A GIS-Based Approach to Inform Agriculture-Water-Energy Nexus Planning in the North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS)
The North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) is a vital groundwater source in a notably water-scarce region. However, impetuous agricultural expansion and poor resource management (e.g., over-irrigation, inefficient techniques) over the past decades have raised a number of challenges. In this exp...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2020-09, Vol.12 (17), p.7043, Article 7043 |
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| creator | Almulla, Youssef Ramirez, Camilo Pegios, Konstantinos Korkovelos, Alexandros Strasser, Lucia de Lipponen, Annukka Howells, Mark |
| description | The North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) is a vital groundwater source in a notably water-scarce region. However, impetuous agricultural expansion and poor resource management (e.g., over-irrigation, inefficient techniques) over the past decades have raised a number of challenges. In this exploratory study, we introduce an open access GIS-based model to help answer selected timely questions related to the agriculture, water and energy nexus in the region. First, the model uses spatial and tabular data to identify the location and extent of irrigated cropland. Then, it employs spatially explicit climatic datasets and mathematical formulation to estimate water and electricity requirements for groundwater irrigation in all identified locations. Finally, it evaluates selected supply options to meet the electricity demand and suggests the least-cost configuration in each location. Results indicate that full irrigation in the basin requires similar to 3.25 billion million m(3)per year. This translates to similar to 730 GWh of electricity. Fossil fuels do provide the least-cost electricity supply option due to lower capital and subsidized operating costs. Hence, to improve the competitiveness of renewable technologies (RT) (i.e., solar), a support scheme to drop the capital cost of RTs is critically needed. Finally, moving towards drip irrigation can lead to similar to 47% of water abstraction savings in the NWSAS area. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su12177043 |
| format | Article |
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However, impetuous agricultural expansion and poor resource management (e.g., over-irrigation, inefficient techniques) over the past decades have raised a number of challenges. In this exploratory study, we introduce an open access GIS-based model to help answer selected timely questions related to the agriculture, water and energy nexus in the region. First, the model uses spatial and tabular data to identify the location and extent of irrigated cropland. Then, it employs spatially explicit climatic datasets and mathematical formulation to estimate water and electricity requirements for groundwater irrigation in all identified locations. Finally, it evaluates selected supply options to meet the electricity demand and suggests the least-cost configuration in each location. Results indicate that full irrigation in the basin requires similar to 3.25 billion million m(3)per year. This translates to similar to 730 GWh of electricity. Fossil fuels do provide the least-cost electricity supply option due to lower capital and subsidized operating costs. Hence, to improve the competitiveness of renewable technologies (RT) (i.e., solar), a support scheme to drop the capital cost of RTs is critically needed. Finally, moving towards drip irrigation can lead to similar to 47% of water abstraction savings in the NWSAS area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su12177043</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Agricultural economics ; Agricultural land ; Agricultural management ; Agriculture ; Aquifer systems ; Aquifers ; Competitiveness ; Decision making ; Drip irrigation ; Electric power demand ; Electricity ; Electricity consumption ; energy ; Energy industry ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Environmental Studies ; Food ; Geographic information systems ; GIS ; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology ; Groundwater ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; nexus ; NWSAS ; Observatories ; Operating costs ; Renewable energy technologies ; Resource management ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Subsidies ; Surface water ; Sustainable development ; water ; Water conservation ; Water quality]]></subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2020-09, Vol.12 (17), p.7043, Article 7043</ispartof><rights>2020. 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Fossil fuels do provide the least-cost electricity supply option due to lower capital and subsidized operating costs. Hence, to improve the competitiveness of renewable technologies (RT) (i.e., solar), a support scheme to drop the capital cost of RTs is critically needed. 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However, impetuous agricultural expansion and poor resource management (e.g., over-irrigation, inefficient techniques) over the past decades have raised a number of challenges. In this exploratory study, we introduce an open access GIS-based model to help answer selected timely questions related to the agriculture, water and energy nexus in the region. First, the model uses spatial and tabular data to identify the location and extent of irrigated cropland. Then, it employs spatially explicit climatic datasets and mathematical formulation to estimate water and electricity requirements for groundwater irrigation in all identified locations. Finally, it evaluates selected supply options to meet the electricity demand and suggests the least-cost configuration in each location. Results indicate that full irrigation in the basin requires similar to 3.25 billion million m(3)per year. This translates to similar to 730 GWh of electricity. Fossil fuels do provide the least-cost electricity supply option due to lower capital and subsidized operating costs. Hence, to improve the competitiveness of renewable technologies (RT) (i.e., solar), a support scheme to drop the capital cost of RTs is critically needed. Finally, moving towards drip irrigation can lead to similar to 47% of water abstraction savings in the NWSAS area.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><doi>10.3390/su12177043</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-8610</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7217-3838</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-1002</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-4957</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural economics Agricultural land Agricultural management Agriculture Aquifer systems Aquifers Competitiveness Decision making Drip irrigation Electric power demand Electricity Electricity consumption energy Energy industry Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Environmental Studies Food Geographic information systems GIS Green & Sustainable Science & Technology Groundwater Groundwater irrigation Irrigation Life Sciences & Biomedicine nexus NWSAS Observatories Operating costs Renewable energy technologies Resource management Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Subsidies Surface water Sustainable development water Water conservation Water quality |
| title | A GIS-Based Approach to Inform Agriculture-Water-Energy Nexus Planning in the North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) |
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