Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts
Rice is a staple food crop, and its production generates large volumes of agricultural waste, rice straw. Several studies have proven that open-field burning and soil incorporation are unsustainable practices of managing rice straw, but remain as prevalent methods of treating and disposing of rice s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2020-07, Vol.12 (13), p.5327, Article 5327 |
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| creator | Migo-Sumagang, Maria Victoria P. Maguyon-Detras, Monet Concepcion Gummert, Martin Alfafara, Catalino G. Borines, Myra G. Capunitan, Jewel A. Van Hung, Nguyen |
| description | Rice is a staple food crop, and its production generates large volumes of agricultural waste, rice straw. Several studies have proven that open-field burning and soil incorporation are unsustainable practices of managing rice straw, but remain as prevalent methods of treating and disposing of rice straw. An alternative solution is to harness the energy from rice straw via a small-scale heat conversion system for paddy drying applications, which can reduce rice grain post-processing costs and improve paddy storage conditions. This study investigated the energy flow, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and cost of a small-scale rice-straw-based heat generation (RBHG) system using a downdraft furnace and a dryer simulator setup. The highest input energy and GHG emissions of 92% and 68%, respectively, were from the heat generation stage. The RBHG energy ratio was between 1.4 and 1.7, and the percent net energy was between 39 and 67%. The best case of RBHG offers a possibility of a net GHG avoided (-61 kg CO2-eq Mg-1), while the worst case (856 kg CO2-eq Mg-1) has a net GHG emission comparable with soil incorporation. The average total cost of RBHG is 0.096 USD kWh(-1). Overall, RBHG technology has the potential to improve energy flow, GHG emissions, and the cost of rice production systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su12135327 |
| format | Article |
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Several studies have proven that open-field burning and soil incorporation are unsustainable practices of managing rice straw, but remain as prevalent methods of treating and disposing of rice straw. An alternative solution is to harness the energy from rice straw via a small-scale heat conversion system for paddy drying applications, which can reduce rice grain post-processing costs and improve paddy storage conditions. This study investigated the energy flow, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and cost of a small-scale rice-straw-based heat generation (RBHG) system using a downdraft furnace and a dryer simulator setup. The highest input energy and GHG emissions of 92% and 68%, respectively, were from the heat generation stage. The RBHG energy ratio was between 1.4 and 1.7, and the percent net energy was between 39 and 67%. The best case of RBHG offers a possibility of a net GHG avoided (-61 kg CO2-eq Mg-1), while the worst case (856 kg CO2-eq Mg-1) has a net GHG emission comparable with soil incorporation. The average total cost of RBHG is 0.096 USD kWh(-1). Overall, RBHG technology has the potential to improve energy flow, GHG emissions, and the cost of rice production systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su12135327</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Agricultural economics ; Agricultural management ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural wastes ; Alternative energy sources ; Burning ; Capital costs ; Carbon dioxide ; Consumption ; Crop production ; Downdraft ; Drying ; Economic impact ; Emissions ; Energy flow ; Energy storage ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Environmental Studies ; Food production ; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; Heat ; Heat generation ; Kerosene ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Post-production processing ; Rice ; Rice straw ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Soils ; Storage conditions ; Straw ; Studies ; Sustainability ; Waste disposal]]></subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2020-07, Vol.12 (13), p.5327, Article 5327</ispartof><rights>2020. 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The best case of RBHG offers a possibility of a net GHG avoided (-61 kg CO2-eq Mg-1), while the worst case (856 kg CO2-eq Mg-1) has a net GHG emission comparable with soil incorporation. The average total cost of RBHG is 0.096 USD kWh(-1). Overall, RBHG technology has the potential to improve energy flow, GHG emissions, and the cost of rice production systems.