Focused ion beam irradiation for generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures
•Skyrmionic bubble like structures are artificially created.•Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W films are optimized for skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation is used to generate skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation locates and stabilizes the bubbles.•The create...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 2021-04, Vol.523, p.167591, Article 167591 |
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container_title | Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials |
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creator | Ahrens, Valentin Mendisch, Simon Kaiser, Waldemar Kiechle, Martina Breitkreutz-v. Gamm, Stephan Becherer, Markus |
description | •Skyrmionic bubble like structures are artificially created.•Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W films are optimized for skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation is used to generate skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation locates and stabilizes the bubbles.•The created spin-textures show high stability and can be tuned in size.
Skyrmions provide high potential for low power magnetic computing. However, we are lacking methods for the controlled nucleation of skyrmions in magnetic thin films. We present a procedure for a controlled generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures (SBSs) at well-defined spots by focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation of magnetic multilayers. Series of Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W multilayers with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) were sputtered and optimized with respect to the domain structure and development under magnetic field. Applying an external magnetic field pulse of specific strength to a sample in both the demagnetized domain state and the uniform ferromagnetic state results in the condensation and nucleation of bubbles, respectively. In multilayer films, SBSs form randomly across the sample. To control the bubble nucleation, we irradiate the multilayer stacks with 50kVGa+ ions to alter the magnetic properties along a hexagonal grid. We observe nucleation and geometric confinement of bubbles within the center of the hexagons. The lowered anisotropy in irradiated regions forms potential barriers which stabilizes the bubbles at room temperature and zero field. FIB tuned magnetic thin films give an exciting platform to investigate the behavior of SBSs in a confined state and to study the possibilities of controlled field- and current-driven motion. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167591 |
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Skyrmions provide high potential for low power magnetic computing. However, we are lacking methods for the controlled nucleation of skyrmions in magnetic thin films. We present a procedure for a controlled generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures (SBSs) at well-defined spots by focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation of magnetic multilayers. Series of Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W multilayers with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) were sputtered and optimized with respect to the domain structure and development under magnetic field. Applying an external magnetic field pulse of specific strength to a sample in both the demagnetized domain state and the uniform ferromagnetic state results in the condensation and nucleation of bubbles, respectively. In multilayer films, SBSs form randomly across the sample. To control the bubble nucleation, we irradiate the multilayer stacks with 50kVGa+ ions to alter the magnetic properties along a hexagonal grid. We observe nucleation and geometric confinement of bubbles within the center of the hexagons. The lowered anisotropy in irradiated regions forms potential barriers which stabilizes the bubbles at room temperature and zero field. FIB tuned magnetic thin films give an exciting platform to investigate the behavior of SBSs in a confined state and to study the possibilities of controlled field- and current-driven motion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-8853</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-4766</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167591</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>AMSTERDAM: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Anisotropy ; Artificial skyrmionic bubble like structures ; Bubbles ; Cobalt ; Ferromagnetism ; Hexagons ; Hypothetical particles ; Ion beam irradiation ; Ion beams ; Iridium ; Irradiation ; Magnetic domains ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetic multilayers ; Magnetic properties ; Magnetic thin films ; Materials Science ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ; Multilayers ; Nucleation ; Particle theory ; Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA) ; Physical Sciences ; Physics ; Physics, Condensed Matter ; Platinum ; Potential barriers ; Room temperature ; Room temperature skyrmionic bubble like structures ; Science & Technology ; Technology ; Thin films ; Zero field skyrmionic bubble like structures</subject><ispartof>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, 2021-04, Vol.523, p.167591, Article 167591</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Apr 1, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>4</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000605713200020</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-ee02df581e1f29525e365675656b97591f102c6534fdab41011bcd43672255613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-ee02df581e1f29525e365675656b97591f102c6534fdab41011bcd43672255613</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9069-690X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167591$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,3552,27931,27932,39265,46002</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahrens, Valentin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendisch, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Waldemar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiechle, Martina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breitkreutz-v. Gamm, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Becherer, Markus</creatorcontrib><title>Focused ion beam irradiation for generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures</title><title>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials</title><addtitle>J MAGN MAGN MATER</addtitle><description>•Skyrmionic bubble like structures are artificially created.•Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W films are optimized for skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation is used to generate skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation locates and stabilizes the bubbles.•The created spin-textures show high stability and can be tuned in size.
