Achieving arsenic concentrations of <1 μg/L by Fe(0) electrolysis: The exceptional performance of magnetite

Consumption of drinking water containing arsenic at concentrations even below the World Health Organization provisional limit of 10 μg/L can still lead to unacceptable health risks. Consequently, the drinking water sector in the Netherlands has recently agreed to target 1 μg/L of arsenic in treated...

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Veröffentlicht in:Water research (Oxford) 2020-01, Vol.168 (C), p.115170-115170, Article 115170
Hauptverfasser: van Genuchten, C.M., Behrends, T., Stipp, S.L.S., Dideriksen, K.
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creator van Genuchten, C.M.
Behrends, T.
Stipp, S.L.S.
Dideriksen, K.
description Consumption of drinking water containing arsenic at concentrations even below the World Health Organization provisional limit of 10 μg/L can still lead to unacceptable health risks. Consequently, the drinking water sector in the Netherlands has recently agreed to target 1 μg/L of arsenic in treated water. Unfortunately, in many poor, arsenic-affected countries, the costs and complexity of current methods that can achieve
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Consequently, the drinking water sector in the Netherlands has recently agreed to target 1 μg/L of arsenic in treated water. Unfortunately, in many poor, arsenic-affected countries, the costs and complexity of current methods that can achieve <1 μg/L are prohibitive, which highlights the need for innovative methods that can remove arsenic to <1 μg/L without costly support infrastructure and complicated supply chains. In this work, we used Fe(0) electrolysis, a low cost and scalable technology that is also known as Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC), to achieve <1 μg/L residual dissolved arsenic. We compared the arsenic removal performance of green rust (GR), ferric (oxyhydr)oxides (Fe(III) oxides) and magnetite (Mag) generated by EC at different pH (7.5 and 9) in the presence of As(III) or As(V) (initial concentrations of 200–11,000 μg/L). Although GR and Fe(III) oxides removed up to 99% of initial arsenic, neither Fe phase could reliably meet the 1 μg/L target at both pH values. In contrast, EC-generated Mag consistently achieved <1 μg/L, regardless of the initial As(V) concentration and pH. Only solutions with initial As(III) concentrations ≥2200 μg/L resulted in residual arsenic >1 μg/L. As K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Mag also sorbed arsenic in a unique mode, consistent with partial arsenic incorporation near the particle surface. This sorption mode contrasts with the binuclear, corner sharing surface complex for GR and Fe(III) oxides, which could explain the difference in arsenic removal efficiency among the three Fe phases. Our results suggest that EC-generated Mag is an attractive method for achieving <1 μg/L particularly in decentralized water treatment. [Display omitted] •Strategies to treat arsenic (As) to <1 μg/L are needed around the world.•Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC) is a simple and reliable decentralized treatment method.•Magnetite generated by Fe(0) EC consistently decreased As(III) or As(V) to <1 μg/L.•EC-generated green rust and Fe(III) oxides were less effective at achieving 1 μg/L.•EC-magnetite removed As by structural incorporation near the particle surface.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115170</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31655435</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>OXFORD: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Arsenic treatment ; Electrocoagulation ; Engineering ; Engineering, Environmental ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Sciences &amp; Ecology ; EXAFS spectroscopy ; Life Sciences &amp; Biomedicine ; Mineral formation ; Oxyanion incorporation ; Physical Sciences ; Science &amp; Technology ; Technology ; Water Resources</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2020-01, Vol.168 (C), p.115170-115170, Article 115170</ispartof><rights>2019 The Authors</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>36</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000498308000048</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-6f2bbbbb48d5fe2474c904ab41fd7af0c1156b901c31d96f74d05e528688c21e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-6f2bbbbb48d5fe2474c904ab41fd7af0c1156b901c31d96f74d05e528688c21e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0728-6545 ; 0000-0002-6697-0697 ; 0000-0001-7009-643X ; 0000-0003-3067-4834 ; 0000000207286545 ; 0000000266970697</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115170$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,3551,27929,27930,28253,46000</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1570398$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>van Genuchten, C.