Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys
Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys(SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique.The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction,microstructure,phase transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy,fie...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials metallurgy and materials, 2017-03, Vol.24 (3), p.280-288 |
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creator | Ibrahim, Mustafa K. Hamzah, E. Saud, Safaa N. Abu Bakar, E. N. E. Bahador, A. |
description | Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys(SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique.The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction,microstructure,phase transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),compression tests,and microhardness tests.Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity,presence of precipitates,transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties.The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti–51at%Ni samples sintered at 900°C for 5 min or at 900°C for 30 min.The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19′ were observed in the microstructure of Ti–51at%Ni,and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time.In the DSC thermograms,multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating,whereas a single peak was observed during cooling;these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2,R,and β19′ phases.The maximum strength and strain among the Ti–51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%,respectively,for the sample sintered at 900°C for 30 min because of this sample’s minimal porosity. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12613-017-1406-5 |
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N. E. ; Bahador, A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Mustafa K. ; Hamzah, E. ; Saud, Safaa N. ; Abu Bakar, E. N. E. ; Bahador, A.</creatorcontrib><description>Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys(SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique.The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction,microstructure,phase transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),compression tests,and microhardness tests.Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity,presence of precipitates,transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties.The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti–51at%Ni samples sintered at 900°C for 5 min or at 900°C for 30 min.The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19′ were observed in the microstructure of Ti–51at%Ni,and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time.In the DSC thermograms,multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating,whereas a single peak was observed during cooling;these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2,R,and β19′ phases.The maximum strength and strain among the Ti–51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%,respectively,for the sample sintered at 900°C for 30 min because of this sample’s minimal porosity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1674-4799</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1869-103X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12613-017-1406-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing</publisher><subject>Alloys ; Calorimetry ; Ceramics ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Composites ; Compression tests ; Corrosion and Coatings ; Density ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Emission analysis ; Glass ; Light microscopy ; Martensite ; Martensitic transformations ; Materials Science ; Mechanical properties ; Metallic Materials ; Metallurgy ; Microhardness ; Microscopy ; Microstructure ; Microwave sintering ; Natural Materials ; Optical microscopy ; Optical properties ; Pore size ; Porosity ; Powder metallurgy ; Precipitates ; Shape memory alloys ; Sintering ; Sintering (powder metallurgy) ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thin Films ; Transformation temperature ; Tribology ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials, 2017-03, Vol.24 (3), p.280-288</ispartof><rights>University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017</rights><rights>University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017.</rights><rights>Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. 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All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-f0c3f975b6d96c349311f6a1295db4e9567345705ced24818350457cc3732e833</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-f0c3f975b6d96c349311f6a1295db4e9567345705ced24818350457cc3732e833</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://image.cqvip.com/vip1000/qk/85313A/85313A.jpg</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12613-017-1406-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2919480827?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21368,27903,27904,33723,41467,42536,43784,51297</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Mustafa K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamzah, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saud, Safaa N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abu Bakar, E. N. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bahador, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys</title><title>International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials</title><addtitle>Int J Miner Metall Mater</addtitle><addtitle>International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials</addtitle><description>Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys(SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique.The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction,microstructure,phase transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),compression tests,and microhardness tests.Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity,presence of precipitates,transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties.The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti–51at%Ni samples sintered at 900°C for 5 min or at 900°C for 30 min.The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19′ were observed in the microstructure of Ti–51at%Ni,and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time.In the DSC thermograms,multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating,whereas a single peak was observed during cooling;these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2,R,and β19′ phases.The maximum strength and strain among the Ti–51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%,respectively,for the sample sintered at 900°C for 30 min because of this sample’s minimal porosity.</description><subject>Alloys</subject><subject>Calorimetry</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Composites</subject><subject>Compression tests</subject><subject>Corrosion and Coatings</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Differential scanning calorimetry</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Light microscopy</subject><subject>Martensite</subject><subject>Martensitic transformations</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Metallic Materials</subject><subject>Metallurgy</subject><subject>Microhardness</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Microwave sintering</subject><subject>Natural Materials</subject><subject>Optical microscopy</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Pore size</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Powder metallurgy</subject><subject>Precipitates</subject><subject>Shape memory alloys</subject><subject>Sintering</subject><subject>Sintering (powder metallurgy)</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Transformation temperature</subject><subject>Tribology</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>1674-4799</issn><issn>1869-103X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1uFDEQhVsIJELgAOwsIVaowdX-X6IIEqQAmyCxszzu8kwPM-6O7SGZHXfIDTkJbnVEdlm5LH3vleq9pnkN9D1Qqj5k6CSwloJqgVPZiifNCWhpWqDs59M6S8Vbrox53rzIeUupVIqqk2b8Ovg03rjfSPIQC6YhrgmGgL5kMkZSNkj2M5JLOvhySEhc7Mke_cbFwbsdmdI4YSoDVj6Qq-HvnzsBrrz9NpC8cVOV435MR-J2u_GYXzbPgttlfHX_njY_Pn-6OrtoL7-ffzn7eNl6ZmRpA_UsGCVWsjfSM24YQJAOOiP6FUcjpGJcKCo89h3XoJmg9e89U6xDzdhp827xvXExuLi22_GQYt1oV9tf2_72dmWxq2lRVtOr9JuFrsdcHzCXB7wzYLimupspWKg5jpww2CkNe5eOFqidW7BLC7b62rkFK6qmWzR5mqPF9OD8mIjdL9qMcX1ddf83ydqjEtrUczU3QnAtoE5aCPYPJNeZ4A</recordid><startdate>20170301</startdate><enddate>20170301</enddate><creator>Ibrahim, Mustafa K.</creator><creator>Hamzah, E.</creator><creator>Saud, Safaa N.</creator><creator>Abu Bakar, E. 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N. E.</au><au>Bahador, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys</atitle><jtitle>International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials</jtitle><stitle>Int J Miner Metall Mater</stitle><addtitle>International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials</addtitle><date>2017-03-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>280</spage><epage>288</epage><pages>280-288</pages><issn>1674-4799</issn><eissn>1869-103X</eissn><abstract>Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys(SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique.The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction,microstructure,phase transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),compression tests,and microhardness tests.Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity,presence of precipitates,transformation temperatures,and mechanical properties.The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti–51at%Ni samples sintered at 900°C for 5 min or at 900°C for 30 min.The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19′ were observed in the microstructure of Ti–51at%Ni,and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time.In the DSC thermograms,multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating,whereas a single peak was observed during cooling;these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2,R,and β19′ phases.The maximum strength and strain among the Ti–51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%,respectively,for the sample sintered at 900°C for 30 min because of this sample’s minimal porosity.</abstract><cop>Beijing</cop><pub>University of Science and Technology Beijing</pub><doi>10.1007/s12613-017-1406-5</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Alloys Calorimetry Ceramics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Composites Compression tests Corrosion and Coatings Density Differential scanning calorimetry Emission analysis Glass Light microscopy Martensite Martensitic transformations Materials Science Mechanical properties Metallic Materials Metallurgy Microhardness Microscopy Microstructure Microwave sintering Natural Materials Optical microscopy Optical properties Pore size Porosity Powder metallurgy Precipitates Shape memory alloys Sintering Sintering (powder metallurgy) Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films Transformation temperature Tribology X-ray diffraction |
title | Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–51at%Ni shape memory alloys |
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