Education and dementia : What lies behind the association?
Low education seems to be associated with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). People with low education have unhealthier lifestyles and more cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear how this affects the association between education and dementia. Participants of the Cardi...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Neurology 2007-10, Vol.69 (14), p.1442-1450 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1450 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 14 |
| container_start_page | 1442 |
| container_title | Neurology |
| container_volume | 69 |
| creator | NGANDU, T VON STRAUSS, E HELKALA, E.-L WINBLAD, B NISSINEN, A TUOMILEHTO, J SOININEN, H KIVIPELTO, M |
| description | Low education seems to be associated with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). People with low education have unhealthier lifestyles and more cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear how this affects the association between education and dementia.
Participants of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study were derived from random, population-based samples previously studied in a survey in 1972, 1977, 1982, or 1987. After an average follow-up of 21 years, 1,449 individuals (72%) aged 65 to 79 participated in a re-examination in 1998.
Compared to individuals with formal education of 5 years or less, those with 6 to 8 years of education had OR of 0.57 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.13), and those with 9 years of education or more had OR of 0.16 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.41) for dementia. The corresponding ORs for AD were 0.49 (0.24 to 1.00) and 0.15 (0.05 to 0.40). The associations remained unchanged after adjustments for several demographic, socioeconomic, vascular, and lifestyle characteristics. The results were similar among both men and women. ApoE4 did not modify the association, but the risk of dementia and AD was very low among ApoE4 noncarriers with high education.
The association between low education and dementia is probably not explained by the unhealthy lifestyles of the less educated compared with higher educated persons. Higher educated persons may have a greater cognitive reserve that can postpone the clinical manifestation of dementia. Unhealthy lifestyles may independently contribute to the depletion of this reserve or directly influence the underlying pathologic processes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277456.29440.16 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_567951</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>68339214</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-357dce20fffd999fadd5d05a85c919c210549ea2561447a01b3ec377b6c5da173</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0U1LHDEYB_BQlLpqv0IZCvUgzJonmSSTvYiobQXBiy-9hWeSTDd1dmadzCB-e6M7dE_FXBLy_-UF_oR8AzoHBuyEwvy5beY0DaZUIeSc6aJIofxEZiCYzCVnv3fILOVlzktV7pH9GP9SmkKlP5M9UJpqEGpGFpdutDiErs2wdZnzK98OAbNF9rDEIWuCj1nllyFlw9JnGGNnw7s_PSS7NTbRf5nmA3L34_L2_Fd-ffPz6vzsOreFgCHnQjnrGa3r2mmta3ROOCqwFFaDtgyoKLRHJiQUhUIKFfeWK1VJKxyC4gck39wbn_16rMy6DyvsX0yHwUxbj2nljZBKC0j--L_-Ityfma7_Y_rHZfIs4aMNXvfd0-jjYFYhWt802PpujEaWnGsGxYcQtFBccZ7gYgNt38XY-_rfB4Cat_4MBZP6M9v-zHt_BmQ6_HV6ZaxW3m2PToUl8H0CGC02dY-tDXHrEpJUMP4K2DCkAg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>19573733</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Education and dementia : What lies behind the association?</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Journals@Ovid Complete</source><creator>NGANDU, T ; VON STRAUSS, E ; HELKALA, E.-L ; WINBLAD, B ; NISSINEN, A ; TUOMILEHTO, J ; SOININEN, H ; KIVIPELTO, M</creator><creatorcontrib>NGANDU, T ; VON STRAUSS, E ; HELKALA, E.-L ; WINBLAD, B ; NISSINEN, A ; TUOMILEHTO, J ; SOININEN, H ; KIVIPELTO, M</creatorcontrib><description>Low education seems to be associated with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). People with low education have unhealthier lifestyles and more cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear how this affects the association between education and dementia.
Participants of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study were derived from random, population-based samples previously studied in a survey in 1972, 1977, 1982, or 1987. After an average follow-up of 21 years, 1,449 individuals (72%) aged 65 to 79 participated in a re-examination in 1998.
Compared to individuals with formal education of 5 years or less, those with 6 to 8 years of education had OR of 0.57 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.13), and those with 9 years of education or more had OR of 0.16 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.41) for dementia. The corresponding ORs for AD were 0.49 (0.24 to 1.00) and 0.15 (0.05 to 0.40). The associations remained unchanged after adjustments for several demographic, socioeconomic, vascular, and lifestyle characteristics. The results were similar among both men and women. ApoE4 did not modify the association, but the risk of dementia and AD was very low among ApoE4 noncarriers with high education.
