A Step-by-Step Protocol for Optogenetic Kindling
Electrical kindling, repeated brain stimulation eventually resulting in seizures, is widely used as an animal model of epileptogenesis and epilepsy. However, the stimulation electrode used for electric kindling targets unknown neuronal populations and may introduce tissue damage and inflammation. Op...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Frontiers in neural circuits 2020-01, Vol.14, p.3-3, Article 3 |
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| description | Electrical kindling, repeated brain stimulation eventually resulting in seizures, is widely used as an animal model of epileptogenesis and epilepsy. However, the stimulation electrode used for electric kindling targets unknown neuronal populations and may introduce tissue damage and inflammation. Optogenetics can be used to circumvent these shortcomings by permitting millisecond control of activity in genetically defined neurons without gross injury or inflammation. Here we describe an easy step-by-step protocol for optogenetic kindling - optokindling - by which seizures are eventually elicited in initially healthy mice through repeated light stimulation of neurons expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Chronic EEG recordings may be performed over large time scales to monitor activity while video camera monitoring may be used to assess the behavioral severity of seizures. In conclusion, with optokindling, neuroscientists can elucidate the circuit changes that underpin epilepsy while minimizing the contribution of confounding factors such as brain damage and inflammation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3389/fncir.2020.00003 |
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This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Cela and Sjöström. 2020 Cela and Sjöström</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>5</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000514396400001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-9b6bc9db90f7ec726a9285f68945c7a37929ba45095ae43a5436e44cc92402da3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-9b6bc9db90f7ec726a9285f68945c7a37929ba45095ae43a5436e44cc92402da3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3339-9698</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025532/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025532/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2115,27929,27930,28253,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116570$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cela, Elvis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sjostrom, P. Jesper</creatorcontrib><title>A Step-by-Step Protocol for Optogenetic Kindling</title><title>Frontiers in neural circuits</title><addtitle>FRONT NEURAL CIRCUIT</addtitle><addtitle>Front Neural Circuits</addtitle><description>Electrical kindling, repeated brain stimulation eventually resulting in seizures, is widely used as an animal model of epileptogenesis and epilepsy. However, the stimulation electrode used for electric kindling targets unknown neuronal populations and may introduce tissue damage and inflammation. Optogenetics can be used to circumvent these shortcomings by permitting millisecond control of activity in genetically defined neurons without gross injury or inflammation. Here we describe an easy step-by-step protocol for optogenetic kindling - optokindling - by which seizures are eventually elicited in initially healthy mice through repeated light stimulation of neurons expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Chronic EEG recordings may be performed over large time scales to monitor activity while video camera monitoring may be used to assess the behavioral severity of seizures. In conclusion, with optokindling, neuroscientists can elucidate the circuit changes that underpin epilepsy while minimizing the contribution of confounding factors such as brain damage and inflammation.</description><subject>animal model</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Brain injury</subject><subject>Convulsions & seizures</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Epilepsy</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Information processing</subject><subject>Kindling</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Neuroscience</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Neurosciences & Neurology</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>optogenetics</subject><subject>protocol</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>seizure</subject><subject>Seizures</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><issn>1662-5110</issn><issn>1662-5110</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc9rFDEUx4MotlbvnmTAi1BmzY-XzOQilMVqsVBBPYckk1mzzCZrkqn0vze7W5fWk7m8kHy-37y8L0KvCV4w1sv3Y7A-LSimeIHrYk_QKRGCtpwQ_PTB_gS9yHmNsaCCw3N0wighgnf4FOGL5ltx29bctbvafE2xRBunZoypudmWuHLBFW-bLz4Mkw-rl-jZqKfsXt3XM_Tj8uP35ef2-ubT1fLiurUgcWmlEcbKwUg8ds52VGhJez6KXgK3nWadpNJo4Fhy7YBpDkw4AGslBUwHzc7Q1cF3iHqttslvdLpTUXu1P4hppXSqjU1OaWNA844QoxlIKowgthfDAEKDYADV68PBazubjRusCyXp6ZHp45vgf6pVvFUdppwzWg3e3Ruk-Gt2uaiNz9ZNkw4uzllRJmTfd3WiFX37D7qOcwp1VJWCngDjmFQKHyibYs7JjcdmCFa7aNU-WrWLVu2jrZI3Dz9xFPzNsgL9AfjtTByz9S5Yd8SqB6-PSwE7O7L0RRcfwzLOoVTp-f9L2R_9SL5d</recordid><startdate>20200129</startdate><enddate>20200129</enddate><creator>Cela, Elvis</creator><creator>Sjostrom, P. 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| subjects | animal model Animal models Animals Brain injury Convulsions & seizures EEG Epilepsy Genetics Information processing Kindling Life Sciences & Biomedicine Neuroscience Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Optics optogenetics protocol Respiration Science & Technology seizure Seizures Surgery |
| title | A Step-by-Step Protocol for Optogenetic Kindling |
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