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrends, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stipp, S.L.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dideriksen, K.</creatorcontrib><title>Achieving arsenic concentrations of &lt;1 μg/L by Fe(0) electrolysis: The exceptional performance of magnetite</title><title>Water research (Oxford)</title><addtitle>WATER RES</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Consumption of drinking water containing arsenic at concentrations even below the World Health Organization provisional limit of 10 μg/L can still lead to unacceptable health risks. Consequently, the drinking water sector in the Netherlands has recently agreed to target 1 μg/L of arsenic in treated water. Unfortunately, in many poor, arsenic-affected countries, the costs and complexity of current methods that can achieve <1 μg/L are prohibitive, which highlights the need for innovative methods that can remove arsenic to <1 μg/L without costly support infrastructure and complicated supply chains. In this work, we used Fe(0) electrolysis, a low cost and scalable technology that is also known as Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC), to achieve <1 μg/L residual dissolved arsenic. We compared the arsenic removal performance of green rust (GR), ferric (oxyhydr)oxides (Fe(III) oxides) and magnetite (Mag) generated by EC at different pH (7.5 and 9) in the presence of As(III) or As(V) (initial concentrations of 200–11,000 μg/L). Although GR and Fe(III) oxides removed up to 99% of initial arsenic, neither Fe phase could reliably meet the 1 μg/L target at both pH values. In contrast, EC-generated Mag consistently achieved <1 μg/L, regardless of the initial As(V) concentration and pH. Only solutions with initial As(III) concentrations ≥2200 μg/L resulted in residual arsenic >1 μg/L. As K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Mag also sorbed arsenic in a unique mode, consistent with partial arsenic incorporation near the particle surface. This sorption mode contrasts with the binuclear, corner sharing surface complex for GR and Fe(III) oxides, which could explain the difference in arsenic removal efficiency among the three Fe phases. Our results suggest that EC-generated Mag is an attractive method for achieving <1 μg/L particularly in decentralized water treatment. [Display omitted] •Strategies to treat arsenic (As) to <1 μg/L are needed around the world.•Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC) is a simple and reliable decentralized treatment method.•Magnetite generated by Fe(0) EC consistently decreased As(III) or As(V) to <1 μg/L.•EC-generated green rust and Fe(III) oxides were less effective at achieving 1 μg/L.•EC-magnetite removed As by structural incorporation near the particle surface.]]></description><subject>Arsenic treatment</subject><subject>Electrocoagulation</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering, Environmental</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences &amp; Ecology</subject><subject>EXAFS spectroscopy</subject><subject>Life Sciences &amp; Biomedicine</subject><subject>Mineral formation</subject><subject>Oxyanion incorporation</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Science &amp; Technology</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Water Resources</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU2OEzEQhS0EYsLADVhYrAahzpTd7j-EkEYRA0iR2Axry-0uJ446drCdGbLjRlyAM3AIToKbHrFEeGMv3ld-rx4hzxksGbD6cre8UylgXHJg3ZKxijXwgCxY23QFF6J9SBYAoixYWYkz8iTGHQBwXnaPyVnJ6qoSZbUg7kpvLd5at6EqRHRWU-2dRpeCSta7SL2hb9ivb99__thcrml_otd4AS8pjqhT8OMp2via3myR4leNh4lRIz1gMD7sVZ40DdirjcNkEz4lj4waIz67v8_J5-t3N6sPxfrT-4-rq3WhBeOpqA3vpyPaoTLIRSN0B0L1gpmhUQZ0jlv3HTBdsqGrTSMGqLDibd22mjMsz8mLea6Pycqo89d6m4O5bFqyqoGya7PoYhYdgv9yxJjk3kaN46gc-mOUvIRONMAYZKmYpTr4GAMaeQh2r8JJMpBTHXIn5zrkVIec68jYqxm7w96bbAPzQv6iuQ-RbUAL02vy0_6_emXTn4JW_uhSRt_OKOal3loM8h4fbJgiD97-2-lv3-i1zA</recordid><startdate>20200101</startdate><enddate>20200101</enddate><creator>van Genuchten, C.M.</creator><creator>Behrends, T.</creator><creator>Stipp, S.L.S.</creator><creator>Dideriksen, K.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-6545</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-0697</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-643X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-4834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000207286545</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000266970697</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200101</creationdate><title>Achieving arsenic concentrations of &lt;1 μg/L by Fe(0) electrolysis: The exceptional performance of magnetite</title><author>van Genuchten, C.M. ; Behrends, T. ; Stipp, S.L.S. ; Dideriksen, K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-6f2bbbbb48d5fe2474c904ab41fd7af0c1156b901c31d96f74d05e528688c21e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Arsenic treatment</topic><topic>Electrocoagulation</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Engineering, Environmental</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences &amp; Ecology</topic><topic>EXAFS spectroscopy</topic><topic>Life Sciences &amp; Biomedicine</topic><topic>Mineral formation</topic><topic>Oxyanion incorporation</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Science &amp; Technology</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Water Resources</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>van Genuchten, C.