Evaluating the potential of electrolysed water for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses
BACKGROUND The largest and most profitable market for citrus is the production of fresh fruit. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a Gram‐negative plant pathogen and the etiological agent of citrus canker, one of the major threats to citrus production worldwide. In the early stages of infection, X. ci...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2021-04, Vol.101 (6), p.2584-2591 |
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creator | Dilarri, Guilherme Zamuner, Caio FC Mendes, Carolina R Junior, José RM Morão, Luana G Montagnolli, Renato N Bidoia, Ederio D Ferreira, Henrique |
description | BACKGROUND
The largest and most profitable market for citrus is the production of fresh fruit. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a Gram‐negative plant pathogen and the etiological agent of citrus canker, one of the major threats to citrus production worldwide. In the early stages of infection, X. citri can attach to plant surfaces by means of biofilms. Biofilm is considered an essential virulence factor, which helps tissue colonization in plants. Thus, sanitization of citrus fruit is mandatory in packinghouses before any logistic operation as packing and shipment to the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrolysed water (EW) as a sanitizer for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses.
RESULTS
Using a protocol to monitor cell respiration we show that EW, obtained after 8 and 9 min of electrolysis, sufficed to kill X. citri when applied at a concentration of 500 μL mL−1. Furthermore, microscopy analysis, combined with time‐response growth curves, confirmed that EW affects the bacterial cytoplasmatic membrane and it leads to cell death in the first few minutes of contact. Pathogenicity tests using limes to simulate packinghouse treatment showed that EW, produced with 9 min of electrolysis, was a very effective sanitizer capable of eliminating X. citri from contaminated fruit.
CONCLUSION
It was possible to conclude that EW is significantly effective as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at 200 ppm. Therefore, EW could be an alternative for citrus sanitization in packinghouses. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jsfa.10888 |
format | Article |
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The largest and most profitable market for citrus is the production of fresh fruit. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a Gram‐negative plant pathogen and the etiological agent of citrus canker, one of the major threats to citrus production worldwide. In the early stages of infection, X. citri can attach to plant surfaces by means of biofilms. Biofilm is considered an essential virulence factor, which helps tissue colonization in plants. Thus, sanitization of citrus fruit is mandatory in packinghouses before any logistic operation as packing and shipment to the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrolysed water (EW) as a sanitizer for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses.
RESULTS
Using a protocol to monitor cell respiration we show that EW, obtained after 8 and 9 min of electrolysis, sufficed to kill X. citri when applied at a concentration of 500 μL mL−1. Furthermore, microscopy analysis, combined with time‐response growth curves, confirmed that EW affects the bacterial cytoplasmatic membrane and it leads to cell death in the first few minutes of contact. Pathogenicity tests using limes to simulate packinghouse treatment showed that EW, produced with 9 min of electrolysis, was a very effective sanitizer capable of eliminating X. citri from contaminated fruit.
CONCLUSION
It was possible to conclude that EW is significantly effective as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at 200 ppm. Therefore, EW could be an alternative for citrus sanitization in packinghouses. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10888</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33063337</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary ; Biofilms ; Biofilms - drug effects ; Canker ; Cell death ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Applied ; Citrus - drug effects ; Citrus - microbiology ; Citrus fruits ; Colonization ; Disinfectants - chemistry ; Disinfectants - pharmacology ; Disinfection ; Disinfection - instrumentation ; Disinfection - methods ; electrolysed water ; Electrolysis ; Etiology ; Food Science & Technology ; Fruit - drug effects ; Fruit - microbiology ; Fruits ; Growth curves ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; lime ; membrane permeabilization ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Physical Sciences ; Plant Diseases - microbiology ; Plant Diseases - prevention & control ; Plant tissues ; sanitizer ; Sanitizers ; Science & Technology ; Sodium hypochlorite ; Virulence ; Virulence factors ; Water - chemistry ; Water - pharmacology ; Water treatment ; Xanthomonas - drug effects ; Xanthomonas - growth & development ; Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri</subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2021-04, Vol.101 (6), p.2584-2591</ispartof><rights>2020 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><rights>2020 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>5</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000583506800001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3578-57f4e438a7b70e422c42aa2130378b1eaf09d44aacd8311fa3d02b71977ec193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3578-57f4e438a7b70e422c42aa2130378b1eaf09d44aacd8311fa3d02b71977ec193</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2625-7392 ; 0000-0002-9183-9420 ; 0000-0003-3801-9631</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjsfa.10888$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjsfa.10888$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,1419,27931,27932,39265,45581,45582</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063337$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dilarri, Guilherme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zamuner, Caio FC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendes, Carolina R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Junior, José RM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morão, Luana G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montagnolli, Renato N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bidoia, Ederio D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Henrique</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluating the potential of electrolysed water for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J SCI FOOD AGR</addtitle><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND
The largest and most profitable market for citrus is the production of fresh fruit. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a Gram‐negative plant pathogen and the etiological agent of citrus canker, one of the major threats to citrus production worldwide. In the early stages of infection, X. citri can attach to plant surfaces by means of biofilms. Biofilm is considered an essential virulence factor, which helps tissue colonization in plants. Thus, sanitization of citrus fruit is mandatory in packinghouses before any logistic operation as packing and shipment to the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrolysed water (EW) as a sanitizer for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses.
