Immune classification for the PD-L1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The recent emergence of diverse immunotherapeutic agents has made it crucial to interpret a complex tumour microenvironment intermingled with tumour-infiltrating immune cells t...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | BMC cancer 2020-01, Vol.20 (1), p.58-58, Article 58 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 58 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 58 |
| container_title | BMC cancer |
| container_volume | 20 |
| creator | Noh, Byeong-Joo Kwak, Jae Young Eom, Dae-Woon |
| description | Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The recent emergence of diverse immunotherapeutic agents has made it crucial to interpret a complex tumour microenvironment intermingled with tumour-infiltrating immune cells to predict the immunotherapeutic response rate. However, in colorectal adenocarcinoma, studies are lacking that provide detailed analyses of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to elucidate their prognostic values and to identify immunotherapy-targetable subgroups, preferably with multiple immune-related biomarkers. In the present study, we categorize colorectal adenocarcinomas into four types of tumour immune microenvironments according to PD-L1 expression and TIL, analyse their prognostic values, and propose an immunotherapy-targetable subgroup. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of surgically resected primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (n = 489) were obtained and arrayed on tissue microarray blocks. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) were performed and evaluated. Results Tumour microenvironment immune type (TMIT) I (PD-L1-positive tumour cells and CD8-high TIL) and type II (PD-L1-negative tumour cells and CD8-low TIL) showed the best and worst prognoses, respectively. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with dMMR status. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with TIL having CD8 or PD-1 overexpression. Conclusions TMIT I subgroup showed stronger CD8/PD-L1/PD-1 signalling interaction compared to the other TMIT. Therefore, we propose that the TMIT I subgroup is a candidate TMIT to predict effective response rate for existing immune checkpoint inhibitors and determine targetable subgroups for emerging therapies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12885-020-6553-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_webof</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_webofscience_primary_000521407400009</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A616352608</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_1e94c221517a4391947db555928ce37e</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A616352608</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c625t-324ceec7f84486b00d875c21952092e3acb0315273347fa3f4b8203a83a1f7863</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6A7yRgiCKdM1nm94Iy_g1MKD4cR3S9HQmQ5vMJqnu_HvTnXWYihfSi4ae57zhvOdtlj3F6BJjUb4JmAjBC0RQUXJOi_pedo5ZhQvCUHX_5HyWPQphixCuBBIPszOK65oQxs8ztxyG0UKuexWC6YxW0Tibd87ncQP5l3fFCudws_OQyqmgbJvHcXCjL4ztTB99arDrvN8Pu43T-wghNzbXrncedFR9rlqwTiuvjXWDepw96FQf4Mnd-yL78eH998WnYvX543JxtSp0SXgsKGEaQFedYEyUDUKtqLgmuOYE1QSo0g2imJOKUlZ1inasEQRRJajCXSVKepEtD7qtU1u582ZQfi-dMvL2g_NrqXw0ugeJoWaaEMxxpRitcc2qtuGc10RooBUkrbcHrd3YDNBqsGnqfiY6r1izkWv3U5a1KBGvk8DLOwHvrkcIUQ4maOh7ZcGNQRLKBKElLklCn_-FbpPXNlmVKF6VaaVp5iO1VmmAtAiX7tWTqLxKMpSTEolEXf6DSk8Lg9HOQtofzBtezRoSE-EmrtUYglx--zpnX5ywG1B93ATXj1N8whzEB1B7F4KH7mgcRnKKsTzEWKYYyynGcjLs2anjx44_uU3A6wPwCxrXBW3AajhiCCFOcMo9Syc0yYn_pxcm3v4DCzfaSH8DvzQLJQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2357614773</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Immune classification for the PD-L1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal adenocarcinoma</title><source>PubMed Central 开放获取</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Springer Nature OA/Free Journals</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Noh, Byeong-Joo ; Kwak, Jae Young ; Eom, Dae-Woon</creator><creatorcontrib>Noh, Byeong-Joo ; Kwak, Jae Young ; Eom, Dae-Woon</creatorcontrib><description>Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The recent emergence of diverse immunotherapeutic agents has made it crucial to interpret a complex tumour microenvironment intermingled with tumour-infiltrating immune cells to predict the immunotherapeutic response rate. However, in colorectal adenocarcinoma, studies are lacking that provide detailed analyses of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to elucidate their prognostic values and to identify immunotherapy-targetable subgroups, preferably with multiple immune-related biomarkers. In the present study, we categorize colorectal adenocarcinomas into four types of tumour immune microenvironments according to PD-L1 expression and TIL, analyse their prognostic values, and propose an immunotherapy-targetable subgroup. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of surgically resected primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (n = 489) were obtained and arrayed on tissue microarray blocks. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) were performed and evaluated. Results Tumour microenvironment immune type (TMIT) I (PD-L1-positive tumour cells and CD8-high TIL) and type II (PD-L1-negative tumour cells and CD8-low TIL) showed the best and worst prognoses, respectively. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with dMMR status. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with TIL having CD8 or PD-1 overexpression. Conclusions TMIT I subgroup showed stronger CD8/PD-L1/PD-1 signalling interaction compared to the other TMIT. Therefore, we propose that the TMIT I subgroup is a candidate TMIT to predict effective response rate for existing immune checkpoint inhibitors and determine targetable subgroups for emerging therapies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-2407</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2407</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6553-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31992245</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LONDON: Springer Nature</publisher><subject>Adenocarcinoma ; Analysis ; Apoptosis ; Automation ; Biological markers ; Biomarkers ; Cancer ; CD8 ; CD8 antigen ; Cell death ; Colorectal adenocarcinoma ; Colorectal cancer ; Health aspects ; Immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Immunoreactivity ; Immunotherapy ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Lymphatic system ; Lymphocytes ; Metastasis ; Microenvironments ; Microscopy ; Mismatch repair ; Oncology ; Paraffin ; Patients ; PD-1 protein ; PD-L1 ; PD-L1 protein ; Prognosis ; Science & Technology ; Statistical analysis ; Tumor microenvironment ; Tumors ; Tumour microenvironment immune type</subject><ispartof>BMC cancer, 2020-01, Vol.20 (1), p.58-58, Article 58</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s). 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>24</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000521407400009</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c625t-324ceec7f84486b00d875c21952092e3acb0315273347fa3f4b8203a83a1f7863</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c625t-324ceec7f84486b00d875c21952092e3acb0315273347fa3f4b8203a83a1f7863</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986059/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986059/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2115,27929,27930,28253,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31992245$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Noh, Byeong-Joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwak, Jae Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eom, Dae-Woon</creatorcontrib><title>Immune classification for the PD-L1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal adenocarcinoma</title><title>BMC cancer</title><addtitle>BMC CANCER</addtitle><addtitle>BMC Cancer</addtitle><description>Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The recent emergence of diverse immunotherapeutic agents has made it crucial to interpret a complex tumour microenvironment intermingled with tumour-infiltrating immune cells to predict the immunotherapeutic response rate. However, in colorectal adenocarcinoma, studies are lacking that provide detailed analyses of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to elucidate their prognostic values and to identify immunotherapy-targetable subgroups, preferably with multiple immune-related biomarkers. In the present study, we categorize colorectal adenocarcinomas into four types of tumour immune microenvironments according to PD-L1 expression and TIL, analyse their prognostic values, and propose an immunotherapy-targetable subgroup. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of surgically resected primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (n = 489) were obtained and arrayed on tissue microarray blocks. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) were performed and evaluated. Results Tumour microenvironment immune type (TMIT) I (PD-L1-positive tumour cells and CD8-high TIL) and type II (PD-L1-negative tumour cells and CD8-low TIL) showed the best and worst prognoses, respectively. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with dMMR status. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with TIL having CD8 or PD-1 overexpression. Conclusions TMIT I subgroup showed stronger CD8/PD-L1/PD-1 signalling interaction compared to the other TMIT. Therefore, we propose that the TMIT I subgroup is a candidate TMIT to predict effective response rate for existing immune checkpoint inhibitors and determine targetable subgroups for emerging therapies.</description><subject>Adenocarcinoma</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Biological markers</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>CD8</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Colorectal adenocarcinoma</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</subject><subject>Immunoreactivity</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Lymphatic system</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Microenvironments</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Mismatch repair</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Paraffin</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>PD-1 protein</subject><subject>PD-L1</subject><subject>PD-L1 protein</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Tumor microenvironment</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Tumour microenvironment immune type</subject><issn>1471-2407</issn><issn>1471-2407</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6A7yRgiCKdM1nm94Iy_g1MKD4cR3S9HQmQ5vMJqnu_HvTnXWYihfSi4ae57zhvOdtlj3F6BJjUb4JmAjBC0RQUXJOi_pedo5ZhQvCUHX_5HyWPQphixCuBBIPszOK65oQxs8ztxyG0UKuexWC6YxW0Tibd87ncQP5l3fFCudws_OQyqmgbJvHcXCjL4ztTB99arDrvN8Pu43T-wghNzbXrncedFR9rlqwTiuvjXWDepw96FQf4Mnd-yL78eH998WnYvX543JxtSp0SXgsKGEaQFedYEyUDUKtqLgmuOYE1QSo0g2imJOKUlZ1inasEQRRJajCXSVKepEtD7qtU1u582ZQfi-dMvL2g_NrqXw0ugeJoWaaEMxxpRitcc2qtuGc10RooBUkrbcHrd3YDNBqsGnqfiY6r1izkWv3U5a1KBGvk8DLOwHvrkcIUQ4maOh7ZcGNQRLKBKElLklCn_-FbpPXNlmVKF6VaaVp5iO1VmmAtAiX7tWTqLxKMpSTEolEXf6DSk8Lg9HOQtofzBtezRoSE-EmrtUYglx--zpnX5ywG1B93ATXj1N8whzEB1B7F4KH7mgcRnKKsTzEWKYYyynGcjLs2anjx44_uU3A6wPwCxrXBW3AajhiCCFOcMo9Syc0yYn_pxcm3v4DCzfaSH8DvzQLJQ</recordid><startdate>20200128</startdate><enddate>20200128</enddate><creator>Noh, Byeong-Joo</creator><creator>Kwak, Jae Young</creator><creator>Eom, Dae-Woon</creator><general>Springer Nature</general><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BMC</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200128</creationdate><title>Immune