Boesenbergia rotunda extract inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation by pinostrobin and pinocembrin
Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Zingiberaceae) is an indigenous plant of Southeast Asia. Based on ethnopharmacological use, the rhizome is recommended in the treatment of stomachache, leukoplakia, abscesses, and leukorrhea in Thailand primary health care system. Candida albicans often causes leuko...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of ethnopharmacology 2020-10, Vol.261, p.113193, Article 113193 |
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| creator | Kanchanapiboon, Jamras Kongsa, Ubonphan Pattamadilok, Duangpen Kamponchaidet, Sunisa Wachisunthon, Detmontree Poonsatha, Subhadhcha Tuntoaw, Sasiwan |
| description | Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Zingiberaceae) is an indigenous plant of Southeast Asia. Based on ethnopharmacological use, the rhizome is recommended in the treatment of stomachache, leukoplakia, abscesses, and leukorrhea in Thailand primary health care system. Candida albicans often causes leukorrhea, and infection of many mucosal sites. Its infection leads to serious illness.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of the B. rotunda rhizome on C. albicans ATCC10231 in the stages of planktonic and biofilm formation and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
The chemical composition of the extract was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The planktonic growth of C. albicans was evaluated by the microdilution method, following EUCAST guidelines. For each stage of biofilm formation, the biofilm was assessed by the MTT assay. The biofilm structure was examined under a light microscope. The degree of cell surface hydrophobicity was measured. The mRNA levels of ALS1, ALS3, and ACT1 were determined by RT-qPCR.
The extract of B. rotunda consisted of 25% (w/w) pinostrobin and 12% (w/w) pinocembrin. All stages of C. albicans biofilm formation were significantly inhibited by the extract, whereas the planktonic growth did not change. Biofilm development greatly decreased due to the extract in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 17.7 μg/mL. Pinostrobin and pinocembrin demonstrated inhibitory effects during this stage. These results were in accordance with the microscopic evaluation. The filamentous form decreased with pinocembrin rather than pinostrobin. Moreover, the cell surface hydrophobicity was significantly decreased by 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL of the extract and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ALS3 mRNA level was noticeably decreased by 12.5 μg/mL of the extract, 100 μM of pinostrobin, and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ACT1 mRNA level decreased significantly with pinocembrin. However, the ALS1 mRNA level was not altered following all treatments.
The ethanolic extract of B. rotunda could inhibit biofilm formation of C. albicans, especially during the biofilm development stage, by means of reducing the cell surface hydrophobicity and suppressing the ALS3 mRNA expression. Pinocembrin had a stronger effect on ALS3 mRNA expression than pinostrobin. Only pinocembrin significantly decreased the ACT1 mRNA level.
[Display omitted]
•Biofilm formation of C. albicans was inhibited with the B. rotunda extract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113193 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>pubmed_webof</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_webofscience_primary_000566342400007</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0378874120330750</els_id><sourcerecordid>32730867</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-c4c987a1336b74d950fa7a4d7ed61e90c707cde86308d03926c4c1ec64ee4b693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkE1vFCEYgEmjsWv1B3gx3M2uMLAwE086aW2TJl70TPh4p303O7ABVu2_l-3UHo0XyBueh8BDyDvONpxx9XG32cFh07GuzVzwQZyRFe91t9ZbLV6QFRO6X_da8nPyupQdY0xzyV6Rc9FpwXqlV-TuS4IC0UG-Q0tzqscYLIXfNVtfKcZ7dFgLHW0M2A7s3qG3sVCHacL9TKeUZ1sxReoe6AFjKjUnh5E24XH2MLuM8Q15Odl9gbdP-wX5cXX5fbxe3377ejN-vl17yYfaVj_02nIhlNMyDFs2WW1l0BAUh4F5zbQP0Kv2_MDE0KlmcPBKAkinBnFB-HKvz6mUDJM5ZJxtfjCcmVM0szMtmjlFM0u05rxfnMPRzRCejb-VGtAvwC9waSoeIXp4xlrWrVJCdpKdCo9YH4OM6RhrUz_8v9roTwsNLdFPhGyejIAZfDUh4T_-8Qc72p-S</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Boesenbergia rotunda extract inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation by pinostrobin and pinocembrin</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>Kanchanapiboon, Jamras ; Kongsa, Ubonphan ; Pattamadilok, Duangpen ; Kamponchaidet, Sunisa ; Wachisunthon, Detmontree ; Poonsatha, Subhadhcha ; Tuntoaw, Sasiwan</creator><creatorcontrib>Kanchanapiboon, Jamras ; Kongsa, Ubonphan ; Pattamadilok, Duangpen ; Kamponchaidet, Sunisa ; Wachisunthon, Detmontree ; Poonsatha, Subhadhcha ; Tuntoaw, Sasiwan</creatorcontrib><description>Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Zingiberaceae) is an indigenous plant of Southeast Asia. Based on ethnopharmacological use, the rhizome is recommended in the treatment of stomachache, leukoplakia, abscesses, and leukorrhea in Thailand primary health care system. Candida albicans often causes leukorrhea, and infection of many mucosal sites. Its infection leads to serious illness.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of the B. rotunda rhizome on C. albicans ATCC10231 in the stages of planktonic and biofilm formation and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
The chemical composition of the extract was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The planktonic growth of C. albicans was evaluated by the microdilution method, following EUCAST guidelines. For each stage of biofilm formation, the biofilm was assessed by the MTT assay. The biofilm structure was examined under a light microscope. The degree of cell surface hydrophobicity was measured. The mRNA levels of ALS1, ALS3, and ACT1 were determined by RT-qPCR.