RESULTS
Using a protocol to monitor cell respiration we show that EW, obtained after 8 and 9 min of electrolysis, sufficed to kill X. citri when applied at a concentration of 500 μL mL−1. Furthermore, microscopy analysis, combined with time‐response growth curves, confirmed that EW affects the bacterial cytoplasmatic membrane and it leads to cell death in the first few minutes of contact. Pathogenicity tests using limes to simulate packinghouse treatment showed that EW, produced with 9 min of electrolysis, was a very effective sanitizer capable of eliminating X. citri from contaminated fruit.
CONCLUSION
It was possible to conclude that EW is significantly effective as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at 200 ppm. Therefore, EW could be an alternative for citrus sanitization in packinghouses. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agriculture, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Biofilms - drug effects</subject><subject>Canker</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry, Applied</subject><subject>Citrus - drug effects</subject><subject>Citrus - microbiology</subject><subject>Citrus fruits</subject><subject>Colonization</subject><subject>Disinfectants - chemistry</subject><subject>Disinfectants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Disinfection - instrumentation</subject><subject>Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>electrolysed water</subject><subject>Electrolysis</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Food Science & Technology</subject><subject>Fruit - drug effects</subject><subject>Fruit - microbiology</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Growth curves</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>lime</subject><subject>membrane permeabilization</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>Plant tissues</subject><subject>sanitizer</subject><subject>Sanitizers</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Sodium hypochlorite</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virulence factors</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Water - pharmacology</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>Xanthomonas - drug effects</subject><subject>Xanthomonas - growth & development</subject><subject>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri</subject><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0U1v1DAQBmALgehSuPADkCUuCBQYf2TtHKtVy4cqcaB3y3HG1Es2XmyHav89TnfpgQPi5JHmmdHoNSEvGbxnAPzDNntbK631I7Ji0KkGgMFjsqpN3rRM8jPyLOctAHTdev2UnAkBayGEWpHh8pcdZ1vC9J2WW6T7WHAqwY40eoojupLieMg40DtbMFEf070bQg6Tr-0Qp4W6UNKcqU9zKDRMdG_dj7rzNs4Z83PyxNsx44vTe05uri5vNp-a668fP28urhsnWqWbVnmJUmiregUoOXeSW8uZAKF0z9B66AYprXWDFox5KwbgvWKdUuhYJ87Jm-PafYo_Z8zF7EJ2OI52wnqH4bJlumWqayt9_RfdxjlN9TjDW2BaMyUX9faoXIo5J_Rmn8LOpoNhYJbozRK9uY--4lenlXO_w-GB_sm6An0Ed9hHn13AyeEDq5_TatHCWtcK2CYUu2S7ifNU6ui7_x-tmp10GPHwj5vNl29XF8frfwPH-a9v</recordid><startdate>202104</startdate><enddate>202104</enddate><creator>Dilarri, Guilherme</creator><creator>Zamuner, Caio FC</creator><creator>Mendes, Carolina R</creator><creator>Junior, José RM</creator><creator>Morão, Luana G</creator><creator>Montagnolli, Renato N</creator><creator>Bidoia, Ederio D</creator><creator>Ferreira, Henrique</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><general>John Wiley and Sons, Limited</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-7392</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-9420</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9631</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202104</creationdate><title>Evaluating the potential of electrolysed water for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses</title><author>Dilarri, Guilherme ; Zamuner, Caio FC ; Mendes, Carolina R ; Junior, José RM ; Morão, Luana G ; Montagnolli, Renato N ; Bidoia, Ederio D ; Ferreira, Henrique</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3578-57f4e438a7b70e422c42aa2130378b1eaf09d44aacd8311fa3d02b71977ec193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Agriculture, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Biofilms - drug effects</topic><topic>Canker</topic><topic>Cell death</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry, Applied</topic><topic>Citrus - drug effects</topic><topic>Citrus - microbiology</topic><topic>Citrus fruits</topic><topic>Colonization</topic><topic>Disinfectants - chemistry</topic><topic>Disinfectants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Disinfection - instrumentation</topic><topic>Disinfection - methods</topic><topic>electrolysed water</topic><topic>Electrolysis</topic><topic>Etiology</topic><topic>Food Science & Technology</topic><topic>Fruit - drug effects</topic><topic>Fruit - microbiology</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Growth curves</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>lime</topic><topic>membrane