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Behrends, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stipp, S.L.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dideriksen, K.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>van Genuchten, C.M.</au><au>Behrends, T.</au><au>Stipp, S.L.S.</au><au>Dideriksen, K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Achieving arsenic concentrations of &lt;1 μg/L by Fe(0) electrolysis: The exceptional performance of magnetite</atitle><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle><stitle>WATER RES</stitle><date>2020-01-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>168</volume><issue>C</issue><spage>115170</spage><epage>115170</epage><pages>115170-115170</pages><artnum>115170</artnum><issn>0043-1354</issn><eissn>1879-2448</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Consumption of drinking water containing arsenic at concentrations even below the World Health Organization provisional limit of 10 μg/L can still lead to unacceptable health risks. Consequently, the drinking water sector in the Netherlands has recently agreed to target 1 μg/L of arsenic in treated water. Unfortunately, in many poor, arsenic-affected countries, the costs and complexity of current methods that can achieve <1 μg/L are prohibitive, which highlights the need for innovative methods that can remove arsenic to <1 μg/L without costly support infrastructure and complicated supply chains. In this work, we used Fe(0) electrolysis, a low cost and scalable technology that is also known as Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC), to achieve <1 μg/L residual dissolved arsenic. We compared the arsenic removal performance of green rust (GR), ferric (oxyhydr)oxides (Fe(III) oxides) and magnetite (Mag) generated by EC at different pH (7.5 and 9) in the presence of As(III) or As(V) (initial concentrations of 200–11,000 μg/L). Although GR and Fe(III) oxides removed up to 99% of initial arsenic, neither Fe phase could reliably meet the 1 μg/L target at both pH values. In contrast, EC-generated Mag consistently achieved <1 μg/L, regardless of the initial As(V) concentration and pH. Only solutions with initial As(III) concentrations ≥2200 μg/L resulted in residual arsenic >1 μg/L. As K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Mag also sorbed arsenic in a unique mode, consistent with partial arsenic incorporation near the particle surface. This sorption mode contrasts with the binuclear, corner sharing surface complex for GR and Fe(III) oxides, which could explain the difference in arsenic removal efficiency among the three Fe phases. Our results suggest that EC-generated Mag is an attractive method for achieving <1 μg/L particularly in decentralized water treatment. [Display omitted] •Strategies to treat arsenic (As) to <1 μg/L are needed around the world.•Fe(0) electrocoagulation (EC) is a simple and reliable decentralized treatment method.•Magnetite generated by Fe(0) EC consistently decreased As(III) or As(V) to <1 μg/L.•EC-generated green rust and Fe(III) oxides were less effective at achieving 1 μg/L.•EC-magnetite removed As by structural incorporation near the particle surface.]]></abstract><cop>OXFORD</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>31655435</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2019.115170</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-6545</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-0697</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-643X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-4834</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000207286545</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000266970697</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Arsenic treatment
Electrocoagulation
Engineering
Engineering, Environmental
Environmental Sciences
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
EXAFS spectroscopy
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Mineral formation
Oxyanion incorporation
Physical Sciences
Science & Technology
Technology
Water Resources
title Achieving arsenic concentrations of <1 μg/L by Fe(0) electrolysis: The exceptional performance of magnetite
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