa6df87021075d83a4ef6cab5a7b8a9c46a29f181a4028cd9c08be7773</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3681-7843 ; 0000-0002-9024-2999</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,865,2103,2115,27929,27930,39263</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Soon-Il</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tak, Jun-Hyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seo, Jeong Kyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Seong Ryel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jiwon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boo, Kyung-Hwan</creatorcontrib><title>Repellency of Veratraldehyde (3,4-Dimethoxy Benzaldehyde) against Mosquito Females and Tick Nymphs</title><title>Applied sciences</title><addtitle>APPL SCI-BASEL</addtitle><description>Arthropod-borne infectious diseases cause many deaths and a major economic burden worldwide. Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde was tested against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens females and Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs using arm-in-cage, indoor or filter paper tests. Veratraldehyde exhibited repellency similar to or lower than that of n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) against A. albopictus, but in H. longicornis, the activity of veratraldehyde was better than that of DEET. The repellency of the 10% veratraldehyde solution was comparable to that of 20% DEET against the two mosquitoes. When comparing repellency between the WJ-1041 formulation (10% veratraldehyde) and 10% DEET against C. pipiens pallens, A. Albopictus and H. longicornis, the two showed similar repellency and complete protection time (CPT) values. However, there was a small difference depending on the tested insects. The absorption of veratraldehyde via skin was minimal, if at all. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C-max and T-max) of veratraldehyde in blood samples of rats were not different from those of the control group. Based on these results, veratraldehyde has high potential to be commercialized as a repellent agent against infectious disease-borne pests in the near future.</description><subject>Aedes albopictus</subject><subject>Arachnids</subject><subject>Arthropods</subject><subject>Benzaldehyde</subject><subject>Biting</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Commercialization</subject><subject>Culex pipiens pallens</subject><subject>DEET</subject><subject>Dengue fever</subject><subject>Encephalitis</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Filter paper</subject><subject>Food additives</subject><subject>Haemaphysalis longicornis</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Materials Science, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Mosquitoes</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics, Applied</subject><subject>Repellency</subject><subject>Repellents</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Veratraldehyde</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Volunteers</subject><subject>West Nile virus</subject><issn>2076-3417</issn><issn>2076-3417</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUcFu1DAQjRBIVKUnfsASFxCE2rFjO0fYUqhUioQKV2tij7tesnFqewXh65uyUHrsXGY08-a90byqes7oW847egzTxJYQWrJH1UFDlay5YOrxvfppdZTzhi7RMa4ZPaj6rzjhMOBoZxI9-Y4JSoLB4Xp2SF7yN6I-CVss6_hrJu9x_P1v9orAFYQxF_I55utdKJGc4hYGzARGRy6D_UEu5u20zs-qJx6GjEd_82H17fTD5epTff7l49nq3XltuRSlBsYkdN6DdF4r2jCqWqc5CPTSQt-C6jV0VkhoOs80A0EbbV1nqe5RKcUPq7M9r4uwMVMKW0iziRDMn0ZMVwZSCXZAI0HbRtglOS8Ehb6jTYPQONASrJYL14s915Ti9Q5zMZu4S-NyvmkkbwWlUrAF9XqPsinmnNDfqTJqbj0x9zxZ0HqP_ol99NmG5el4t7F4Ituu1Uzd2sNWoUAJcVzF3Vj-Cz1kld8Ag1WfCQ</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Kim, Soon-Il</creator><creator>Tak, Jun-Hyung</creator><creator>Seo, Jeong Kyu</creator><creator>Park, Seong Ryel</creator><creator>Kim, Jiwon</creator><creator>Boo, Kyung-Hwan</creator><general>Mdpi</general><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-7843</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-2999</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>Repellency of Veratraldehyde (3,4-Dimethoxy Benzaldehyde) against Mosquito Females and Tick Nymphs</title><author>Kim, Soon-Il ; Tak, Jun-Hyung ; Seo, Jeong Kyu ; Park, Seong Ryel ; Kim, Jiwon ; Boo, Kyung-Hwan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-a116a9ffa6df87021075d83a4ef6cab5a7b8a9c46a29f181a4028cd9c08be7773</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aedes albopictus</topic><topic>Arachnids</topic><topic>Arthropods</topic><topic>Benzaldehyde</topic><topic>Biting</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Commercialization</topic><topic>Culex pipiens pallens</topic><topic>DEET</topic><topic>Dengue fever</topic><topic>Encephalitis</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Engineering, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Filter paper</topic><topic>Food additives</topic><topic>Haemaphysalis longicornis</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Materials Science, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Mosquitoes</topic><topic>Oils & fats</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Pests</topic><topic>Pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics, Applied</topic><topic>Repellency</topic><topic>Repellents</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Veratraldehyde</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Volunteers</topic><topic>West Nile virus</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Soon-Il</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tak, Jun-Hyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seo, Jeong Kyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Seong Ryel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jiwon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boo, Kyung-Hwan</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Proquest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Applied sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Soon-Il</au><au>Tak, Jun-Hyung</au><au>Seo, Jeong Kyu</au><au>Park, Seong Ryel</au><au>Kim, Jiwon</au><au>Boo, Kyung-Hwan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Repellency of Veratraldehyde (3,4-Dimethoxy Benzaldehyde) against Mosquito Females and Tick Nymphs</atitle><jtitle>Applied sciences</jtitle><stitle>APPL SCI-BASEL</stitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>4861</spage><pages>4861-</pages><artnum>4861</artnum><issn>2076-3417</issn><eissn>2076-3417</eissn><abstract>Arthropod-borne infectious diseases cause many deaths and a major economic burden worldwide. Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde was tested against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens females and Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs using arm-in-cage, indoor or filter paper tests. Veratraldehyde exhibited repellency similar to or lower than that of n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) against A. albopictus, but in H. longicornis, the activity of veratraldehyde was better than that of DEET. The repellency of the 10% veratraldehyde solution was comparable to that of 20% DEET against the two mosquitoes. When comparing repellency between the WJ-1041 formulation (10% veratraldehyde) and 10% DEET against C. pipiens pallens, A. Albopictus and H. longicornis, the two showed similar repellency and complete protection time (CPT) values. However, there was a small difference depending on the tested insects. The absorption of veratraldehyde via skin was minimal, if at all. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C-max and T-max) of veratraldehyde in blood samples of rats were not different from those of the control group. Based on these results, veratraldehyde has high potential to be commercialized as a repellent agent against infectious disease-borne pests in the near future.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><doi>10.3390/app11114861</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-7843</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-2999</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aedes albopictus Arachnids Arthropods Benzaldehyde Biting Chemistry Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Commercialization Culex pipiens pallens DEET Dengue fever Encephalitis Engineering Engineering, Multidisciplinary Ethanol Females Filter paper Food additives Haemaphysalis longicornis Infectious diseases Laboratories Malaria Materials Science Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Mosquitoes Oils & fats Pathogens Pests Pharmacokinetics Physical Sciences Physics Physics, Applied Repellency Repellents Science & Technology Skin Technology Tropical diseases Veratraldehyde Viruses Volunteers West Nile virus |
| title | Repellency of Veratraldehyde (3,4-Dimethoxy Benzaldehyde) against Mosquito Females and Tick Nymphs |
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