Participant food and activity costs in a translational Diabetes Prevention Program

Participants at elevated risk for acquiring type 2 diabetes were able to adopt healthy lifestyle changes that reduced their diabetes risk factors, without significantly increasing their costs. Abstract The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and its translational adaptations have been shown to be effective. However, individual-level economic impacts, such as the out-of-pocket costs borne by participants due to involvement in these programs have not been consistently and thoroughly evaluated. As cost is an important consideration that will impact the willingness of individuals to participate in such programs, this study examined direct monetary costs to participants in the Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) DPP. Older adults (n = 134, mean age 62.8 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m2 and prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome participated in this GLB intervention, with two-thirds randomized to begin the intervention immediately and one-third functioning as a control for 6 months before receiving the entire intervention. Food and activity time and costs borne by participants were measured by self-report at baseline and after 6 months. Significant improvements in clinical metabolic measures, weight, and physical activity levels were achieved after 6 months in the intervention group compared both with baseline and the controls. Food costs did not increase among intervention participants. Costs related to physical activity did not change consistently over the course of the intervention. This DPP–GLB lifestyle intervention was effective in reducing risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus among a diverse group of older participants without significantly increasing their out-of-pocket costs for food or physical activity over the course of the intervention. These results should help reduce concerns of individuals who are hesitant to participate in similar programs due to costs. The clinical trial registration number of this study is NCT01050205.