The occurrence of vanadium in nature: its biogeochemical cycling and relationship with organic matter—a case study of the Early Cambrian black rocks of the Niutitang Formation, western Hunan, China
Vanadium in the black rocks has economic and environmental impacts. In sediments, it is broadly disseminated as a multivalent metal element mainly sensitive to redox settings. Globally in petroleum, it is considered an abundant component. Vanadium is an essential tool to determine the relationship o...
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description | Vanadium in the black rocks has economic and environmental impacts. In sediments, it is broadly disseminated as a multivalent metal element mainly sensitive to redox settings. Globally in petroleum, it is considered an abundant component. Vanadium is an essential tool to determine the relationship of the Earth with extra-terrestrial bodies. In the Yangtze region, the black rocks of the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation are highly enriched in the concentration of V, Co, Ni and Mo. These sediments are comprised of a high total organic carbon content, and the average concentration of vanadium is over 240 ppm. Here we discuss the mechanisms and conditions that were responsible for the accumulation of vanadium in these black sediments in the Yangtze region. The oxygenated ocean water is favorable for the dissolved vanadate species V(V). Therefore, in oxic ocean-water, it can be reduced by organic matters or by H
2
S to vanadyl ions V(IV), which can facilely be adsorbed to the tiny particles and finally deposit into the sediments with the settling of the particles. The presence of V
2
O
3
in the Niutitang Formation indicates the isomorphism state of vanadium existence in the clay minerals. Clays and pyrite are the most favorable mineral for vanadium enrichment. However, it is suggested the quartz of non-biogenic origin might be unfavorable for vanadium enrichment. Vanadium is mainly derived from the diagenetic transformation of its precursor (porphyrin pigments and chlorophyll) from the organism. During the Early Cambrian period, the massive transgression in the sea level created a favorable environment for organisms to survive. Additionally, the hydrothermal activities brought massive nutrient supply in the form of vanadium and other metal elements from the deep Earth. These creatures consumed the vanadium-rich nutrients, which became a part of their bodies in the form of hard and soft parts. Later on, when these organisms died and were submerged in the sediments. After the diagenetic actions, this vanadium became a part of these black sediments along with organic carbon. Therefore, these black rocks in the Yangtze region are enriched in vanadium and organic carbon. It is suggested the various processes such as adsorption, complexation, and reductions are the main factors responsible for the precipitation of dissolved vanadium into the organically rich sediments. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11631-021-00482-2 |
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2
S to vanadyl ions V(IV), which can facilely be adsorbed to the tiny particles and finally deposit into the sediments with the settling of the particles. The presence of V
2
O
3
in the Niutitang Formation indicates the isomorphism state of vanadium existence in the clay minerals. Clays and pyrite are the most favorable mineral for vanadium enrichment. However, it is suggested the quartz of non-biogenic origin might be unfavorable for vanadium enrichment. Vanadium is mainly derived from the diagenetic transformation of its precursor (porphyrin pigments and chlorophyll) from the organism. During the Early Cambrian period, the massive transgression in the sea level created a favorable environment for organisms to survive. Additionally, the hydrothermal activities brought massive nutrient supply in the form of vanadium and other metal elements from the deep Earth. These creatures consumed the vanadium-rich nutrients, which became a part of their bodies in the form of hard and soft parts. Later on, when these organisms died and were submerged in the sediments. After the diagenetic actions, this vanadium became a part of these black sediments along with organic carbon. Therefore, these black rocks in the Yangtze region are enriched in vanadium and organic carbon. It is suggested the various processes such as adsorption, complexation, and reductions are the main factors responsible for the precipitation of dissolved vanadium into the organically rich sediments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2096-0956</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2365-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11631-021-00482-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Heidelberg: Science Press</publisher><subject>Biogeochemical cycles ; Cambrian ; Carbon ; Carbon content ; Chlorophyll ; Chlorophylls ; Clay ; Clay minerals ; Diagenesis ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Economics ; Enrichment ; Environmental impact ; Geochemistry ; Heavy metals ; Hydrogen sulfide ; Isomorphism ; Minerals ; Molybdenum ; Nickel ; Nutrient cycles ; Nutrients ; Organic carbon ; Organic matter ; Organisms ; Original Article ; Oxidoreductions ; Petroleum ; Pigments ; Porphyrins ; Pyrite ; Rock ; Rocks ; Sea level ; Seawater ; Sediment ; Sediments ; Survival ; Total organic carbon ; Vanadate ; Vanadium ; Vanadium oxides ; Vanadyl ions</subject><ispartof>Acta geochimica, 2021-12, Vol.40 (6), p.973-997</ispartof><rights>Science Press and Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>Science Press and Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><rights>Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a376t-8f7c3125ddff7b7b80bdd133a7cc54be686b4a961a03cdbfbd028241ad0af2913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a376t-8f7c3125ddff7b7b80bdd133a7cc54be686b4a961a03cdbfbd028241ad0af2913</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4035-8579</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/images/PeriodicalImages/zgdqhx-e/zgdqhx-e.jpg</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11631-021-00482-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11631-021-00482-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Awan, Rizwan