Biased Recognition of Positive Faces in Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
We investigated age differences in biased recognition of happy, neutral, or angry faces in 4 experiments. Experiment 1 revealed increased true and false recognition for happy faces in older adults, which persisted even when changing each face's emotional expression from study to test in Experim...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychology and aging 2010-03, Vol.25 (1), p.1-15 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 15 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 1 |
| container_title | Psychology and aging |
| container_volume | 25 |
| creator | Werheid, Katja Gruno, Maria Kathmann, Norbert Fischer, Håkan Almkvist, Ove Winblad, Bengt |
| description | We investigated age differences in biased recognition of happy, neutral, or angry faces in 4 experiments. Experiment 1 revealed increased true and false recognition for happy faces in older adults, which persisted even when changing each face's emotional expression from study to test in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we examined the influence of reduced memory capacity on the positivity-induced recognition bias, which showed the absence of emotion-induced memory enhancement but a preserved recognition bias for positive faces in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared with older adults with normal memory performance. In Experiment 4, we used semantic differentials to measure the connotations of happy and angry faces. Younger and older participants regarded happy faces as more familiar than angry faces, but the older group showed a larger recognition bias for happy faces. This finding indicates that older adults use a gist-based memory strategy based on a semantic association between positive emotion and familiarity. Moreover, older adults' judgments of valence were more positive for both angry and happy faces, supporting the hypothesis of socioemotional selectivity. We propose that the positivity-induced recognition bias might be based on fluency, which in turn is based on both positivity-oriented emotional goals and on preexisting semantic associations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/a0018358 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_552578</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>754140665</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a583t-af03a6d6dc042bcb66944cc93b2670794f410fcc1b66d811426525c7bcbe70103</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0m1r1TAUB_AiirtOwU8gRRAVqebksXl5vTodTBSZvg1pmpbMPpncKvv2ntl7tzGYvmpofueQc_hn2WMgr4Ew9cYSAiUT5Z1sBZrpArgu72YrUpa0UFrxg-xBSmeEEAVa3c8OKKGMAGWr7PRtsMnX-VfvxnYI2zAO-djkX8aE518-P7LOpzwM-boNQ5vboc7X_eDTNrj8U-jqfLOUIT3uJxti74ftw-xeY7vkH-2-h9m3o_enm4_FyecPx5v1SWFFybaFbQizspa1I5xWrpJSc-6cZhWViijNGw6kcQ7wpi4BOJWCCqeQekVw8MOsWPqm336aKzPF0Nt4bkYbzO7XDzx5I7BOlej1rX6KY31VtC8E3BQorSXWvrq19l34vjZjbE2ajeAACvXzRWPbnzOuy_QhOd91dvDjnIxCxomU4v-SMaoZ5wzl0xvybJzjgAs2ErgAogH-hSiIkismL173YkEujilF31xOA8RcBMrsA4X0ya7fXPW-voT7BCF4tgM2Ods10Q4upCtHBebv7-tfLs5O1kzp3NmIGep8cnOMmBkz2dZQYcBcG-KmvY7-AMIz63o</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>614510911</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biased Recognition of Positive Faces in Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><creator>Werheid, Katja ; Gruno, Maria ; Kathmann, Norbert ; Fischer, Håkan ; Almkvist, Ove ; Winblad, Bengt</creator><contributor>Blanchard-Fields, Fredda</contributor><creatorcontrib>Werheid, Katja ; Gruno, Maria ; Kathmann, Norbert ; Fischer, Håkan ; Almkvist, Ove ; Winblad, Bengt ; Blanchard-Fields, Fredda</creatorcontrib><description>We investigated age differences in biased recognition of happy, neutral, or angry faces in 4 experiments. Experiment 1 revealed increased true and false recognition for happy faces in older adults, which persisted even when changing each face's emotional expression from study to test in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we examined the influence of reduced memory capacity on the positivity-induced recognition bias, which showed the absence of emotion-induced memory enhancement but a preserved recognition bias for positive faces in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared with older adults with normal memory performance. In Experiment 4, we used semantic differentials to measure the connotations of happy and angry faces. Younger and older participants regarded happy faces as more familiar than angry faces, but the older group showed a larger recognition bias for happy faces. This finding indicates that older adults use a gist-based memory strategy based on a semantic association between positive emotion and familiarity. Moreover, older adults' judgments of valence were more positive for both angry and happy faces, supporting the hypothesis of socioemotional selectivity. We propose that the positivity-induced recognition bias might be based on fluency, which in turn is based on both positivity-oriented emotional goals and on preexisting semantic associations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0882-7974</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1939-1498</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1498</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/a0018358</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20230123</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PAGIEL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Adult. Elderly ; Age Differences ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aging ; Amnesia - diagnosis ; Amnesia - psychology ; amnestic mild cognitive impairment ; Anger ; Association Learning ; Attention ; Bias ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognition Disorders - diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders - psychology ; Cognitive Impairment ; Comparative analysis ; Developmental psychology ; Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes ; Elderly people ; emotion ; Emotion recognition ; Emotions ; Emotions - classification ; Face Perception ; Faces ; Facial Expression ; Facial Expressions ; false recognition ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Geriatrics ; gist-based memory ; Human ; Humans ; Judgment ; Male ; MCI ; Medical sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) ; Neurology ; Older people ; Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psykologi ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Reference Values ; Retention (Psychology) ; SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP ; SOCIAL SCIENCES ; Socialvetenskap ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Psychology and aging, 2010-03, Vol.25 (1), p.1-15</ispartof><rights>2010 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Mar 2010</rights><rights>2010, American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a583t-af03a6d6dc042bcb66944cc93b2670794f410fcc1b66d811426525c7bcbe70103</citedby><orcidid>0000-0003-0556-625X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,30999,31000</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22597443$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20230123$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54117$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:120217996$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Blanchard-Fields, Fredda</contributor><creatorcontrib>Werheid, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gruno, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kathmann, Norbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Håkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almkvist, Ove</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winblad, Bengt</creatorcontrib><title>Biased Recognition of Positive Faces in Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment</title><title>Psychology and aging</title><addtitle>Psychol Aging</addtitle><description>We investigated age differences in biased recognition of happy, neutral, or angry faces in 4 experiments. Experiment 1 revealed increased true and false recognition for happy faces in older adults, which persisted even when changing each face's emotional expression from study to test in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we examined the influence of reduced memory capacity on the positivity-induced recognition bias, which showed the absence of emotion-induced memory enhancement but a preserved recognition bias for positive faces in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared with older adults with normal memory performance. In Experiment 4, we used semantic differentials to measure the connotations of happy and angry faces. Younger and older participants regarded happy faces as more familiar than angry faces, but the older group showed a larger recognition bias for happy faces. This finding indicates that older adults use a gist-based memory strategy based on a semantic association between positive emotion and familiarity. Moreover, older adults' judgments of valence were more positive for both angry and happy faces, supporting the hypothesis of socioemotional selectivity. We propose that the positivity-induced recognition bias might be based on fluency, which in turn is based on both positivity-oriented emotional goals and on preexisting semantic associations.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Adult. Elderly</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Amnesia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Amnesia - psychology</subject><subject>amnestic mild cognitive impairment</subject><subject>Anger</subject><subject>Association Learning</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognition Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cognition Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Cognitive Impairment</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes</subject><subject>Elderly people</subject><subject>emotion</subject><subject>Emotion recognition</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Emotions - classification</subject><subject>Face Perception</subject><subject>Faces</subject><subject>Facial Expression</subject><subject>Facial Expressions</subject><subject>false recognition</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>gist-based memory</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Judgment</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MCI</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mild Cognitive Impairment</subject><subject>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Pattern Recognition, Visual</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psykologi</subject><subject>Recognition (Psychology)</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Retention (Psychology)</subject><subject>SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP</subject><subject>SOCIAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Socialvetenskap</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0882-7974</issn><issn>1939-1498</issn><issn>1939-1498</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0m1r1TAUB_AiirtOwU8gRRAVqebksXl5vTodTBSZvg1pmpbMPpncKvv2ntl7tzGYvmpofueQc_hn2WMgr4Ew9cYSAiUT5Z1sBZrpArgu72YrUpa0UFrxg-xBSmeEEAVa3c8OKKGMAGWr7PRtsMnX-VfvxnYI2zAO-djkX8aE518-P7LOpzwM-boNQ5vboc7X_eDTNrj8U-jqfLOUIT3uJxti74ftw-xeY7vkH-2-h9m3o_enm4_FyecPx5v1SWFFybaFbQizspa1I5xWrpJSc-6cZhWViijNGw6kcQ7wpi4BOJWCCqeQekVw8MOsWPqm336aKzPF0Nt4bkYbzO7XDzx5I7BOlej1rX6KY31VtC8E3BQorSXWvrq19l34vjZjbE2ajeAACvXzRWPbnzOuy_QhOd91dvDjnIxCxomU4v-SMaoZ5wzl0xvybJzjgAs2ErgAogH-hSiIkismL173YkEujilF31xOA8RcBMrsA4X0ya7fXPW-voT7BCF4tgM2Ods10Q4upCtHBebv7-tfLs5O1kzp3NmIGep8cnOMmBkz2dZQYcBcG-KmvY7-AMIz63o</recordid><startdate>20100301</startdate><enddate>20100301</enddate><creator>Werheid, Katja</creator><creator>Gruno, Maria</creator><creator>Kathmann, Norbert</creator><creator>Fischer, Håkan</creator><creator>Almkvist, Ove</creator><creator>Winblad, Bengt</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>DG7</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-625X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20100301</creationdate><title>Biased Recognition of Positive Faces in Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment</title><author>Werheid, Katja ; Gruno, Maria ; Kathmann, Norbert ; Fischer, Håkan ; Almkvist, Ove ; Winblad, Bengt</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a583t-af03a6d6dc042bcb66944cc93b2670794f410fcc1b66d811426525c7bcbe70103</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Adult. Elderly</topic><topic>Age Differences</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Amnesia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Amnesia - psychology</topic><topic>amnestic mild cognitive impairment</topic><topic>Anger</topic><topic>Association Learning</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Bias</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cognition Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cognition Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Cognitive Impairment</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes</topic><topic>Elderly people</topic><topic>emotion</topic><topic>Emotion recognition</topic><topic>Emotions</topic><topic>Emotions - classification</topic><topic>Face Perception</topic><topic>Faces</topic><topic>Facial Expression</topic><topic>Facial Expressions</topic><topic>false recognition</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>gist-based memory</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Judgment</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MCI</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mild Cognitive Impairment</topic><topic>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology</topic><topic>Pattern Recognition, Visual</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psykologi</topic><topic>Recognition (Psychology)</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Retention (Psychology)</topic><topic>SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP</topic><topic>SOCIAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>Socialvetenskap</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Werheid, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gruno, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kathmann, Norbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Håkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almkvist, Ove</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winblad, Bengt</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Stockholms universitet</collection><jtitle>Psychology and aging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Werheid, Katja</au><au>Gruno, Maria</au><au>Kathmann, Norbert</au><au>Fischer, Håkan</au><au>Almkvist, Ove</au><au>Winblad, Bengt</au><au>Blanchard-Fields, Fredda</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biased Recognition of Positive Faces in Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment</atitle><jtitle>Psychology and aging</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol Aging</addtitle><date>2010-03-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>15</epage><pages>1-15</pages><issn>0882-7974</issn><issn>1939-1498</issn><eissn>1939-1498</eissn><coden>PAGIEL</coden><abstract>We investigated age differences in biased recognition of happy, neutral, or angry faces in 4 experiments. Experiment 1 revealed increased true and false recognition for happy faces in older adults, which persisted even when changing each face's emotional expression from study to test in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we examined the influence of reduced memory capacity on the positivity-induced recognition bias, which showed the absence of emotion-induced memory enhancement but a preserved recognition bias for positive faces in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared with older adults with normal memory performance. In Experiment 4, we used semantic differentials to measure the connotations of happy and angry faces. Younger and older participants regarded happy faces as more familiar than angry faces, but the older group showed a larger recognition bias for happy faces. This finding indicates that older adults use a gist-based memory strategy based on a semantic association between positive emotion and familiarity. Moreover, older adults' judgments of valence were more positive for both angry and happy faces, supporting the hypothesis of socioemotional selectivity. We propose that the positivity-induced recognition bias might be based on fluency, which in turn is based on both positivity-oriented emotional goals and on preexisting semantic associations.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>20230123</pmid><doi>10.1037/a0018358</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-625X</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0882-7974 |
| ispartof | Psychology and aging, 2010-03, Vol.25 (1), p.1-15 |
| issn | 0882-7974 1939-1498 1939-1498 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_552578 |
| source | MEDLINE; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Adult. Elderly Age Differences Age Factors Aged Aging Amnesia - diagnosis Amnesia - psychology amnestic mild cognitive impairment Anger Association Learning Attention Bias Biological and medical sciences Cognition & reasoning Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - psychology Cognitive Impairment Comparative analysis Developmental psychology Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes Elderly people emotion Emotion recognition Emotions Emotions - classification Face Perception Faces Facial Expression Facial Expressions false recognition Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geriatrics gist-based memory Human Humans Judgment Male MCI Medical sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Memory Middle Aged Mild Cognitive Impairment Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) Neurology Older people Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology Pattern Recognition, Visual Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psykologi Recognition (Psychology) Reference Values Retention (Psychology) SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP SOCIAL SCIENCES Socialvetenskap Young Adult |
| title | Biased Recognition of Positive Faces in Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-28T14%3A38%3A27IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_swepu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biased%20Recognition%20of%20Positive%20Faces%20in%20Aging%20and%20Amnestic%20Mild%20Cognitive%20Impairment&rft.jtitle=Psychology%20and%20aging&rft.au=Werheid,%20Katja&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=15&rft.pages=1-15&rft.issn=0882-7974&rft.eissn=1939-1498&rft.coden=PAGIEL&rft_id=info:doi/10.1037/a0018358&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_swepu%3E754140665%3C/proquest_swepu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=614510911&rft_id=info:pmid/20230123&rfr_iscdi=true |