Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology
Background: DSM‐IV specifies three ADHD subtypes; the combined, the hyperactive‐impulsive and the inattentive. Little is known about the developmental relationships underlying these subtypes. The objective of this study was to describe the development of parent‐reported hyperactivity‐impulsivity an...
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| description | Background: DSM‐IV specifies three ADHD subtypes; the combined, the hyperactive‐impulsive and the inattentive. Little is known about the developmental relationships underlying these subtypes. The objective of this study was to describe the development of parent‐reported hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention symptoms from childhood to adolescence and to study their associations with genetic factors, family risk, and later adjustment problems in early adulthood.
Method: Data in this study comes from 1,450 twin pairs participating in a population‐based, longitudinal twin study. Developmental trajectories were defined using parent‐ratings of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention symptoms at age 8–9, 13–14, and 16–17. Twin methods were used to explore genetic influences on trajectories. Family risk measures included low socioeconomic status, large family size and divorce. Self‐ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adulthood were used to examine adjustment problems related to the different trajectory combinations.
Results: We found two hyperactivity‐impulsivity trajectories (low, high/decreasing) and two inattention trajectories (low, high/increasing). Twin modeling revealed a substantial genetic component underlying both the hyperactivity‐impulsivity and the inattention trajectory. Joint trajectory analyses identified four groups of adolescents with distinct developmental patterns of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention: a low/low group, a primarily hyperactive, a primarily inattentive and a combined (high/high) trajectory type. These trajectory combinations showed discriminant relations to adjustment problems in early adulthood. The hyperactive, inattentive and combined trajectory subtypes were associated with higher rates of family risk environments compared to the low/low group.
Conclusion: Study results showed that for those on a high trajectory, hyperactivity decreased whereas inattention increased. The combinations of these trajectories lend developmental insight into how children shift from (i) a combined to inattentive subtype, and (ii) a hyperactive‐impulsive to a combined subtype. This study suggests that ADHD subtypes cannot be viewed as discrete and stable categories. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x |
| format | Article |
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Method: Data in this study comes from 1,450 twin pairs participating in a population‐based, longitudinal twin study. Developmental trajectories were defined using parent‐ratings of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention symptoms at age 8–9, 13–14, and 16–17. Twin methods were used to explore genetic influences on trajectories. Family risk measures included low socioeconomic status, large family size and divorce. Self‐ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adulthood were used to examine adjustment problems related to the different trajectory combinations.
Results: We found two hyperactivity‐impulsivity trajectories (low, high/decreasing) and two inattention trajectories (low, high/increasing). Twin modeling revealed a substantial genetic component underlying both the hyperactivity‐impulsivity and the inattention trajectory. Joint trajectory analyses identified four groups of adolescents with distinct developmental patterns of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention: a low/low group, a primarily hyperactive, a primarily inattentive and a combined (high/high) trajectory type. These trajectory combinations showed discriminant relations to adjustment problems in early adulthood. The hyperactive, inattentive and combined trajectory subtypes were associated with higher rates of family risk environments compared to the low/low group.
Conclusion: Study results showed that for those on a high trajectory, hyperactivity decreased whereas inattention increased. The combinations of these trajectories lend developmental insight into how children shift from (i) a combined to inattentive subtype, and (ii) a hyperactive‐impulsive to a combined subtype. This study suggests that ADHD subtypes cannot be viewed as discrete and stable categories.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9630</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1469-7610</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7610</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21434915</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPPDAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Psychological ; ADHD ; Adjustment ; Adjustment (to Environment) ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adults ; Age ; Age Differences ; Age Factors ; At Risk Persons ; Attention ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology ; Attention deficit disorders. Hyperactivity ; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ; Attention deficits ; Attention Span ; Behavior Problems ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child clinical studies ; Child development ; Children ; comorbidity ; Conceptual Tempo ; development ; Disease Progression ; Divorce ; Families & family life ; Family - psychology ; family factors ; Family Size ; Female ; Genetic effects ; Genetic factors ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hyperactivity ; Hyperkinesis - psychology ; Impulsive Behavior - psychology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Low Income Groups ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Parents - psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychiatry ; Psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psykiatri ; Psykologi ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Status ; Socioeconomics ; Subtypes ; Sweden ; Symptoms ; Symptoms (Individual Disorders) ; Twins ; Young Adult ; Young Adults</subject><ispartof>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 2011-09, Vol.52 (9), p.954-963</ispartof><rights>2011 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry © 2011 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2011 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry © 2011 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6589-cdc3db7ce5bf767f57e06322b4fccc8ddc18b43c951e95d9df1479f4f48c208f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2011.02379.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2011.02379.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,782,786,887,1419,27931,27932,31006,31007,45581,45582</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ933898$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24454053$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21434915$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-54527$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:123160778$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Larsson, Henrik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dilshad, Rezin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lichtenstein, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barker, Edward D.</creatorcontrib><title>Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology</title><title>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</title><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Background: DSM‐IV specifies three ADHD subtypes; the combined, the hyperactive‐impulsive and the inattentive. Little is known about the developmental relationships underlying these subtypes. The objective of this study was to describe the development of parent‐reported hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention symptoms from childhood to adolescence and to study their associations with genetic factors, family risk, and later adjustment problems in early adulthood.
