An Experimental Cold Gas Cannon for the Study of Porcine Lung Contusion and Behind Armor Blunt Trauma
Behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) is a non-penetrating injury caused by the rapid deformation of body armor, by a projectile, which may in extreme circumstances cause death. The understanding of the mechanisms is still low, in relation to what is needed for safety threshold levels. Few models of grad...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of biomedical engineering 2023-12, Vol.51 (12), p.2762-2771 |
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| creator | Karlsson, Tomas Olsson, Lars-Gunnar Gustavsson, Jenny Arborelius, Ulf P. Risling, Mårten Günther, Mattias |
| description | Behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) is a non-penetrating injury caused by the rapid deformation of body armor, by a projectile, which may in extreme circumstances cause death. The understanding of the mechanisms is still low, in relation to what is needed for safety threshold levels. Few models of graded kinetic energy transfer to the body exist. We established an experimental model for graded BABT. The cold gas cannon was air-driven, consisted of a pressure vessel, a barrel, and a pressure actuator. It required short training to operate and was constructed by standard components. It produced standardized expulsion of plastic projectiles with 65 mm and weight 58 g. Velocity correlated linearly to pressure (
R
0.9602,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10439-023-03334-7 |
| format | Article |
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R
0.9602,
p
< 0.0001), equation
Y
= 6.558*
X
+ 46.50. Maximum tested pressure was 10 bar, velocity 110 m/s and kinetic energy (
E
k
) 351 J. Crossbred male swine (
n
= 10) mean weight (SD) 56 ± 3 kg, were subjected to BABT, mean
E
k
(SD) 318 (61) J, to a fix point on the right lateral thorax. Pulmonary contusion was confirmed by physiological parameters pO
2
(
p
< 0.05), SaO
2
(
p
< 0.01), pCO
2
(
p
< 0.01), etCO
2
(
p
< 0.01), MPAP (
p
< 0.01), Cstat (
p
< 0.01), intrapulmonary shunt (
Q
′
s
/
Q
′
t
) (
p
< 0.05), and qualified trans-thoracic ultrasound (
p
< 0.0001). The consistent injury profile enabled for the addition of future experimental interventions.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-6964</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-9686</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03334-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37532895</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Actuators ; Armor ; Biochemistry ; Biological and Medical Physics ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; Biomedicine ; Biophysics ; Classical Mechanics ; Cold gas ; Contusions ; Energy transfer ; Expulsion ; Kinetic energy ; Original Article ; Pressure vessels ; Projectiles ; Standard components ; Thorax ; Trauma ; Velocity ; Weight</subject><ispartof>Annals of biomedical engineering, 2023-12, Vol.51 (12), p.2762-2771</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-4984f72a38c2ec8be43d03f7cf764eb5ae33ccf04eadb75edde400d10a7e60943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-4984f72a38c2ec8be43d03f7cf764eb5ae33ccf04eadb75edde400d10a7e60943</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2372-6114</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-023-03334-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10439-023-03334-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,550,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37532895$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:153354531$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Karlsson, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olsson, Lars-Gunnar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gustavsson, Jenny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arborelius, Ulf P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Risling, Mårten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Günther, Mattias</creatorcontrib><title>An Experimental Cold Gas Cannon for the Study of Porcine Lung Contusion and Behind Armor Blunt Trauma</title><title>Annals of biomedical engineering</title><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) is a non-penetrating injury caused by the rapid deformation of body armor, by a projectile, which may in extreme circumstances cause death. The understanding of the mechanisms is still low, in relation to what is needed for safety threshold levels. Few models of graded kinetic energy transfer to the body exist. We established an experimental model for graded BABT. The cold gas cannon was air-driven, consisted of a pressure vessel, a barrel, and a pressure actuator. It required short training to operate and was constructed by standard components. It produced standardized expulsion of plastic projectiles with 65 mm and weight 58 g. Velocity correlated linearly to pressure (
R
0.9602,
p
< 0.0001), equation
Y
= 6.558*
X
+ 46.50. Maximum tested pressure was 10 bar, velocity 110 m/s and kinetic energy (
E
k
) 351 J. Crossbred male swine (
n
= 10) mean weight (SD) 56 ± 3 kg, were subjected to BABT, mean
E
k
(SD) 318 (61) J, to a fix point on the right lateral thorax. Pulmonary contusion was confirmed by physiological parameters pO
2
(
p
< 0.05), SaO
2
(
p
< 0.01), pCO
2
(
p
< 0.01), etCO
2
(
p
< 0.01), MPAP (
p
< 0.01), Cstat (
p
< 0.01), intrapulmonary shunt (
Q
′
s
/
Q
′
t
) (
p
< 0.05), and qualified trans-thoracic ultrasound (
p