Sarwar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chenglin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Shangfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yuping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zang, Qibiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Ashar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Guoxiong</creatorcontrib><title>The occurrence of vanadium in nature: its biogeochemical cycling and relationship with organic matter—a case study of the Early Cambrian black rocks of the Niutitang Formation, western Hunan, China</title><title>Acta geochimica</title><addtitle>Acta Geochim</addtitle><description>Vanadium in the black rocks has economic and environmental impacts. In sediments, it is broadly disseminated as a multivalent metal element mainly sensitive to redox settings. Globally in petroleum, it is considered an abundant component. Vanadium is an essential tool to determine the relationship of the Earth with extra-terrestrial bodies. In the Yangtze region, the black rocks of the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation are highly enriched in the concentration of V, Co, Ni and Mo. These sediments are comprised of a high total organic carbon content, and the average concentration of vanadium is over 240 ppm. Here we discuss the mechanisms and conditions that were responsible for the accumulation of vanadium in these black sediments in the Yangtze region. The oxygenated ocean water is favorable for the dissolved vanadate species V(V). Therefore, in oxic ocean-water, it can be reduced by organic matters or by H
2
S to vanadyl ions V(IV), which can facilely be adsorbed to the tiny particles and finally deposit into the sediments with the settling of the particles. The presence of V
2
O
3
in the Niutitang Formation indicates the isomorphism state of vanadium existence in the clay minerals. Clays and pyrite are the most favorable mineral for vanadium enrichment. However, it is suggested the quartz of non-biogenic origin might be unfavorable for vanadium enrichment. Vanadium is mainly derived from the diagenetic transformation of its precursor (porphyrin pigments and chlorophyll) from the organism. During the Early Cambrian period, the massive transgression in the sea level created a favorable environment for organisms to survive. Additionally, the hydrothermal activities brought massive nutrient supply in the form of vanadium and other metal elements from the deep Earth. These creatures consumed the vanadium-rich nutrients, which became a part of their bodies in the form of hard and soft parts. Later on, when these organisms died and were submerged in the sediments. After the diagenetic actions, this vanadium became a part of these black sediments along with organic carbon. Therefore, these black rocks in the Yangtze region are enriched in vanadium and organic carbon. It is suggested the various processes such as adsorption, complexation, and reductions are the main factors responsible for the precipitation of dissolved vanadium into the organically rich sediments.</description><subject>Biogeochemical cycles</subject><subject>Cambrian</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon content</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Chlorophylls</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Clay minerals</subject><subject>Diagenesis</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hydrogen sulfide</subject><subject>Isomorphism</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Molybdenum</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Nutrient cycles</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Organisms</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Oxidoreductions</subject><subject>Petroleum</subject><subject>Pigments</subject><subject>Porphyrins</subject><subject>Pyrite</subject><subject>Rock</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Total organic carbon</subject><subject>Vanadate</subject><subject>Vanadium</subject><subject>Vanadium oxides</subject><subject>Vanadyl ions</subject><issn>2096-0956</issn><issn>2365-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU1u1TAUhSNEJarSDTCyxAiJgH8SJ2GGnlqKVNFJO7auf5K4TexX2-H1MWIR7Il9sBLcplVnHVi-V_rOOVc6RfGO4E8E4-ZzJIQzUmKaH65aWtJXxSFlvC6bqute5xl3vMRdzd8UxzFeY4xJy3lVtYfF38vRIK_UEoJxKo89-gkOtF1mZB1ykJZgviCbIpLWD8ar0cxWwYTUXk3WDQicRsFMkKx3cbRbtLNpRD4M4KxCM6Rkwr_ffwApiAbFtOj9fUrKuScQpj3awCyDBYfkBOoGBa9u4hPxwy7JJsgxpz7MDxkf0c7E7OnQ2eIgr5vROnhbHPQwRXP8-B8VV6cnl5uz8vzi2_fN1_MSWMNT2faNYoTWWvd9IxvZYqk1YQwapepKGt5yWUHHCWCmtOylxrSlFQGNoacdYUfFh9V3B67Pd4lrvwSXE8WvQd-Od8LQ3APmGLeZfb-y2-Bvl3z0M0zrtu4qXrMuU3SlVPAxBtOLbbAzhL0gWNz3K9Z-RfYVD_0KmkVsFcUMu8GEZ-sXVP8BDHutHQ</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Awan, Rizwan Sarwar</creator><creator>Liu, Chenglin</creator><creator>Yang, Shangfeng</creator><creator>Wu, Yuping</creator><creator>Zang, Qibiao</creator><creator>Khan, Ashar</creator><creator>Li, Guoxiong</creator><general>Science Press</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China%Water and Power Development Authority,Lahore Pakistan</general><general>College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>2B.