The extract of B. rotunda consisted of 25% (w/w) pinostrobin and 12% (w/w) pinocembrin. All stages of C. albicans biofilm formation were significantly inhibited by the extract, whereas the planktonic growth did not change. Biofilm development greatly decreased due to the extract in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 17.7 μg/mL. Pinostrobin and pinocembrin demonstrated inhibitory effects during this stage. These results were in accordance with the microscopic evaluation. The filamentous form decreased with pinocembrin rather than pinostrobin. Moreover, the cell surface hydrophobicity was significantly decreased by 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL of the extract and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ALS3 mRNA level was noticeably decreased by 12.5 μg/mL of the extract, 100 μM of pinostrobin, and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ACT1 mRNA level decreased significantly with pinocembrin. However, the ALS1 mRNA level was not altered following all treatments.
The ethanolic extract of B. rotunda could inhibit biofilm formation of C. albicans, especially during the biofilm development stage, by means of reducing the cell surface hydrophobicity and suppressing the ALS3 mRNA expression. Pinocembrin had a stronger effect on ALS3 mRNA expression than pinostrobin. Only pinocembrin significantly decreased the ACT1 mRNA level.
[Display omitted]
•Biofilm formation of C. albicans was inhibited with the B. rotunda extract.•The ethanolic extract consisted of 25% (w/w) pinostrobin and 12% (w/w) pinocembrin.•All treatments dose-dependently suppressed the biofilm development stage.•Possible mechanism might involve in reducing ALS3 mRNA expression of C. albicans.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-8741</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7573</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113193</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32730867</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>CLARE: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Actins - genetics ; Actins - metabolism ; Amphotericin B - pharmacology ; Antifungal ; Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification ; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology ; Biofilm formation ; Biofilms - drug effects ; Biofilms - growth & development ; Boesenbergia rotunda ; Candida albicans ; Candida albicans - drug effects ; Candida albicans - genetics ; Candida albicans - growth & development ; Chemistry, Medicinal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flavanones - isolation & purification ; Flavanones - pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; Fungal Proteins - genetics ; Fungal Proteins - metabolism ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Integrative & Complementary Medicine ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Pharmacology & Pharmacy ; Plant Sciences ; Science & Technology ; Zingiberaceae - chemistry]]></subject><ispartof>Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2020-10, Vol.261, p.113193, Article 113193</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>29</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000566342400007</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-c4c987a1336b74d950fa7a4d7ed61e90c707cde86308d03926c4c1ec64ee4b693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-c4c987a1336b74d950fa7a4d7ed61e90c707cde86308d03926c4c1ec64ee4b693</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113193$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,3551,27929,27930,28253,46000</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32730867$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kanchanapiboon, Jamras</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kongsa, Ubonphan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pattamadilok, Duangpen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamponchaidet, Sunisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wachisunthon, Detmontree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poonsatha, Subhadhcha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuntoaw, Sasiwan</creatorcontrib><title>Boesenbergia rotunda extract inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation by pinostrobin and pinocembrin</title><title>Journal of ethnopharmacology</title><addtitle>J ETHNOPHARMACOL</addtitle><addtitle>J Ethnopharmacol</addtitle><description>Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Zingiberaceae) is an indigenous plant of Southeast Asia. Based on ethnopharmacological use, the rhizome is recommended in the treatment of stomachache, leukoplakia, abscesses, and leukorrhea in Thailand primary health care system. Candida albicans often causes leukorrhea, and infection of many mucosal sites. Its infection leads to serious illness.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of the B. rotunda rhizome on C. albicans ATCC10231 in the stages of planktonic and biofilm formation and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
The chemical composition of the extract was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The planktonic growth of C. albicans was evaluated by the microdilution method, following EUCAST guidelines. For each stage of biofilm formation, the biofilm was assessed by the MTT assay. The biofilm structure was examined under a light microscope. The degree of cell surface hydrophobicity was measured. The mRNA levels of ALS1, ALS3, and ACT1 were determined by RT-qPCR.
