Cancer‐associated fibroblasts promote malignancy of gastric cancer cells via Nodal signalling

The roles of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in progression of gastric cancer (GC) are far from well illustration. Here, we show that CAFs can trigger the proliferation and decrease the doxorubicin (Dox) sensitivity of GC cells via secretion of Nodal, one embryonic morphogen that can promote malignancy of various cancers. The neutralization antibody of Nodal can attenuate CAFs‐induced cell proliferation. Further, CAFs can activate the Smad2/3 signal, which further increase the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of Akt, in GC cells. While anti‐Nodal can abolish the CAFs‐induced activation of Smad2/3/Akt signals. Further, both inhibitors of Smad2/3 and Akt can attenuate CAFs‐induced proliferation of GC cells. All these data suggest that CAFs can increase the malignancy of GC cells via Nodal‐induced activation of Smad2/3/Akt signals. It indicates that CAFs/Nodal signals might be a potential new target of clinical interventions for GC patients. Significance of the study The roles about CAFs in progression of GC are not well illustrated. Our present study reveals that CAFs can increase the proliferation and decrease the Dox sensitivity of GC cells via secretion of Nodal. The secreted Nodal further activated Samd2/3/Akt signals to trigger the GC progression. It suggests that targeted inhibition CAFs/Nodal might be a potential approach for GC therapy.