permeabilization</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - microbiology</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - prevention & control</topic><topic>Plant tissues</topic><topic>sanitizer</topic><topic>Sanitizers</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Sodium hypochlorite</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Virulence factors</topic><topic>Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Water - pharmacology</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>Xanthomonas - drug effects</topic><topic>Xanthomonas - growth & development</topic><topic>Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dilarri, Guilherme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zamuner, Caio FC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendes, Carolina R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Junior, José RM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morão, Luana G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montagnolli, Renato N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bidoia, Ederio D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Henrique</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dilarri, Guilherme</au><au>Zamuner, Caio FC</au><au>Mendes, Carolina R</au><au>Junior, José RM</au><au>Morão, Luana G</au><au>Montagnolli, Renato N</au><au>Bidoia, Ederio D</au><au>Ferreira, Henrique</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluating the potential of electrolysed water for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle><stitle>J SCI FOOD AGR</stitle><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><date>2021-04</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>101</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2584</spage><epage>2591</epage><pages>2584-2591</pages><issn>0022-5142</issn><eissn>1097-0010</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND
The largest and most profitable market for citrus is the production of fresh fruit. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a Gram‐negative plant pathogen and the etiological agent of citrus canker, one of the major threats to citrus production worldwide. In the early stages of infection, X. citri can attach to plant surfaces by means of biofilms. Biofilm is considered an essential virulence factor, which helps tissue colonization in plants. Thus, sanitization of citrus fruit is mandatory in packinghouses before any logistic operation as packing and shipment to the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrolysed water (EW) as a sanitizer for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses.
RESULTS
Using a protocol to monitor cell respiration we show that EW, obtained after 8 and 9 min of electrolysis, sufficed to kill X. citri when applied at a concentration of 500 μL mL−1. Furthermore, microscopy analysis, combined with time‐response growth curves, confirmed that EW affects the bacterial cytoplasmatic membrane and it leads to cell death in the first few minutes of contact. Pathogenicity tests using limes to simulate packinghouse treatment showed that EW, produced with 9 min of electrolysis, was a very effective sanitizer capable of eliminating X. citri from contaminated fruit.
CONCLUSION
It was possible to conclude that EW is significantly effective as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at 200 ppm. Therefore, EW could be an alternative for citrus sanitization in packinghouses. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>33063337</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.10888</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-7392</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-9420</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9631</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agriculture Agriculture, Multidisciplinary Biofilms Biofilms - drug effects Canker Cell death Chemistry Chemistry, Applied Citrus - drug effects Citrus - microbiology Citrus fruits Colonization Disinfectants - chemistry Disinfectants - pharmacology Disinfection Disinfection - instrumentation Disinfection - methods electrolysed water Electrolysis Etiology Food Science & Technology Fruit - drug effects Fruit - microbiology Fruits Growth curves Life Sciences & Biomedicine lime membrane permeabilization Pathogenicity Pathogens Physical Sciences Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant Diseases - prevention & control Plant tissues sanitizer Sanitizers Science & Technology Sodium hypochlorite Virulence Virulence factors Water - chemistry Water - pharmacology Water treatment Xanthomonas - drug effects Xanthomonas - growth & development Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri |
title | Evaluating the potential of electrolysed water for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses |
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