Successful Implementation of Climate-Friendly, Nutritious, and Acceptable School Meals in Practice: The OPTIMAT™ Intervention Study
Introducing children to sustainable and healthy school meals can promote a long-term dietary shift to lower climate impact and improve population health. The aim of the OPTIMAT study was to optimize meals for minimum deviation from the current food supply while reducing greenhouse gases and ensuring...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | SUSTAINABILITY 2020, Vol.12 (20), p.8475 |
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| creator | Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer Eustachio Colombo, Patricia Patterson, Emma Parlesak, Alexandr Lindroos, Anna Karin |
| description | Introducing children to sustainable and healthy school meals can promote a long-term dietary shift to lower climate impact and improve population health. The aim of the OPTIMAT study was to optimize meals for minimum deviation from the current food supply while reducing greenhouse gases and ensuring nutritional adequacy without increasing cost. Optimized menus were tested in four primary schools in Sweden and effects on daily food consumption and waste evaluated. Pupils received their usual menu plan for three weeks and then the isocaloric optimized menu plan for another three weeks. Nutritional recommendations for a school lunch and a maximum of 500 g of carbon dioxide equivalents per meal (CO2 eq/meal) were applied as constraints during linear programming. Pulses, cereals, meat, and eggs increased, while fats and oils, dairy, sauces, and seasonings decreased. The amount of ruminant meat was reduced in favor of other meat products. The new menu was 28% lower in greenhouse gas emissions and slightly less costly than the original. No significant changes in mean food consumption or plate waste were found in interrupted time series analysis between the two periods. This pragmatic approach for combining linear optimization with meal planning could accelerate sustainable development of the meal sector in Sweden and abroad. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su12208475 |
| format | Article |
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The aim of the OPTIMAT study was to optimize meals for minimum deviation from the current food supply while reducing greenhouse gases and ensuring nutritional adequacy without increasing cost. Optimized menus were tested in four primary schools in Sweden and effects on daily food consumption and waste evaluated. Pupils received their usual menu plan for three weeks and then the isocaloric optimized menu plan for another three weeks. Nutritional recommendations for a school lunch and a maximum of 500 g of carbon dioxide equivalents per meal (CO2 eq/meal) were applied as constraints during linear programming. Pulses, cereals, meat, and eggs increased, while fats and oils, dairy, sauces, and seasonings decreased. The amount of ruminant meat was reduced in favor of other meat products. The new menu was 28% lower in greenhouse gas emissions and slightly less costly than the original. No significant changes in mean food consumption or plate waste were found in interrupted time series analysis between the two periods. This pragmatic approach for combining linear optimization with meal planning could accelerate sustainable development of the meal sector in Sweden and abroad.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su12208475</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Carbon dioxide ; Cereals ; Children ; climate effect ; Diet ; dietary shift ; Elementary schools ; Emissions ; Environmental impact ; Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa och socialmedicin ; food ; Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food waste ; Greenhouse effect ; greenhouse gas ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse gases ; Health care ; implementation process ; Intervention ; Linear programming ; long-term change ; Meals ; Meat ; Meat products ; Nutrition and Dietetics ; nutritive value ; Näringslära och dietkunskap ; Oils & fats ; Optimization ; public health ; Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine ; School lunches ; Schools ; Sustainable development ; Sweden ; Time series</subject><ispartof>SUSTAINABILITY, 2020, Vol.12 (20), p.8475</ispartof><rights>2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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This pragmatic approach for combining linear optimization with meal planning could accelerate sustainable development of the meal sector in Sweden and abroad.</description><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>climate effect</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>dietary shift</subject><subject>Elementary schools</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa och socialmedicin</subject><subject>food</subject><subject>Food consumption</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>Food waste</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>greenhouse gas</subject><subject>Greenhouse gas emissions</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>implementation process</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Linear programming</subject><subject>long-term change</subject><subject>Meals</subject><subject>Meat</subject><subject>Meat products</subject><subject>Nutrition and Dietetics</subject><subject>nutritive value</subject><subject>Näringslära och dietkunskap</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>public health</subject><subject>Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine</subject><subject>School lunches</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Sustainable development</subject><subject>Sweden</subject><subject>Time series</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1OwzAMxysEEhPswhNE4oZWSJqmablNE4NJG5u0co6yNN06uqbkA7Q7vAiPxpOQaRNwwhdb9s_-y3YQXCB4jXEGb4xDUQTTmJKjoBNBikIECTz-E58GXWPW0BvGKENJJ_iYOyGkMaWrwWjT1nIjG8ttpRqgSjCoqw23MhzqSjZFve2BR2d15cvO9ABvCtD33a3li1qCuVgpVYOJ5LUBVQNmmgtbCXkL8pUE01k-mvTzr_dPMGqs1K9eZ6cyt67Yngcnpe-S3YM_C56Gd_ngIRxP70eD_jgUmCIbEp7RMhG8oFCQmES4zBKECKVFHNM0xqXACfcepouClDwVWEQFjFCMcREJQfBZEO7nmjfZugVrtd9Pb5niFTuknn0kWQKTBKN_-aVrmU8t3Y7HXiWLPX-551utXpw0lq2V041fiUUkTqm_ekI9dbWnhFbGaFn-zEWQ7T7Jfj-JvwFfY5Ji</recordid><startdate>2020</startdate><enddate>2020</enddate><creator>Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer</creator><creator>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia</creator><creator>Patterson, Emma</creator><creator>Parlesak, Alexandr</creator><creator>Lindroos, Anna Karin</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>F1U</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-3467</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-4300</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-1162</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1208-0936</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-116X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2020</creationdate><title>Successful Implementation of Climate-Friendly, Nutritious, and Acceptable School Meals in Practice: The OPTIMAT™ Intervention Study</title><author>Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer ; 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| subjects | Carbon dioxide Cereals Children climate effect Diet dietary shift Elementary schools Emissions Environmental impact Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa och socialmedicin food Food consumption Food supply Food waste Greenhouse effect greenhouse gas Greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gases Health care implementation process Intervention Linear programming long-term change Meals Meat Meat products Nutrition and Dietetics nutritive value Näringslära och dietkunskap Oils & fats Optimization public health Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine School lunches Schools Sustainable development Sweden Time series |
| title | Successful Implementation of Climate-Friendly, Nutritious, and Acceptable School Meals in Practice: The OPTIMAT™ Intervention Study |
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