</scope><scope>4A8</scope><scope>92I</scope><scope>93N</scope><scope>PSX</scope><scope>TCJ</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-8579</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>The occurrence of vanadium in nature: its biogeochemical cycling and relationship with organic matter—a case study of the Early Cambrian black rocks of the Niutitang Formation, western Hunan, China</title><author>Awan, Rizwan Sarwar ; Liu, Chenglin ; Yang, Shangfeng ; Wu, Yuping ; Zang, Qibiao ; Khan, Ashar ; Li, Guoxiong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a376t-8f7c3125ddff7b7b80bdd133a7cc54be686b4a961a03cdbfbd028241ad0af2913</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Biogeochemical cycles</topic><topic>Cambrian</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon content</topic><topic>Chlorophyll</topic><topic>Chlorophylls</topic><topic>Clay</topic><topic>Clay minerals</topic><topic>Diagenesis</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Hydrogen sulfide</topic><topic>Isomorphism</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Molybdenum</topic><topic>Nickel</topic><topic>Nutrient cycles</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Organic carbon</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Organisms</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Oxidoreductions</topic><topic>Petroleum</topic><topic>Pigments</topic><topic>Porphyrins</topic><topic>Pyrite</topic><topic>Rock</topic><topic>Rocks</topic><topic>Sea level</topic><topic>Seawater</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>Total organic carbon</topic><topic>Vanadate</topic><topic>Vanadium</topic><topic>Vanadium oxides</topic><topic>Vanadyl ions</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Awan, Rizwan Sarwar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chenglin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Shangfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yuping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zang, Qibiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Ashar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Guoxiong</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals - Hong Kong</collection><collection>WANFANG Data Centre</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals</collection><collection>万方数据期刊 - 香港版</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><jtitle>Acta geochimica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Awan, Rizwan Sarwar</au><au>Liu, Chenglin</au><au>Yang, Shangfeng</au><au>Wu, Yuping</au><au>Zang, Qibiao</au><au>Khan, Ashar</au><au>Li, Guoxiong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The occurrence of vanadium in nature: its biogeochemical cycling and relationship with organic matter—a case study of the Early Cambrian black rocks of the Niutitang Formation, western Hunan, China</atitle><jtitle>Acta geochimica</jtitle><stitle>Acta Geochim</stitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>973</spage><epage>997</epage><pages>973-997</pages><issn>2096-0956</issn><eissn>2365-7499</eissn><abstract>Vanadium in the black rocks has economic and environmental impacts. In sediments, it is broadly disseminated as a multivalent metal element mainly sensitive to redox settings. Globally in petroleum, it is considered an abundant component. Vanadium is an essential tool to determine the relationship of the Earth with extra-terrestrial bodies. In the Yangtze region, the black rocks of the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation are highly enriched in the concentration of V, Co, Ni and Mo. These sediments are comprised of a high total organic carbon content, and the average concentration of vanadium is over 240 ppm. Here we discuss the mechanisms and conditions that were responsible for the accumulation of vanadium in these black sediments in the Yangtze region. The oxygenated ocean water is favorable for the dissolved vanadate species V(V). Therefore, in oxic ocean-water, it can be reduced by organic matters or by H
2
S to vanadyl ions V(IV), which can facilely be adsorbed to the tiny particles and finally deposit into the sediments with the settling of the particles. The presence of V
2
O
3
in the Niutitang Formation indicates the isomorphism state of vanadium existence in the clay minerals. Clays and pyrite are the most favorable mineral for vanadium enrichment. However, it is suggested the quartz of non-biogenic origin might be unfavorable for vanadium enrichment. Vanadium is mainly derived from the diagenetic transformation of its precursor (porphyrin pigments and chlorophyll) from the organism. During the Early Cambrian period, the massive transgression in the sea level created a favorable environment for organisms to survive. Additionally, the hydrothermal activities brought massive nutrient supply in the form of vanadium and other metal elements from the deep Earth. These creatures consumed the vanadium-rich nutrients, which became a part of their bodies in the form of hard and soft parts. Later on, when these organisms died and were submerged in the sediments. After the diagenetic actions, this vanadium became a part of these black sediments along with organic carbon. Therefore, these black rocks in the Yangtze region are enriched in vanadium and organic carbon. It is suggested the various processes such as adsorption, complexation, and reductions are the main factors responsible for the precipitation of dissolved vanadium into the organically rich sediments.</abstract><cop>Heidelberg</cop><pub>Science Press</pub><doi>10.1007/s11631-021-00482-2</doi><tpages>25</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-8579</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Biogeochemical cycles Cambrian Carbon Carbon content Chlorophyll Chlorophylls Clay Clay minerals Diagenesis Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Economics Enrichment Environmental impact Geochemistry Heavy metals Hydrogen sulfide Isomorphism Minerals Molybdenum Nickel Nutrient cycles Nutrients Organic carbon Organic matter Organisms Original Article Oxidoreductions Petroleum Pigments Porphyrins Pyrite Rock Rocks Sea level Seawater Sediment Sediments Survival Total organic carbon Vanadate Vanadium Vanadium oxides Vanadyl ions |
title | The occurrence of vanadium in nature: its biogeochemical cycling and relationship with organic matter—a case study of the Early Cambrian black rocks of the Niutitang Formation, western Hunan, China |
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