Skyrmions provide high potential for low power magnetic computing. However, we are lacking methods for the controlled nucleation of skyrmions in magnetic thin films. We present a procedure for a controlled generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures (SBSs) at well-defined spots by focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation of magnetic multilayers. Series of Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W multilayers with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) were sputtered and optimized with respect to the domain structure and development under magnetic field. Applying an external magnetic field pulse of specific strength to a sample in both the demagnetized domain state and the uniform ferromagnetic state results in the condensation and nucleation of bubbles, respectively. In multilayer films, SBSs form randomly across the sample. To control the bubble nucleation, we irradiate the multilayer stacks with 50kVGa+ ions to alter the magnetic properties along a hexagonal grid. We observe nucleation and geometric confinement of bubbles within the center of the hexagons. The lowered anisotropy in irradiated regions forms potential barriers which stabilizes the bubbles at room temperature and zero field. FIB tuned magnetic thin films give an exciting platform to investigate the behavior of SBSs in a confined state and to study the possibilities of controlled field- and current-driven motion.</description><subject>Anisotropy</subject><subject>Artificial skyrmionic bubble like structures</subject><subject>Bubbles</subject><subject>Cobalt</subject><subject>Ferromagnetism</subject><subject>Hexagons</subject><subject>Hypothetical particles</subject><subject>Ion beam irradiation</subject><subject>Ion beams</subject><subject>Iridium</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Magnetic domains</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetic multilayers</subject><subject>Magnetic properties</subject><subject>Magnetic thin films</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Materials Science, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Multilayers</subject><subject>Nucleation</subject><subject>Particle theory</subject><subject>Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA)</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics, Condensed Matter</subject><subject>Platinum</subject><subject>Potential barriers</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Room temperature skyrmionic bubble like structures</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Thin films</subject><subject>Zero field skyrmionic bubble like structures</subject><issn>0304-8853</issn><issn>1873-4766</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE9LxDAQxYMouK5-AU8Fj9I1f5q0BS-yuCos6EHPoU0nku62WZNU2W9vaheP4iWZDO_NvPwQuiR4QTARN-2i7bpuQTGNDZHzkhyhGSlylma5EMdohhnO0qLg7BSded9ijElWiBl6WVk1eGgSY_ukhqpLjHNVY6owNrR1yTv04Kan1Ynf7F0Xa6OSeqjrLSRbs4HEBzeoMDjw5-hEV1sPF4d7jt5W96_Lx3T9_PC0vFuniuU0pACYNpoXBIimJaccmOAxeDzqcsyvCaZKcJbppqqz-ElSqyZjIqeUc0HYHF1Nc3fOfgzgg2zt4Pq4UtKsKDGNa0YVnVTKWe8daLlzpqvcXhIsR3KylSM5OZKTE7loup5MX1Bb7ZWBXsGvMaITmOeE0VhRHNXF_9VLE35QLu3Qh2i9nawQQX0acPJgb4wDFWRjzV85vwFbW5a6</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Ahrens, Valentin</creator><creator>Mendisch, Simon</creator><creator>Kaiser, Waldemar</creator><creator>Kiechle, Martina</creator><creator>Breitkreutz-v. Gamm, Stephan</creator><creator>Becherer, Markus</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-690X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Focused ion beam irradiation for generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures</title><author>Ahrens, Valentin ; Mendisch, Simon ; Kaiser, Waldemar ; Kiechle, Martina ; Breitkreutz-v. Gamm, Stephan ; Becherer, Markus</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c372t-ee02df581e1f29525e365675656b97591f102c6534fdab41011bcd43672255613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Anisotropy</topic><topic>Artificial skyrmionic bubble like structures</topic><topic>Bubbles</topic><topic>Cobalt</topic><topic>Ferromagnetism</topic><topic>Hexagons</topic><topic>Hypothetical particles</topic><topic>Ion beam irradiation</topic><topic>Ion beams</topic><topic>Iridium</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Magnetic domains</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Magnetic multilayers</topic><topic>Magnetic properties</topic><topic>Magnetic thin films</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Materials Science, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Multilayers</topic><topic>Nucleation</topic><topic>Particle theory</topic><topic>Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA)</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics, Condensed Matter</topic><topic>Platinum</topic><topic>Potential barriers</topic><topic>Room temperature</topic><topic>Room temperature skyrmionic bubble like structures</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Thin films</topic><topic>Zero field skyrmionic bubble like structures</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ahrens, Valentin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendisch, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Waldemar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiechle, Martina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breitkreutz-v. Gamm, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Becherer, Markus</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ahrens, Valentin</au><au>Mendisch, Simon</au><au>Kaiser, Waldemar</au><au>Kiechle, Martina</au><au>Breitkreutz-v. Gamm, Stephan</au><au>Becherer, Markus</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Focused ion beam irradiation for generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures</atitle><jtitle>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials</jtitle><stitle>J MAGN MAGN MATER</stitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>523</volume><spage>167591</spage><pages>167591-</pages><artnum>167591</artnum><issn>0304-8853</issn><eissn>1873-4766</eissn><abstract>•Skyrmionic bubble like structures are artificially created.•Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W films are optimized for skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation is used to generate skyrmionic bubble like structures.•Focused ion beam irradiation locates and stabilizes the bubbles.•The created spin-textures show high stability and can be tuned in size.
Skyrmions provide high potential for low power magnetic computing. However, we are lacking methods for the controlled nucleation of skyrmions in magnetic thin films. We present a procedure for a controlled generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures (SBSs) at well-defined spots by focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation of magnetic multilayers. Series of Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W multilayers with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) were sputtered and optimized with respect to the domain structure and development under magnetic field. Applying an external magnetic field pulse of specific strength to a sample in both the demagnetized domain state and the uniform ferromagnetic state results in the condensation and nucleation of bubbles, respectively. In multilayer films, SBSs form randomly across the sample. To control the bubble nucleation, we irradiate the multilayer stacks with 50kVGa+ ions to alter the magnetic properties along a hexagonal grid. We observe nucleation and geometric confinement of bubbles within the center of the hexagons. The lowered anisotropy in irradiated regions forms potential barriers which stabilizes the bubbles at room temperature and zero field. FIB tuned magnetic thin films give an exciting platform to investigate the behavior of SBSs in a confined state and to study the possibilities of controlled field- and current-driven motion.</abstract><cop>AMSTERDAM</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167591</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-690X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Anisotropy Artificial skyrmionic bubble like structures Bubbles Cobalt Ferromagnetism Hexagons Hypothetical particles Ion beam irradiation Ion beams Iridium Irradiation Magnetic domains Magnetic fields Magnetic multilayers Magnetic properties Magnetic thin films Materials Science Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Multilayers Nucleation Particle theory Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (PMA) Physical Sciences Physics Physics, Condensed Matter Platinum Potential barriers Room temperature Room temperature skyrmionic bubble like structures Science & Technology Technology Thin films Zero field skyrmionic bubble like structures |
title | Focused ion beam irradiation for generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures |
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