</description><subject>Agricultural economics</subject><subject>Agricultural management</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agricultural wastes</subject><subject>Alternative energy sources</subject><subject>Burning</subject><subject>Capital costs</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Crop production</subject><subject>Downdraft</subject><subject>Drying</subject><subject>Economic impact</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy flow</subject><subject>Energy storage</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</subject><subject>Environmental Studies</subject><subject>Food production</subject><subject>Green & Sustainable Science & Technology</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat generation</subject><subject>Kerosene</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Post-production processing</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>Rice straw</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Science & Technology - Other Topics</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Storage conditions</subject><subject>Straw</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Waste disposal</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>ARHDP</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc9KAzEQxhdRUNSLTxDwpq7mz6bZeqtLbQuCYPW8pNlZiXSTNZMifSTf0rQV9ehcMjDfbz4yX5adMXotxJDe4IpxJqTgai874lSxnFFJ9__0h9kp4htNJQQbssFR9vlkDeTzGPRHfqcRGjIFHckEHAQdrXdkvsYIHal81-uQ5tGTxx5cfm9h2ZC7VXDWvRLtGjL3dklmzvjQ-2_Yt2RjQLYGt2TkyAgREDtwcTMcJ5vX9RWZTCdk3FnEBOHVdtvYeOc7a8gsGZuIJ9lBq5cIp9_vcfZyP36upvnD42RWjR5yw4cy5pzRBV-UvGi4EsCFLA1INdBcmYYBEwJKtlCaF7RVDYiibKXWwqiWtxQMNeI4O9_t7YN_XwHG-s2nTybLmhc8XW6gJE2qi53KBI8YoK37YDsd1jWj9SaN-jeNJC534g9Y-BaNBWfgB0hpSFkMlSo3wbDKxu3tKr9yMaGX_0fFF5f6nZc</recordid><startdate>20200701</startdate><enddate>20200701</enddate><creator>Migo-Sumagang, Maria Victoria P.</creator><creator>Maguyon-Detras, Monet Concepcion</creator><creator>Gummert, Martin</creator><creator>Alfafara, Catalino G.</creator><creator>Borines, Myra G.</creator><creator>Capunitan, Jewel A.</creator><creator>Van Hung, Nguyen</creator><general>Mdpi</general><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>17B</scope><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>ARHDP</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>DVR</scope><scope>EGQ</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-6940</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-5734</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200701</creationdate><title>Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts</title><author>Migo-Sumagang, Maria Victoria P. ; 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Several studies have proven that open-field burning and soil incorporation are unsustainable practices of managing rice straw, but remain as prevalent methods of treating and disposing of rice straw. An alternative solution is to harness the energy from rice straw via a small-scale heat conversion system for paddy drying applications, which can reduce rice grain post-processing costs and improve paddy storage conditions. This study investigated the energy flow, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and cost of a small-scale rice-straw-based heat generation (RBHG) system using a downdraft furnace and a dryer simulator setup. The highest input energy and GHG emissions of 92% and 68%, respectively, were from the heat generation stage. The RBHG energy ratio was between 1.4 and 1.7, and the percent net energy was between 39 and 67%. The best case of RBHG offers a possibility of a net GHG avoided (-61 kg CO2-eq Mg-1), while the worst case (856 kg CO2-eq Mg-1) has a net GHG emission comparable with soil incorporation. The average total cost of RBHG is 0.096 USD kWh(-1). Overall, RBHG technology has the potential to improve energy flow, GHG emissions, and the cost of rice production systems.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><doi>10.3390/su12135327</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-6940</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-5734</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural economics Agricultural management Agricultural production Agricultural wastes Alternative energy sources Burning Capital costs Carbon dioxide Consumption Crop production Downdraft Drying Economic impact Emissions Energy flow Energy storage Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Environmental Studies Food production Green & Sustainable Science & Technology Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Heat Heat generation Kerosene Life Sciences & Biomedicine Post-production processing Rice Rice straw Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Soils Storage conditions Straw Studies Sustainability Waste disposal |
| title | Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts |
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