Method: Data in this study comes from 1,450 twin pairs participating in a population‐based, longitudinal twin study. Developmental trajectories were defined using parent‐ratings of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention symptoms at age 8–9, 13–14, and 16–17. Twin methods were used to explore genetic influences on trajectories. Family risk measures included low socioeconomic status, large family size and divorce. Self‐ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adulthood were used to examine adjustment problems related to the different trajectory combinations.
Results: We found two hyperactivity‐impulsivity trajectories (low, high/decreasing) and two inattention trajectories (low, high/increasing). Twin modeling revealed a substantial genetic component underlying both the hyperactivity‐impulsivity and the inattention trajectory. Joint trajectory analyses identified four groups of adolescents with distinct developmental patterns of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention: a low/low group, a primarily hyperactive, a primarily inattentive and a combined (high/high) trajectory type. These trajectory combinations showed discriminant relations to adjustment problems in early adulthood. The hyperactive, inattentive and combined trajectory subtypes were associated with higher rates of family risk environments compared to the low/low group.
Conclusion: Study results showed that for those on a high trajectory, hyperactivity decreased whereas inattention increased. The combinations of these trajectories lend developmental insight into how children shift from (i) a combined to inattentive subtype, and (ii) a hyperactive‐impulsive to a combined subtype. This study suggests that ADHD subtypes cannot be viewed as discrete and stable categories.</description><subject>Adaptation, Psychological</subject><subject>ADHD</subject><subject>Adjustment</subject><subject>Adjustment (to Environment)</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>At Risk Persons</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology</subject><subject>Attention deficit disorders. Hyperactivity</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</subject><subject>Attention deficits</subject><subject>Attention Span</subject><subject>Behavior Problems</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child clinical studies</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>comorbidity</subject><subject>Conceptual Tempo</subject><subject>development</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Divorce</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Family - psychology</subject><subject>family factors</subject><subject>Family Size</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic effects</subject><subject>Genetic factors</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperactivity</subject><subject>Hyperkinesis - psychology</subject><subject>Impulsive Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Low Income Groups</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</subject><subject>Parents - psychology</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psykiatri</subject><subject>Psykologi</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Status</subject><subject>Socioeconomics</subject><subject>Subtypes</subject><subject>Sweden</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>Symptoms (Individual Disorders)</subject><subject>Twins</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young Adults</subject><issn>0021-9630</issn><issn>1469-7610</issn><issn>1469-7610</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1FrFDEQxxdRbK1-A5FFEH3oXpNNskl8EMq11pZWC2oLvoRcNmlzt7dZk1zb_SJ-XrO96xWEqoGQYeY3MwyZf5blEIxgOjvTEcQVL2iVHCWAcARKRPno5lG2uQ48zjYBKGHBKwQ2smchTAEAFSLsabZRQowwh2Qz-7Wnr3Tjurluo2zy6OVUq-i81SF3Jt_7elIcnuWhn3fRzW9dMsbEWtcWtTZW2bhz2XfaSxXtlY19XtvgfK39-_xCtzpalWtjUs2wnRs5t02fextmuWzrXIbglJVR13kXenXpOhkvXeMu-ufZEyOboF-s3q3s-8f9b-NPxfGXg8Px7nGhKsJ4oWqF6glVmkwMraghVKcRy3KCjVKK1bWCbIKR4gRqTmpeG4gpN9hgpkrADNrKimXdcK27xUR03s6l74WTVqxcs2RpQTBBFUw8f5DvvKvvk-4SYYlgBShlKXf7wdw9e7YrnL9IdzH0KmnC3y7xVPfnQoco5jYo3TSy1W4RBAcl4JThf5OMcV4igtl_kACitCNVIt_9lYSAI4xRSUhCX_-BTt3Ct-nbBKOcIMqqofOrFbSYzHW9Hv5uExPwZgXIoGRjvGyVDfccxgQDghL3cslpb9U6vH_EEWJ86PNhGb62je7XcQjEIBwxFYM-xKAPMQhH3ApH3Iij8enpYN5vhA1R36wLSD8TFUWUiPPPB-L4x8HJERyfixP0G2qHHfI</recordid><startdate>201109</startdate><enddate>201109</enddate><creator>Larsson, Henrik</creator><creator>Dilshad, Rezin</creator><creator>Lichtenstein, Paul</creator><creator>Barker, Edward D.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley-Blackwell</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D91</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201109</creationdate><title>Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology</title><author>Larsson, Henrik ; Dilshad, Rezin ; Lichtenstein, Paul ; Barker, Edward D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6589-cdc3db7ce5bf767f57e06322b4fccc8ddc18b43c951e95d9df1479f4f48c208f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adaptation, Psychological</topic><topic>ADHD</topic><topic>Adjustment</topic><topic>Adjustment (to Environment)</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Differences</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>At Risk Persons</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics</topic><topic>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology</topic><topic>Attention deficit disorders. Hyperactivity</topic><topic>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</topic><topic>Attention deficits</topic><topic>Attention