Physiological response of the bioindicator Ramalina farinacea in relation to atmospheric deposition in an urban environment

Urban air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems. Lichens are good bioindicators in air pollution studies because of their dependence on the atmospheric deposition for nutrition. The present study focused on the effects of urbanization on the composition of atmospheric deposition inputs and physiological parameters of transplanted epiphytic lichen Ramalina farinacea . The status of lichens responded to urban pollutants related to vehicle and industrial activity (NO 3 − , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , NO 2 , PM 10 ). The content of chlorophyll and F V /F M were positively related to the amount of precipitation (mm) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The increase in lipid peroxidation and electrolyte conductivity, indicating damage to the cell membrane, was found in lichens transplanted to the urban environment. The high variability in electrolyte conductivity indicated that cell membrane injuries were characteristics of the investigated study area.