The association between low education and dementia is probably not explained by the unhealthy lifestyles of the less educated compared with higher educated persons. Higher educated persons may have a greater cognitive reserve that can postpone the clinical manifestation of dementia. Unhealthy lifestyles may independently contribute to the depletion of this reserve or directly influence the underlying pathologic processes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-3878</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1526-632X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-632X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277456.29440.16</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17909157</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NEURAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Aged ; alzheimer disease ; Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology ; Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology ; Alzheimer Disease - psychology ; Apolipoproteins E - genetics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain - pathology ; Brain - physiopathology ; cardiovascular risk factors ; Comorbidity ; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases ; Dementia - epidemiology ; Dementia - physiopathology ; Dementia - psychology ; Disease Progression ; Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes ; Educational Status ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics ; Humans ; Life Style ; lifestyle ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) ; Neurology ; Risk Factors ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors</subject><ispartof>Neurology, 2007-10, Vol.69 (14), p.1442-1450</ispartof><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-357dce20fffd999fadd5d05a85c919c210549ea2561447a01b3ec377b6c5da173</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-357dce20fffd999fadd5d05a85c919c210549ea2561447a01b3ec377b6c5da173</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19156052$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17909157$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-562$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:116183961$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>NGANDU, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VON STRAUSS, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HELKALA, E.-L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WINBLAD, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NISSINEN, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TUOMILEHTO, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SOININEN, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KIVIPELTO, M</creatorcontrib><title>Education and dementia : What lies behind the association?</title><title>Neurology</title><addtitle>Neurology</addtitle><description>Low education seems to be associated with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). People with low education have unhealthier lifestyles and more cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear how this affects the association between education and dementia.
Participants of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study were derived from random, population-based samples previously studied in a survey in 1972, 1977, 1982, or 1987. After an average follow-up of 21 years, 1,449 individuals (72%) aged 65 to 79 participated in a re-examination in 1998.
Compared to individuals with formal education of 5 years or less, those with 6 to 8 years of education had OR of 0.57 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.13), and those with 9 years of education or more had OR of 0.16 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.41) for dementia. The corresponding ORs for AD were 0.49 (0.24 to 1.00) and 0.15 (0.05 to 0.40). The associations remained unchanged after adjustments for several demographic, socioeconomic, vascular, and lifestyle characteristics. The results were similar among both men and women. ApoE4 did not modify the association, but the risk of dementia and AD was very low among ApoE4 noncarriers with high education.
The association between low education and dementia is probably not explained by the unhealthy lifestyles of the less educated compared with higher educated persons. Higher educated persons may have a greater cognitive reserve that can postpone the clinical manifestation of dementia. Unhealthy lifestyles may independently contribute to the depletion of this reserve or directly influence the underlying pathologic processes.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>alzheimer disease</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - psychology</subject><subject>Apolipoproteins E - genetics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Brain - physiopathology</subject><subject>cardiovascular risk factors</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</subject><subject>Dementia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dementia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Dementia - psychology</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Style</subject><subject>lifestyle</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Risk Reduction Behavior</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><issn>0028-3878</issn><issn>1526-632X</issn><issn>1526-632X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1LHDEYB_BQlLpqv0IZCvUgzJonmSSTvYiobQXBiy-9hWeSTDd1dmadzCB-e6M7dE_FXBLy_-UF_oR8AzoHBuyEwvy5beY0DaZUIeSc6aJIofxEZiCYzCVnv3fILOVlzktV7pH9GP9SmkKlP5M9UJpqEGpGFpdutDiErs2wdZnzK98OAbNF9rDEIWuCj1nllyFlw9JnGGNnw7s_PSS7NTbRf5nmA3L34_L2_Fd-ffPz6vzsOreFgCHnQjnrGa3r2mmta3ROOCqwFFaDtgyoKLRHJiQUhUIKFfeWK1VJKxyC4gck39wbn_16rMy6DyvsX0yHwUxbj2nljZBKC0j--L_-Ityfma7_Y_rHZfIs4aMNXvfd0-jjYFYhWt802PpujEaWnGsGxYcQtFBccZ7gYgNt38XY-_rfB4Cat_4MBZP6M9v-zHt_BmQ6_HV6ZaxW3m2PToUl8H0CGC02dY-tDXHrEpJUMP4K2DCkAg</recordid><startdate>20071002</startdate><enddate>20071002</enddate><creator>NGANDU, T</creator><creator>VON STRAUSS, E</creator><creator>HELKALA, E.