Urgency longterm oil sludge biophytoremediation: Acute, subchronic toxicity on liver and kidney rats

Urgency an acute and sub-chronic toxicity assay of the 14.5 and 30 months process of long terms oily sludge bio-phytoremediation, to find out whether the toxic content is safe for the environment. This study was carried out in Wistar rats. Acute toxicity assays were performed based on the protocol from OECD 425 in 2008 with modification. In the acute toxicity study, five female rats (260 ± 10 g) were each administered a dual oral dose (2000 and 5000 mg/kg) of the 14.5 and 30 months process oily sludge bio-phytoremediation and observed for signs of acute toxicity for 14 days. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, between 6200–16000 mg/kg was administered to sets of 6 Wistar rats daily for 14 days. Each set consisted of 6 females (260 ± 10 g). The parameters observed consist of animal mortality, changes in body weight, hepatocyte and tubular histological abnormalities damage levels. Probit analysis showed that LD50 from 14.5 and 30 months oil sludge extract was 9,785.184 mg/kg BW which is categorized as slightly toxic. While the results of this study indicate the value of LD50 is 16,982 mg/kg BW with categorized non-toxic. Histological studies of liver and kidney that is hepatocyte and tubular tissues were also performed, the hepatic parenchyma and a sinusoidal stasis at the end of 14 days. The results showed that the acute and subchronic toxicity studies of the 14.5 months the 14.5 and 30 months provide information on the evaluation approach when bioremediation used as an alternative method to restore the oil-contaminated soil. The result of 30 months of bio-phytoremediation oily sludge to histological showed the LD50 of oil sludge extract from phytoremediation was 16.982 mg/kg BW and could be categorized as non-toxic. Additionally, our observation revealed that the oil sludge extract from phytoremediation affects the histological structure of the liver of rats (R. norwegicus) such as dilation in central veins and increasing percentage number of hepatic necrosis. •In Indonesia, oil sludge derived from the petroleum industries is categorized as a hazardous and toxic waste (LB3) and registered with code A307-1 (National Regulation No. 101/2014). One of the alternative technology to treat oil sludge waste is by using bioremediation technology (Ministry of Environment Republic of Indonesia’ decree (MENLH) Decree No 128/2003).•Phytoremediation is Green Sustainable Technology for Industrial Waste Management. Phytoremediation of oil sludge for 14.5 and 30 months show