< 0.0001). The consistent injury profile enabled for the addition of future experimental interventions.]]></description><subject>Actuators</subject><subject>Armor</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological and Medical Physics</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Cold gas</subject><subject>Contusions</subject><subject>Energy transfer</subject><subject>Expulsion</subject><subject>Kinetic energy</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pressure vessels</subject><subject>Projectiles</subject><subject>Standard components</subject><subject>Thorax</subject><subject>Trauma</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Weight</subject><issn>0090-6964</issn><issn>1573-9686</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EosvCH-CALHHhYhjHdpwct6tSkFZqJcrZcpxJm5LYix0L-u9xu0uROPQ0lueZj3deQt5y-MgB9KfEQYqWQSUYCCEk08_IiistWFs39XOyAmiB1W0tT8irlG4BOG-EeklOhFaialq1Irjx9Oz3HuM4o1_sRLdh6um5TXRrvQ-eDiHS5QbptyX3dzQM9DJEN3qku-yvC-2XnMbCWd_TU7wZS9jEuRSdTtkv9CraPNvX5MVgp4RvjnFNvn8-u9p-YbuL86_bzY45qfTCZNvIQVdWNK5C13QoRQ9i0G7QtcROWRTCuQEk2r7TCvseJUDPwWqsoZViTdihb_qF-9yZfZFl450JdjTHrx_lhaYu5yp3W5MPB34fw8-MaTHzmBxOk_UYcjJVI1WttOb36Pv_0NuQoy9qCtVoLlVZpVDVgXIxpBRxeFyBg7k3zRxMM2W4eTDN6FL07tg6dzP2jyV_XSqAOMoqKX-N8d_sJ9r-ASzqofA</recordid><startdate>20231201</startdate><enddate>20231201</enddate><creator>Karlsson, Tomas</creator><creator>Olsson, Lars-Gunnar</creator><creator>Gustavsson, Jenny</creator><creator>Arborelius, Ulf P.</creator><creator>Risling, Mårten</creator><creator>Günther, Mattias</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature 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Experimental Cold Gas Cannon for the Study of Porcine Lung Contusion and Behind Armor Blunt Trauma</title><author>Karlsson, Tomas ; Olsson, Lars-Gunnar ; Gustavsson, Jenny ; Arborelius, Ulf P. ; Risling, Mårten ; Günther, Mattias</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-4984f72a38c2ec8be43d03f7cf764eb5ae33ccf04eadb75edde400d10a7e60943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Actuators</topic><topic>Armor</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological and Medical Physics</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Cold gas</topic><topic>Contusions</topic><topic>Energy transfer</topic><topic>Expulsion</topic><topic>Kinetic energy</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Pressure vessels</topic><topic>Projectiles</topic><topic>Standard components</topic><topic>Thorax</topic><topic>Trauma</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Weight</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karlsson, Tomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olsson, Lars-Gunnar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gustavsson, Jenny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arborelius, Ulf P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Risling, Mårten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Günther, Mattias</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & 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Contusion and Behind Armor Blunt Trauma</atitle><jtitle>Annals of biomedical engineering</jtitle><stitle>Ann Biomed Eng</stitle><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><date>2023-12-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2762</spage><epage>2771</epage><pages>2762-2771</pages><issn>0090-6964</issn><eissn>1573-9686</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) is a non-penetrating injury caused by the rapid deformation of body armor, by a projectile, which may in extreme circumstances cause death. The understanding of the mechanisms is still low, in relation to what is needed for safety threshold levels. Few models of graded kinetic energy transfer to the body exist. We established an experimental model for graded BABT. The cold gas cannon was air-driven, consisted of a pressure vessel, a barrel, and a pressure actuator. It required short training to operate and was constructed by standard components. It produced standardized expulsion of plastic projectiles with 65 mm and weight 58 g. Velocity correlated linearly to pressure (
R
0.9602,
p
< 0.0001), equation
Y
= 6.558*
X
+ 46.50. Maximum tested pressure was 10 bar, velocity 110 m/s and kinetic energy (
E
k
) 351 J. Crossbred male swine (
n
= 10) mean weight (SD) 56 ± 3 kg, were subjected to BABT, mean
E
k
(SD) 318 (61) J, to a fix point on the right lateral thorax. Pulmonary contusion was confirmed by physiological parameters pO
2
(
p
< 0.05), SaO
2
(
p
< 0.01), pCO
2
(
p
< 0.01), etCO
2
(
p
< 0.01), MPAP (
p
< 0.01), Cstat (
p
< 0.01), intrapulmonary shunt (
Q
′
s
/
Q
′
t
) (
p
< 0.05), and qualified trans-thoracic ultrasound (
p
< 0.0001). The consistent injury profile enabled for the addition of future experimental interventions.]]></abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>37532895</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10439-023-03334-7</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-6114</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Annals of biomedical engineering, 2023-12, Vol.51 (12), p.2762-2771 |
| issn | 0090-6964 1573-9686 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_633402 |
| source | SpringerLink Journals; SWEPUB Freely available online |
| subjects | Actuators Armor Biochemistry Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomedicine Biophysics Classical Mechanics Cold gas Contusions Energy transfer Expulsion Kinetic energy Original Article Pressure vessels Projectiles Standard components Thorax Trauma Velocity Weight |
| title | An Experimental Cold Gas Cannon for the Study of Porcine Lung Contusion and Behind Armor Blunt Trauma |
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