Weight Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Fitness in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The Active Health Study
The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in body composition and physical fitness according to the weight status (normoweight, overweight and obese) and the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD; low, medium or high), in physically active children and adolescents. Furthermore,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2020-06, Vol.12 (6), p.1680, Article 1680 |
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| description | The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in body composition and physical fitness according to the weight status (normoweight, overweight and obese) and the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD; low, medium or high), in physically active children and adolescents. Furthermore, this study also analyzed the relationship between body composition and physical fitness with Body Mass Index (BMI), fat mass and the level of adherence to the MD. In total, 1676 participants aged 6-17 from different municipal sports schools participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on adherence to the MD (a KIDMED questionnaire), anthropometric measurements, body composition and physical fitness parameters (the 20-m shuttle run test and muscular strength) were collected. A total of 43.5% of the sample were presented as overweight and obese, and only 35.7% had high or optimal adherence to the MD. The results revealed that a normoweight status was associated with greater cardiorespiratory fitness (p< 0.05; ES: 0.50 to 0.67) and lower-body muscular strength (p< 0.05; ES: 0.58 to 1.10). The overweight group showed more significant results than the other groups in handgrip strength (p< 0.01). Greater adherence to the MD in this population indicated better physical fitness, but only in boys. It is concluded that normoweight status and optimal adherence to the MD in children and adolescents are associated with health benefits, which are significant in the body composition and the effect on physical fitness. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu12061680 |
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Furthermore, this study also analyzed the relationship between body composition and physical fitness with Body Mass Index (BMI), fat mass and the level of adherence to the MD. In total, 1676 participants aged 6-17 from different municipal sports schools participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on adherence to the MD (a KIDMED questionnaire), anthropometric measurements, body composition and physical fitness parameters (the 20-m shuttle run test and muscular strength) were collected. A total of 43.5% of the sample were presented as overweight and obese, and only 35.7% had high or optimal adherence to the MD. The results revealed that a normoweight status was associated with greater cardiorespiratory fitness (p< 0.05; ES: 0.50 to 0.67) and lower-body muscular strength (p< 0.05; ES: 0.58 to 1.10). The overweight group showed more significant results than the other groups in handgrip strength (p< 0.01). Greater adherence to the MD in this population indicated better physical fitness, but only in boys. It is concluded that normoweight status and optimal adherence to the MD in children and adolescents are associated with health benefits, which are significant in the body composition and the effect on physical fitness.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu12061680</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32512886</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Age ; Anthropometry ; Body Composition ; Body fat ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Body Weight ; Cardiorespiratory fitness ; Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology ; Children ; Composition effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Eating behavior ; Exercise ; Female ; health ; Health care ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; lifestyle ; Lifestyles ; Male ; Mortality ; Muscle Strength ; Nutrient deficiency ; nutrition ; Nutrition & Dietetics ; Nutrition research ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; physical activity ; Physical fitness ; Physical Fitness - physiology ; Physiology ; Population ; Public health ; Quality of life ; Schools ; Science & Technology ; Sedentary Behavior ; sedentary lifestyle ; Spain ; Teenagers</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2020-06, Vol.12 (6), p.1680, Article 1680</ispartof><rights>2020. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Age Anthropometry Body Composition Body fat Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Body Weight Cardiorespiratory fitness Child Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology Children Composition effects Cross-Sectional Studies Diet Diet, Mediterranean Eating behavior Exercise Female health Health care Health Surveys Humans Life Sciences & Biomedicine lifestyle Lifestyles Male Mortality Muscle Strength Nutrient deficiency nutrition Nutrition & Dietetics Nutrition research Nutrition Surveys Nutritional Status Obesity physical activity Physical fitness Physical Fitness - physiology Physiology Population Public health Quality of life Schools Science & Technology Sedentary Behavior sedentary lifestyle Spain Teenagers |
| title | Weight Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Fitness in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The Active Health Study |
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