Structural basis of heterotetrameric assembly and disease mutations in the human cis-prenyltransferase complex

The human cis -prenyltransferase (h cis -PT) is an enzymatic complex essential for protein N-glycosylation. Synthesizing the precursor of the glycosyl carrier dolichol-phosphate, mutations in h cis -PT cause severe human diseases. Here, we reveal that h cis -PT exhibits a heterotetrameric assembly in solution, consisting of two catalytic dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) and inactive Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) heterodimers. Importantly, the 2.3 Å crystal structure reveals that the tetramer assembles via the DHDDS C-termini as a dimer-of-heterodimers. Moreover, the distal C-terminus of NgBR transverses across the interface with DHDDS, directly participating in active-site formation and the functional coupling between the subunits. Finally, we explored the functional consequences of disease mutations clustered around the active-site, and in combination with molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a mechanism for h cis -PT dysfunction in retinitis pigmentosa. Together, our structure of the h cis -PT complex unveils the dolichol synthesis mechanism and its perturbation in disease. The human cis -prenyltransferase (h cis -PT) complex synthesizes the precursor of the glycosyl carrier dolichol-phosphate and as such it is essential for protein N-glycosylation. The crystal structure of the complex reveals unusual tetrameric architecture and provides insights into dolichol synthesis mechanism and functional consequences of disease-associated h cis -PT mutations.