Acute-phase protein synthesis: a key feature of innate immune functions of the liver

The expression of acute-phase proteins (APP’s) maintains homeostasis and tissue repair, but also represents a central component of the organism’s defense strategy, especially in the context of innate immunity. Accordingly, an inflammatory response is accompanied by significant changes in the serum p...

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Veröffentlicht in:Biological chemistry 2021-08, Vol.402 (9), p.1129-1145
Hauptverfasser: Ehlting, Christian, Wolf, Stephanie D., Bode, Johannes G.
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description The expression of acute-phase proteins (APP’s) maintains homeostasis and tissue repair, but also represents a central component of the organism’s defense strategy, especially in the context of innate immunity. Accordingly, an inflammatory response is accompanied by significant changes in the serum protein composition, an aspect that is also used diagnostically. As the main site of APP synthesis the liver is constantly exposed to antigens or pathogens via blood flow, but also to systemic inflammatory signals originating either from the splanchnic area or from the circulation. Under both homeostatic and acute-phase response (APR) conditions the composition of APP’s is determined by the pattern of regulatory mediators derived from the systemic circulation or from local cell populations, especially liver macrophages. The key regulators mentioned here most frequently are IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition to a variety of molecular mediators described mainly on the basis of studies, recent data emphasize the relevance of cellular key effectors as well as molecular key mediators and protein modifications for the regulation and function of APP’s. These are aspects, on which the present review is primarily focused.
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subjects Acute phase proteins
Acute-Phase Proteins - immunology
Acute-Phase Proteins - metabolism
acute-phase response
alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein
alpha-2-macroglobulin
Amyloid precursor protein
Animals
Antigens
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Blood flow
Composition
hepatocyte
Hepatocytes
Homeostasis
Humans
IL-1β
Immunity, Innate
In vivo methods and tests
Inflammation
Inflammatory response
Innate immunity
Interleukin 6
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Liver
Liver - immunology
Liver - metabolism
Macrophages
Protein biosynthesis
Protein composition
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Science & Technology
serum amyloid A
Serum proteins
Tumor necrosis factor-α
title Acute-phase protein synthesis: a key feature of innate immune functions of the liver
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