Characterization of Aquifer Hydrochemistry from the Operation of a Shallow Geothermal System
The use of shallow geothermal energy systems utilizing groundwater temperature for the air-conditioning of buildings is increasing worldwide. The impact of these systems on groundwater quality has become crucial for environmental regulations and system design. For the long-term operation of geotherm...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water (Basel) 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1377, Article 1377 |
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| creator | Choi, Hanna Kim, Jaeyeon Shim, Byoung Ohan Kim, Dong-hun |
| description | The use of shallow geothermal energy systems utilizing groundwater temperature for the air-conditioning of buildings is increasing worldwide. The impact of these systems on groundwater quality has become crucial for environmental regulations and system design. For the long-term operation of geothermal systems, it is important to evaluate their influence on the geochemical properties of groundwater, including precipitation and dissolution of secondary minerals. This research was conducted in a real-scale geothermal system, consisting of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP). Hydrochemical data were obtained from samples collected from an aquifer before heating, during heating, and before cooling operations of the GWHP. The Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index were calculated, and the saturation index was simulated with the PHREEQC program. Evidence from water table variation, temperature change, and Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope distribution showed that groundwater flows from a well located on the northwest side of the geothermal well. The saturation index values showed that the pristine groundwater favors carbonate dissolution, however, manganese oxides are more sensitive to temperature than carbonate minerals. In addition, mineral precipitation and dissolution were found to vary with depth and temperature. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/w12051377 |
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The impact of these systems on groundwater quality has become crucial for environmental regulations and system design. For the long-term operation of geothermal systems, it is important to evaluate their influence on the geochemical properties of groundwater, including precipitation and dissolution of secondary minerals. This research was conducted in a real-scale geothermal system, consisting of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP). Hydrochemical data were obtained from samples collected from an aquifer before heating, during heating, and before cooling operations of the GWHP. The Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index were calculated, and the saturation index was simulated with the PHREEQC program. Evidence from water table variation, temperature change, and Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope distribution showed that groundwater flows from a well located on the northwest side of the geothermal well. The saturation index values showed that the pristine groundwater favors carbonate dissolution, however, manganese oxides are more sensitive to temperature than carbonate minerals. In addition, mineral precipitation and dissolution were found to vary with depth and temperature.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w12051377</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Air conditioning ; Air temperature ; Alkalinity ; Aquifers ; Cellulose acetate ; Chemical precipitation ; Chemical properties ; Dissolution ; Energy use ; Environmental impact ; Environmental regulations ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Feasibility studies ; Geothermal energy ; Geothermal power ; Geothermal resources ; Groundwater ; Groundwater flow ; Groundwater quality ; Heat exchangers ; Heat pumps ; Heating ; Hydrologic data ; Identification and classification ; Influence ; International agreements ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Location ; Manganese ; Manganese oxides ; Mechanical properties ; Minerals ; Physical Sciences ; Quality ; Saturation ; Saturation index ; Science & Technology ; South Korea ; Stream water ; Systems design ; Water chemistry ; Water quality ; Water Resources ; Water table</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1377, Article 1377</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>9</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000555915200156</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c331t-95f9b4de241e6539f696f1e654e09029e38716eb214c5fd51eec5e21806c1e2b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c331t-95f9b4de241e6539f696f1e654e09029e38716eb214c5fd51eec5e21806c1e2b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5196-3101 ; 0000-0002-8182-4778</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,28253</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jaeyeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shim, Byoung Ohan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Dong-hun</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of Aquifer Hydrochemistry from the Operation of a Shallow Geothermal System</title><title>Water (Basel)</title><addtitle>WATER-SUI</addtitle><description>The use of shallow geothermal energy systems utilizing groundwater temperature for the air-conditioning of buildings is increasing worldwide. The impact of these systems on groundwater quality has become crucial for environmental regulations and system design. For the long-term operation of geothermal systems, it is important to evaluate their influence on the geochemical properties of groundwater, including precipitation and dissolution of secondary minerals. This research was conducted in a real-scale geothermal system, consisting of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP). Hydrochemical data were obtained from samples collected from an aquifer before heating, during heating, and before cooling operations of the GWHP. The Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index were calculated, and the saturation index was simulated with the PHREEQC program. Evidence from water table variation, temperature change, and Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope distribution showed that groundwater flows from a well located on the northwest side of the geothermal well. The saturation index values showed that the pristine groundwater favors carbonate dissolution, however, manganese oxides are more sensitive to temperature than carbonate minerals. In addition, mineral precipitation and dissolution were found to vary with depth and temperature.