Nuclear Integrants of Organellar DNA Contribute to Genome Structure and Evolution in Plants
The transfer of genetic material from the mitochondria and plastid to the nucleus gives rise to nuclear integrants of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs) and nuclear integrants of plastid DNA (NUPTs). This frequently occurring DNA transfer is ongoing and has important evolutionary implications. In this review...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2020-01, Vol.21 (3), p.707 |
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| creator | Zhang, Guo-Jun Dong, Ran Lan, Li-Na Li, Shu-Fen Gao, Wu-Jun Niu, Hong-Xing |
| description | The transfer of genetic material from the mitochondria and plastid to the nucleus gives rise to nuclear integrants of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs) and nuclear integrants of plastid DNA (NUPTs). This frequently occurring DNA transfer is ongoing and has important evolutionary implications. In this review, based on previous studies and the analysis of NUMT/NUPT insertions of more than 200 sequenced plant genomes, we analyzed and summarized the general features of NUMTs/NUPTs and highlighted the genetic consequence of organellar DNA insertions. The statistics of organellar DNA integrants among various plant genomes revealed that organellar DNA-derived sequence content is positively correlated with the nuclear genome size. After integration, the nuclear organellar DNA could undergo different fates, including elimination, mutation, rearrangement, fragmentation, and proliferation. The integrated organellar DNAs play important roles in increasing genetic diversity, promoting gene and genome evolution, and are involved in sex chromosome evolution in dioecious plants. The integrating mechanisms, involving non-homologous end joining at double-strand breaks were also discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms21030707 |
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This frequently occurring DNA transfer is ongoing and has important evolutionary implications. In this review, based on previous studies and the analysis of NUMT/NUPT insertions of more than 200 sequenced plant genomes, we analyzed and summarized the general features of NUMTs/NUPTs and highlighted the genetic consequence of organellar DNA insertions. The statistics of organellar DNA integrants among various plant genomes revealed that organellar DNA-derived sequence content is positively correlated with the nuclear genome size. After integration, the nuclear organellar DNA could undergo different fates, including elimination, mutation, rearrangement, fragmentation, and proliferation. The integrated organellar DNAs play important roles in increasing genetic diversity, promoting gene and genome evolution, and are involved in sex chromosome evolution in dioecious plants. The integrating mechanisms, involving non-homologous end joining at double-strand breaks were also discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030707</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31973163</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Chloroplasts ; Chromosomes ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA structure ; Evolution ; Flowers & plants ; Genes ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic engineering ; Genomes ; Homology ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Mutation ; Non-homologous end joining ; Nucleotide sequence ; Plant mitochondria ; Review ; Statistical analysis</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2020-01, Vol.21 (3), p.707</ispartof><rights>2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The integrating mechanisms, involving non-homologous end joining at double-strand breaks were also discussed.</description><subject>Chloroplasts</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA structure</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Homology</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Non-homologous end joining</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Plant mitochondria</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1LXDEUxUNpqVa7cy2BbrrotEluXpK3KchorSAqtF11EfIyyfQN7yU2H4L_vRm0MnZ1L5wfh3M4CB1R8hmgJ1_GzZwZJUAkka_QPuWMLQgR8vXOv4fe5bwhhAHr-rdoD2gvgQrYR7-vqp2cSfgiFLdOJpSMo8fXaW2Cm6YmnF6d4GUMJY1DLQ6XiM9diLPDP0qqttTksAkrfHYXp1rGGPAY8M20NTpEb7yZsnv_dA_Qr29nP5ffF5fX5xfLk8uF5VKVxaCEcNauQAAw0XuvDFWiM6QDA1YCJ0owMcjBA-_8aqDGt-wcjFeMd0TBAfr66Htbh9mtrGthzaRv0zibdK-jGfVLJYx_9DreaUlAKkGbwccngxT_VpeLnsdst_WDizVrBpwz2XEhG_rhP3QTawqtnmYdV0L2bZNGfXqkbIo5J-efw1Cit6vp3dUafrxb4Bn-NxM8AGV7kw4</recordid><startdate>20200121</startdate><enddate>20200121</enddate><creator>Zhang, Guo-Jun</creator><creator>Dong, Ran</creator><creator>Lan, Li-Na</creator><creator>Li, Shu-Fen</creator><creator>Gao, Wu-Jun</creator><creator>Niu, Hong-Xing</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-7776</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200121</creationdate><title>Nuclear Integrants of Organellar DNA Contribute to Genome Structure and Evolution in Plants</title><author>Zhang, Guo-Jun ; 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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Chloroplasts Chromosomes Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA structure Evolution Flowers & plants Genes Genetic diversity Genetic engineering Genomes Homology Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Non-homologous end joining Nucleotide sequence Plant mitochondria Review Statistical analysis |
| title | Nuclear Integrants of Organellar DNA Contribute to Genome Structure and Evolution in Plants |
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