The extract of B. rotunda consisted of 25% (w/w) pinostrobin and 12% (w/w) pinocembrin. All stages of C. albicans biofilm formation were significantly inhibited by the extract, whereas the planktonic growth did not change. Biofilm development greatly decreased due to the extract in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 17.7 μg/mL. Pinostrobin and pinocembrin demonstrated inhibitory effects during this stage. These results were in accordance with the microscopic evaluation. The filamentous form decreased with pinocembrin rather than pinostrobin. Moreover, the cell surface hydrophobicity was significantly decreased by 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL of the extract and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ALS3 mRNA level was noticeably decreased by 12.5 μg/mL of the extract, 100 μM of pinostrobin, and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ACT1 mRNA level decreased significantly with pinocembrin. However, the ALS1 mRNA level was not altered following all treatments.
The ethanolic extract of B. rotunda could inhibit biofilm formation of C. albicans, especially during the biofilm development stage, by means of reducing the cell surface hydrophobicity and suppressing the ALS3 mRNA expression. Pinocembrin had a stronger effect on ALS3 mRNA expression than pinostrobin. Only pinocembrin significantly decreased the ACT1 mRNA level.
[Display omitted]
•Biofilm formation of C. albicans was inhibited with the B. rotunda extract.•The ethanolic extract consisted of 25% (w/w) pinostrobin and 12% (w/w) pinocembrin.•All treatments dose-dependently suppressed the biofilm development stage.•Possible mechanism might involve in reducing ALS3 mRNA expression of C. albicans.</description><subject>Actins - genetics</subject><subject>Actins - metabolism</subject><subject>Amphotericin B - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antifungal</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biofilm formation</subject><subject>Biofilms - drug effects</subject><subject>Biofilms - growth & development</subject><subject>Boesenbergia rotunda</subject><subject>Candida albicans</subject><subject>Candida albicans - drug effects</subject><subject>Candida albicans - genetics</subject><subject>Candida albicans - growth & development</subject><subject>Chemistry, Medicinal</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Flavanones - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Flavanones - pharmacology</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal</subject><subject>Integrative & Complementary Medicine</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Pharmacology & Pharmacy</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Zingiberaceae - chemistry</subject><issn>0378-8741</issn><issn>1872-7573</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE1vFCEYgEmjsWv1B3gx3M2uMLAwE086aW2TJl70TPh4p303O7ABVu2_l-3UHo0XyBueh8BDyDvONpxx9XG32cFh07GuzVzwQZyRFe91t9ZbLV6QFRO6X_da8nPyupQdY0xzyV6Rc9FpwXqlV-TuS4IC0UG-Q0tzqscYLIXfNVtfKcZ7dFgLHW0M2A7s3qG3sVCHacL9TKeUZ1sxReoe6AFjKjUnh5E24XH2MLuM8Q15Odl9gbdP-wX5cXX5fbxe3377ejN-vl17yYfaVj_02nIhlNMyDFs2WW1l0BAUh4F5zbQP0Kv2_MDE0KlmcPBKAkinBnFB-HKvz6mUDJM5ZJxtfjCcmVM0szMtmjlFM0u05rxfnMPRzRCejb-VGtAvwC9waSoeIXp4xlrWrVJCdpKdCo9YH4OM6RhrUz_8v9roTwsNLdFPhGyejIAZfDUh4T_-8Qc72p-S</recordid><startdate>20201028</startdate><enddate>20201028</enddate><creator>Kanchanapiboon, Jamras</creator><creator>Kongsa, Ubonphan</creator><creator>Pattamadilok, Duangpen</creator><creator>Kamponchaidet, Sunisa</creator><creator>Wachisunthon, Detmontree</creator><creator>Poonsatha, Subhadhcha</creator><creator>Tuntoaw, Sasiwan</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20201028</creationdate><title>Boesenbergia rotunda extract inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation by pinostrobin and pinocembrin</title><author>Kanchanapiboon, Jamras ; Kongsa, Ubonphan ; Pattamadilok, Duangpen ; Kamponchaidet, Sunisa ; Wachisunthon, Detmontree ; Poonsatha, Subhadhcha ; Tuntoaw, Sasiwan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-c4c987a1336b74d950fa7a4d7ed61e90c707cde86308d03926c4c1ec64ee4b693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Actins - genetics</topic><topic>Actins - metabolism</topic><topic>Amphotericin B - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antifungal</topic><topic>Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Biofilm formation</topic><topic>Biofilms - drug effects</topic><topic>Biofilms - growth & development</topic><topic>Boesenbergia rotunda</topic><topic>Candida albicans</topic><topic>Candida albicans - drug effects</topic><topic>Candida albicans - genetics</topic><topic>Candida albicans - growth & development</topic><topic>Chemistry, Medicinal</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Flavanones - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Flavanones - pharmacology</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal</topic><topic>Integrative & Complementary Medicine</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Pharmacology & Pharmacy</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Zingiberaceae - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kanchanapiboon, Jamras</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kongsa, Ubonphan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pattamadilok, Duangpen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamponchaidet, Sunisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wachisunthon, Detmontree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poonsatha, Subhadhcha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuntoaw, Sasiwan</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of ethnopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kanchanapiboon, Jamras</au><au>Kongsa, Ubonphan</au><au>Pattamadilok, Duangpen</au><au>Kamponchaidet, Sunisa</au><au>Wachisunthon, Detmontree</au><au>Poonsatha, Subhadhcha</au><au>Tuntoaw, Sasiwan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Boesenbergia rotunda extract inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation by pinostrobin and pinocembrin</atitle><jtitle>Journal of ethnopharmacology</jtitle><stitle>J ETHNOPHARMACOL</stitle><addtitle>J Ethnopharmacol</addtitle><date>2020-10-28</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>261</volume><spage>113193</spage><pages>113193-</pages><artnum>113193</artnum><issn>0378-8741</issn><eissn>1872-7573</eissn><abstract>Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Zingiberaceae) is an indigenous plant of Southeast Asia. Based on ethnopharmacological use, the rhizome is recommended in the treatment of stomachache, leukoplakia, abscesses, and leukorrhea in Thailand primary health care system. Candida albicans often causes leukorrhea, and infection of many mucosal sites. Its infection leads to serious illness.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of the B. rotunda rhizome on C. albicans ATCC10231 in the stages of planktonic and biofilm formation and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
The chemical composition of the extract was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The planktonic growth of C. albicans was evaluated by the microdilution method, following EUCAST guidelines. For each stage of biofilm formation, the biofilm was assessed by the MTT assay. The biofilm structure was examined under a light microscope. The degree of cell surface hydrophobicity was measured. The mRNA levels of ALS1, ALS3, and ACT1 were determined by RT-qPCR.
The extract of B. rotunda consisted of 25% (w/w) pinostrobin and 12% (w/w) pinocembrin. All stages of C. albicans biofilm formation were significantly inhibited by the extract, whereas the planktonic growth did not change. Biofilm development greatly decreased due to the extract in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 17.7 μg/mL. Pinostrobin and pinocembrin demonstrated inhibitory effects during this stage. These results were in accordance with the microscopic evaluation. The filamentous form decreased with pinocembrin rather than pinostrobin. Moreover, the cell surface hydrophobicity was significantly decreased by 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL of the extract and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ALS3 mRNA level was noticeably decreased by 12.5 μg/mL of the extract, 100 μM of pinostrobin, and 100 μM of pinocembrin. The ACT1 mRNA level decreased significantly with pinocembrin. However, the ALS1 mRNA level was not altered following all treatments.
The ethanolic extract of B. rotunda could inhibit biofilm formation of C. albicans, especially during the biofilm development stage, by means of reducing the cell surface hydrophobicity and suppressing the ALS3 mRNA expression. Pinocembrin had a stronger effect on ALS3 mRNA expression than pinostrobin. Only pinocembrin significantly decreased the ACT1 mRNA level.
[Display omitted]
•Biofilm formation of C. albicans was inhibited with the B. rotunda extract.•The ethanolic extract consisted of 25% (w/w) pinostrobin and 12% (w/w) pinocembrin.•All treatments dose-dependently suppressed the biofilm development stage.•Possible mechanism might involve in reducing ALS3 mRNA expression of C. albicans.</abstract><cop>CLARE</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>32730867</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jep.2020.113193</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Actins - genetics Actins - metabolism Amphotericin B - pharmacology Antifungal Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification Antifungal Agents - pharmacology Biofilm formation Biofilms - drug effects Biofilms - growth & development Boesenbergia rotunda Candida albicans Candida albicans - drug effects Candida albicans - genetics Candida albicans - growth & development Chemistry, Medicinal Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Flavanones - isolation & purification Flavanones - pharmacology Flavonoids Fungal Proteins - genetics Fungal Proteins - metabolism Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal Integrative & Complementary Medicine Life Sciences & Biomedicine Pharmacology & Pharmacy Plant Sciences Science & Technology Zingiberaceae - chemistry |
| title | Boesenbergia rotunda extract inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation by pinostrobin and pinocembrin |
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