</description><subject>Air conditioning</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Alkalinity</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Cellulose acetate</subject><subject>Chemical precipitation</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>Energy use</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental regulations</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</subject><subject>Feasibility studies</subject><subject>Geothermal energy</subject><subject>Geothermal power</subject><subject>Geothermal resources</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater flow</subject><subject>Groundwater quality</subject><subject>Heat exchangers</subject><subject>Heat pumps</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Hydrologic data</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>International agreements</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Location</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Manganese oxides</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Quality</subject><subject>Saturation</subject><subject>Saturation index</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>South Korea</subject><subject>Stream water</subject><subject>Systems design</subject><subject>Water chemistry</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water Resources</subject><subject>Water table</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE9LAzEQxRdRsGgPfoOAJ5HW_N3dHMuirVDooXoTljSd2JTdTZuklPrpTa0Uj04O80h-b8K8LLsjeMiYxE97QrEgrCgush7FBRtwzsnlH32d9UNY41RclqXAveyjWimvdARvv1S0rkPOoNF2Zw14NDksvdMraG2I_oCMdy2KK0CzDfgzrNB8pZrG7dEYXHr1rWrQ_BAitLfZlVFNgP5vv8neX57fqslgOhu_VqPpQDNG4kAKIxd8CZQTyAWTJpe5OUoOWGIqgZUFyWFBCdfCLAUB0AIoKXGuCdAFu8nuT3M33m13EGK9djvfpS9ryjEreSEYT9TwRH2qBmrbGRfT5uks04LadWBsuh_ljApMCZXJ8HAyaO9C8GDqjbet8oea4PoYeH0OPLHlid3DwpmgLXQaznwKXAghiaAYE5FXNv7EV7ldF5P18f9W9g1oZpJv</recordid><startdate>20200501</startdate><enddate>20200501</enddate><creator>Choi, Hanna</creator><creator>Kim, Jaeyeon</creator><creator>Shim, Byoung Ohan</creator><creator>Kim, Dong-hun</creator><general>Mdpi</general><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-3101</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-4778</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200501</creationdate><title>Characterization of Aquifer Hydrochemistry from the Operation of a Shallow Geothermal System</title><author>Choi, Hanna ; Kim, Jaeyeon ; Shim, Byoung Ohan ; Kim, Dong-hun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c331t-95f9b4de241e6539f696f1e654e09029e38716eb214c5fd51eec5e21806c1e2b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Air conditioning</topic><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Alkalinity</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Cellulose acetate</topic><topic>Chemical precipitation</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>Dissolution</topic><topic>Energy use</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Environmental regulations</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</topic><topic>Feasibility studies</topic><topic>Geothermal energy</topic><topic>Geothermal power</topic><topic>Geothermal resources</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater flow</topic><topic>Groundwater quality</topic><topic>Heat exchangers</topic><topic>Heat pumps</topic><topic>Heating</topic><topic>Hydrologic data</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Influence</topic><topic>International agreements</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Location</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Manganese oxides</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Quality</topic><topic>Saturation</topic><topic>Saturation index</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>South Korea</topic><topic>Stream water</topic><topic>Systems design</topic><topic>Water chemistry</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water Resources</topic><topic>Water table</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jaeyeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shim, Byoung Ohan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Dong-hun</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Choi, Hanna</au><au>Kim, Jaeyeon</au><au>Shim, Byoung Ohan</au><au>Kim, Dong-hun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of Aquifer Hydrochemistry from the Operation of a Shallow Geothermal System</atitle><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle><stitle>WATER-SUI</stitle><date>2020-05-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1377</spage><pages>1377-</pages><artnum>1377</artnum><issn>2073-4441</issn><eissn>2073-4441</eissn><abstract>The use of shallow geothermal energy systems utilizing groundwater temperature for the air-conditioning of buildings is increasing worldwide. The impact of these systems on groundwater quality has become crucial for environmental regulations and system design. For the long-term operation of geothermal systems, it is important to evaluate their influence on the geochemical properties of groundwater, including precipitation and dissolution of secondary minerals. This research was conducted in a real-scale geothermal system, consisting of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP). Hydrochemical data were obtained from samples collected from an aquifer before heating, during heating, and before cooling operations of the GWHP. The Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index were calculated, and the saturation index was simulated with the PHREEQC program. Evidence from water table variation, temperature change, and Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope distribution showed that groundwater flows from a well located on the northwest side of the geothermal well. The saturation index values showed that the pristine groundwater favors carbonate dissolution, however, manganese oxides are more sensitive to temperature than carbonate minerals. In addition, mineral precipitation and dissolution were found to vary with depth and temperature.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><doi>10.3390/w12051377</doi><tpages>20</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-3101</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-4778</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air conditioning Air temperature Alkalinity Aquifers Cellulose acetate Chemical precipitation Chemical properties Dissolution Energy use Environmental impact Environmental regulations Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Feasibility studies Geothermal energy Geothermal power Geothermal resources Groundwater Groundwater flow Groundwater quality Heat exchangers Heat pumps Heating Hydrologic data Identification and classification Influence International agreements Life Sciences & Biomedicine Location Manganese Manganese oxides Mechanical properties Minerals Physical Sciences Quality Saturation Saturation index Science & Technology South Korea Stream water Systems design Water chemistry Water quality Water Resources Water table |
| title | Characterization of Aquifer Hydrochemistry from the Operation of a Shallow Geothermal System |
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