-L</creator><creator>WINBLAD, B</creator><creator>NISSINEN, A</creator><creator>TUOMILEHTO, J</creator><creator>SOININEN, H</creator><creator>KIVIPELTO, M</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20071002</creationdate><title>Education and dementia : What lies behind the association?</title><author>NGANDU, T ; VON STRAUSS, E ; HELKALA, E.-L ; WINBLAD, B ; NISSINEN, A ; TUOMILEHTO, J ; SOININEN, H ; KIVIPELTO, M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-357dce20fffd999fadd5d05a85c919c210549ea2561447a01b3ec377b6c5da173</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>alzheimer disease</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - psychology</topic><topic>Apolipoproteins E - genetics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain - pathology</topic><topic>Brain - physiopathology</topic><topic>cardiovascular risk factors</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</topic><topic>Dementia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Dementia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Dementia - psychology</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Style</topic><topic>lifestyle</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Risk Reduction Behavior</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>NGANDU, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VON STRAUSS, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HELKALA, E.-L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WINBLAD, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NISSINEN, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TUOMILEHTO, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SOININEN, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KIVIPELTO, M</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><jtitle>Neurology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>NGANDU, T</au><au>VON STRAUSS, E</au><au>HELKALA, E.-L</au><au>WINBLAD, B</au><au>NISSINEN, A</au><au>TUOMILEHTO, J</au><au>SOININEN, H</au><au>KIVIPELTO, M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Education and dementia : What lies behind the association?</atitle><jtitle>Neurology</jtitle><addtitle>Neurology</addtitle><date>2007-10-02</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>69</volume><issue>14</issue><spage>1442</spage><epage>1450</epage><pages>1442-1450</pages><issn>0028-3878</issn><issn>1526-632X</issn><eissn>1526-632X</eissn><coden>NEURAI</coden><abstract>Low education seems to be associated with an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). People with low education have unhealthier lifestyles and more cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear how this affects the association between education and dementia.
Participants of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study were derived from random, population-based samples previously studied in a survey in 1972, 1977, 1982, or 1987. After an average follow-up of 21 years, 1,449 individuals (72%) aged 65 to 79 participated in a re-examination in 1998.
Compared to individuals with formal education of 5 years or less, those with 6 to 8 years of education had OR of 0.57 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.13), and those with 9 years of education or more had OR of 0.16 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.41) for dementia. The corresponding ORs for AD were 0.49 (0.24 to 1.00) and 0.15 (0.05 to 0.40). The associations remained unchanged after adjustments for several demographic, socioeconomic, vascular, and lifestyle characteristics. The results were similar among both men and women. ApoE4 did not modify the association, but the risk of dementia and AD was very low among ApoE4 noncarriers with high education.
The association between low education and dementia is probably not explained by the unhealthy lifestyles of the less educated compared with higher educated persons. Higher educated persons may have a greater cognitive reserve that can postpone the clinical manifestation of dementia. Unhealthy lifestyles may independently contribute to the depletion of this reserve or directly influence the underlying pathologic processes.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>17909157</pmid><doi>10.1212/01.wnl.0000277456.29440.16</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0028-3878 |
| ispartof | Neurology, 2007-10, Vol.69 (14), p.1442-1450 |
| issn | 0028-3878 1526-632X 1526-632X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_567951 |
| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Aged alzheimer disease Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology Alzheimer Disease - psychology Apolipoproteins E - genetics Biological and medical sciences Brain - pathology Brain - physiopathology cardiovascular risk factors Comorbidity Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases Dementia - epidemiology Dementia - physiopathology Dementia - psychology Disease Progression Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes Educational Status Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics Humans Life Style lifestyle Male Medical sciences Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) Neurology Risk Factors Risk Reduction Behavior Socioeconomic Factors |
| title | Education and dementia : What lies behind the association? |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-28T09%3A46%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_swepu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Education%20and%20dementia%20:%20What%20lies%20behind%20the%20association?&rft.jtitle=Neurology&rft.au=NGANDU,%20T&rft.date=2007-10-02&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1442&rft.epage=1450&rft.pages=1442-1450&rft.issn=0028-3878&rft.eissn=1526-632X&rft.coden=NEURAI&rft_id=info:doi/10.1212/01.wnl.0000277456.29440.16&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_swepu%3E68339214%3C/proquest_swepu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=19573733&rft_id=info:pmid/17909157&rfr_iscdi=true |