The role of animals as a source of antimicrobial resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella causing invasive and non-invasive human disease in Vietnam

Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with both diarrhea and bacteremia. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS inf...

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Veröffentlicht in:Infection, genetics and evolution genetics and evolution, 2020-11, Vol.85, p.104534-104534, Article 104534
Hauptverfasser: Parisi, Andrea, Phuong, Tu Le Thi, Mather, Alison E., Jombart, Thibaut, Tuyen, Ha Thanh, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, Trang, Nguyen Hoang Thu, Carrique-Mas, Juan, Campbell, James I., Trung, Nguyen Vinh, Glass, Kathryn, Kirk, Martyn D., Baker, Stephen
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container_title Infection, genetics and evolution
container_volume 85
creator Parisi, Andrea
Phuong, Tu Le Thi
Mather, Alison E.
Jombart, Thibaut
Tuyen, Ha Thanh
Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong
Trang, Nguyen Hoang Thu
Carrique-Mas, Juan
Campbell, James I.
Trung, Nguyen Vinh
Glass, Kathryn
Kirk, Martyn D.
Baker, Stephen
description Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with both diarrhea and bacteremia. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. We retrospectively combined and analyzed 672 NTS human and animal isolates from four studies in southern Vietnam and compared serovars, sequence types (ST), and AMR profiles. We generated a population structure of circulating organisms and aimed to attribute sources of AMR in NTS causing invasive and noninvasive disease in humans using Bayesian multinomial mixture models. Among 672 NTS isolates, 148 (22%) originated from human blood, 211 (31%) from human stool, and 313 (47%) from animal stool. The distribution of serovars, STs, and AMR profiles differed among sources; serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the most common in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively. We identified an association between the source of NTS and AMR profile; the majority of AMR isolates were isolated from human blood (p 
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. We retrospectively combined and analyzed 672 NTS human and animal isolates from four studies in southern Vietnam and compared serovars, sequence types (ST), and AMR profiles. We generated a population structure of circulating organisms and aimed to attribute sources of AMR in NTS causing invasive and noninvasive disease in humans using Bayesian multinomial mixture models. Among 672 NTS isolates, 148 (22%) originated from human blood, 211 (31%) from human stool, and 313 (47%) from animal stool. The distribution of serovars, STs, and AMR profiles differed among sources; serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the most common in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively. We identified an association between the source of NTS and AMR profile; the majority of AMR isolates were isolated from human blood (p &lt; 0.001). Modelling by ST-AMR profile found chickens and pigs were likely the major sources of AMR NTS in human blood and stool, respectively; but unsampled sources were found to be a major contributor. Antimicrobial use in food animals is hypothesized to play role in the emergence of AMR in human pathogens. Our cross-sectional population-based approach suggests a significant overlap between AMR in NTS in animals and humans, but animal NTS does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. •The major source(s) of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are unknown.•We analyzed 672 NTS isolates, 148 (41%) from human blood, 211 (59%) from human stool, and 136 (43%) from animal stool.•Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the common serovars in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively.•The majority of AMR isolates were associated with human blood.•NTS from animals does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1567-1348</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1567-7257</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104534</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32920195</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>AMSTERDAM: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Bacteremia ; Bacterial Zoonoses - epidemiology ; Chickens - virology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diarrhea ; Disease Transmission, Infectious - veterinary ; Disease Vectors ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects ; Ducks - virology ; Genetic Variation ; Infectious Diseases ; Life Sciences &amp; Biomedicine ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nontyphoidal Salmonella ; Retrospective Studies ; Rodentia - virology ; Salmonella Infections - drug therapy ; Salmonella Infections - epidemiology ; Salmonella Infections - transmission ; Salmonella typhimurium - drug effects ; Science &amp; Technology ; Serogroup ; Swine - virology ; Vietnam - epidemiology ; Zoonosis</subject><ispartof>Infection, genetics and evolution, 2020-11, Vol.85, p.104534-104534, Article 104534</ispartof><rights>2020 The Author(s)</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). 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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. We retrospectively combined and analyzed 672 NTS human and animal isolates from four studies in southern Vietnam and compared serovars, sequence types (ST), and AMR profiles. We generated a population structure of circulating organisms and aimed to attribute sources of AMR in NTS causing invasive and noninvasive disease in humans using Bayesian multinomial mixture models. Among 672 NTS isolates, 148 (22%) originated from human blood, 211 (31%) from human stool, and 313 (47%) from animal stool. The distribution of serovars, STs, and AMR profiles differed among sources; serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the most common in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively. We identified an association between the source of NTS and AMR profile; the majority of AMR isolates were isolated from human blood (p &lt; 0.001). Modelling by ST-AMR profile found chickens and pigs were likely the major sources of AMR NTS in human blood and stool, respectively; but unsampled sources were found to be a major contributor. Antimicrobial use in food animals is hypothesized to play role in the emergence of AMR in human pathogens. Our cross-sectional population-based approach suggests a significant overlap between AMR in NTS in animals and humans, but animal NTS does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. •The major source(s) of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are unknown.•We analyzed 672 NTS isolates, 148 (41%) from human blood, 211 (59%) from human stool, and 136 (43%) from animal stool.•Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the common serovars in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively.•The majority of AMR isolates were associated with human blood.•NTS from animals does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antimicrobial resistance</subject><subject>Bacteremia</subject><subject>Bacterial Zoonoses - epidemiology</subject><subject>Chickens - virology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Disease Transmission, Infectious - veterinary</subject><subject>Disease Vectors</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects</subject><subject>Ducks - virology</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subject>Life Sciences &amp; 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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. We retrospectively combined and analyzed 672 NTS human and animal isolates from four studies in southern Vietnam and compared serovars, sequence types (ST), and AMR profiles. We generated a population structure of circulating organisms and aimed to attribute sources of AMR in NTS causing invasive and noninvasive disease in humans using Bayesian multinomial mixture models. Among 672 NTS isolates, 148 (22%) originated from human blood, 211 (31%) from human stool, and 313 (47%) from animal stool. The distribution of serovars, STs, and AMR profiles differed among sources; serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the most common in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively. We identified an association between the source of NTS and AMR profile; the majority of AMR isolates were isolated from human blood (p &lt; 0.001). Modelling by ST-AMR profile found chickens and pigs were likely the major sources of AMR NTS in human blood and stool, respectively; but unsampled sources were found to be a major contributor. Antimicrobial use in food animals is hypothesized to play role in the emergence of AMR in human pathogens. Our cross-sectional population-based approach suggests a significant overlap between AMR in NTS in animals and humans, but animal NTS does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. •The major source(s) of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are unknown.•We analyzed 672 NTS isolates, 148 (41%) from human blood, 211 (59%) from human stool, and 136 (43%) from animal stool.•Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the common serovars in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively.•The majority of AMR isolates were associated with human blood.•NTS from animals does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections.</abstract><cop>AMSTERDAM</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>32920195</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104534</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-5755</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-8890</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antimicrobial resistance
Bacteremia
Bacterial Zoonoses - epidemiology
Chickens - virology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diarrhea
Disease Transmission, Infectious - veterinary
Disease Vectors
Drug Resistance, Bacterial - drug effects
Ducks - virology
Genetic Variation
Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Nontyphoidal Salmonella
Retrospective Studies
Rodentia - virology
Salmonella Infections - drug therapy
Salmonella Infections - epidemiology
Salmonella Infections - transmission
Salmonella typhimurium - drug effects
Science & Technology
Serogroup
Swine - virology
Vietnam - epidemiology
Zoonosis
title The role of animals as a source of antimicrobial resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella causing invasive and non-invasive human disease in Vietnam
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