classification for the PD-L1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal adenocarcinoma</title><author>Noh, Byeong-Joo ; Kwak, Jae Young ; Eom, Dae-Woon</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c625t-324ceec7f84486b00d875c21952092e3acb0315273347fa3f4b8203a83a1f7863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adenocarcinoma</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Biological markers</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>CD8</topic><topic>CD8 antigen</topic><topic>Cell death</topic><topic>Colorectal adenocarcinoma</topic><topic>Colorectal cancer</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</topic><topic>Immunoreactivity</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Lymphatic system</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Microenvironments</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Mismatch repair</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Paraffin</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>PD-1 protein</topic><topic>PD-L1</topic><topic>PD-L1 protein</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Tumor microenvironment</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Tumour microenvironment immune type</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Noh, Byeong-Joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwak, Jae Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eom, Dae-Woon</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Proquest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>BMC cancer</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Noh, Byeong-Joo</au><au>Kwak, Jae Young</au><au>Eom, Dae-Woon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immune classification for the PD-L1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal adenocarcinoma</atitle><jtitle>BMC cancer</jtitle><stitle>BMC CANCER</stitle><addtitle>BMC Cancer</addtitle><date>2020-01-28</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>58</spage><epage>58</epage><pages>58-58</pages><artnum>58</artnum><issn>1471-2407</issn><eissn>1471-2407</eissn><abstract>Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The recent emergence of diverse immunotherapeutic agents has made it crucial to interpret a complex tumour microenvironment intermingled with tumour-infiltrating immune cells to predict the immunotherapeutic response rate. However, in colorectal adenocarcinoma, studies are lacking that provide detailed analyses of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to elucidate their prognostic values and to identify immunotherapy-targetable subgroups, preferably with multiple immune-related biomarkers. In the present study, we categorize colorectal adenocarcinomas into four types of tumour immune microenvironments according to PD-L1 expression and TIL, analyse their prognostic values, and propose an immunotherapy-targetable subgroup. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of surgically resected primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (n = 489) were obtained and arrayed on tissue microarray blocks. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) were performed and evaluated. Results Tumour microenvironment immune type (TMIT) I (PD-L1-positive tumour cells and CD8-high TIL) and type II (PD-L1-negative tumour cells and CD8-low TIL) showed the best and worst prognoses, respectively. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with dMMR status. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with TIL having CD8 or PD-1 overexpression. Conclusions TMIT I subgroup showed stronger CD8/PD-L1/PD-1 signalling interaction compared to the other TMIT. Therefore, we propose that the TMIT I subgroup is a candidate TMIT to predict effective response rate for existing immune checkpoint inhibitors and determine targetable subgroups for emerging therapies.</abstract><cop>LONDON</cop><pub>Springer Nature</pub><pmid>31992245</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12885-020-6553-9</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1471-2407 |
| ispartof | BMC cancer, 2020-01, Vol.20 (1), p.58-58, Article 58 |
| issn | 1471-2407 1471-2407 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_webofscience_primary_000521407400009 |
| source | PubMed Central 开放获取; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Springer Nature OA/Free Journals; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adenocarcinoma Analysis Apoptosis Automation Biological markers Biomarkers Cancer CD8 CD8 antigen Cell death Colorectal adenocarcinoma Colorectal cancer Health aspects Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunoreactivity Immunotherapy Life Sciences & Biomedicine Lymphatic system Lymphocytes Metastasis Microenvironments Microscopy Mismatch repair Oncology Paraffin Patients PD-1 protein PD-L1 PD-L1 protein Prognosis Science & Technology Statistical analysis Tumor microenvironment Tumors Tumour microenvironment immune type |
| title | Immune classification for the PD-L1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal adenocarcinoma |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-12T07%3A45%3A22IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_webof&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Immune%20classification%20for%20the%20PD-L1%20expression%20and%20tumour-infiltrating%20lymphocytes%20in%20colorectal%20adenocarcinoma&rft.jtitle=BMC%20cancer&rft.au=Noh,%20Byeong-Joo&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=58&rft.epage=58&rft.pages=58-58&rft.artnum=58&rft.issn=1471-2407&rft.eissn=1471-2407&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186/s12885-020-6553-9&rft_dat=%3Cgale_webof%3EA616352608%3C/gale_webof%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2357614773&rft_id=info:pmid/31992245&rft_galeid=A616352608&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_1e94c221517a4391947db555928ce37e&rfr_iscdi=true |