Span</topic><topic>Behavior Problems</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child clinical studies</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>comorbidity</topic><topic>Conceptual Tempo</topic><topic>development</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Divorce</topic><topic>Families & family life</topic><topic>Family - psychology</topic><topic>family factors</topic><topic>Family Size</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic effects</topic><topic>Genetic factors</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperactivity</topic><topic>Hyperkinesis - psychology</topic><topic>Impulsive Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Low Income Groups</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</topic><topic>Parents - psychology</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psykiatri</topic><topic>Psykologi</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Status</topic><topic>Socioeconomics</topic><topic>Subtypes</topic><topic>Sweden</topic><topic>Symptoms</topic><topic>Symptoms (Individual Disorders)</topic><topic>Twins</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Young Adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Larsson, Henrik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dilshad, Rezin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lichtenstein, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barker, Edward D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Örebro universitet</collection><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Larsson, Henrik</au><au>Dilshad, Rezin</au><au>Lichtenstein, Paul</au><au>Barker, Edward D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ933898</ericid><atitle>Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology</atitle><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2011-09</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>954</spage><epage>963</epage><pages>954-963</pages><issn>0021-9630</issn><issn>1469-7610</issn><eissn>1469-7610</eissn><coden>JPPDAI</coden><abstract>Background: DSM‐IV specifies three ADHD subtypes; the combined, the hyperactive‐impulsive and the inattentive. Little is known about the developmental relationships underlying these subtypes. The objective of this study was to describe the development of parent‐reported hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention symptoms from childhood to adolescence and to study their associations with genetic factors, family risk, and later adjustment problems in early adulthood.
Method: Data in this study comes from 1,450 twin pairs participating in a population‐based, longitudinal twin study. Developmental trajectories were defined using parent‐ratings of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention symptoms at age 8–9, 13–14, and 16–17. Twin methods were used to explore genetic influences on trajectories. Family risk measures included low socioeconomic status, large family size and divorce. Self‐ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adulthood were used to examine adjustment problems related to the different trajectory combinations.
Results: We found two hyperactivity‐impulsivity trajectories (low, high/decreasing) and two inattention trajectories (low, high/increasing). Twin modeling revealed a substantial genetic component underlying both the hyperactivity‐impulsivity and the inattention trajectory. Joint trajectory analyses identified four groups of adolescents with distinct developmental patterns of hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattention: a low/low group, a primarily hyperactive, a primarily inattentive and a combined (high/high) trajectory type. These trajectory combinations showed discriminant relations to adjustment problems in early adulthood. The hyperactive, inattentive and combined trajectory subtypes were associated with higher rates of family risk environments compared to the low/low group.
Conclusion: Study results showed that for those on a high trajectory, hyperactivity decreased whereas inattention increased. The combinations of these trajectories lend developmental insight into how children shift from (i) a combined to inattentive subtype, and (ii) a hyperactive‐impulsive to a combined subtype. This study suggests that ADHD subtypes cannot be viewed as discrete and stable categories.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>21434915</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation, Psychological ADHD Adjustment Adjustment (to Environment) Adolescent Adolescents Adults Age Age Differences Age Factors At Risk Persons Attention Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology Attention deficit disorders. Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention deficits Attention Span Behavior Problems Biological and medical sciences Child Child clinical studies Child development Children comorbidity Conceptual Tempo development Disease Progression Divorce Families & family life Family - psychology family factors Family Size Female Genetic effects Genetic factors Genetics Humans Hyperactivity Hyperkinesis - psychology Impulsive Behavior - psychology Longitudinal Studies Low Income Groups Male Medical sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Parents - psychology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Psychiatry Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psykiatri Psykologi Risk Factors Socioeconomic Status Socioeconomics Subtypes Sweden Symptoms Symptoms (Individual Disorders) Twins Young Adult Young Adults |
| title | Developmental trajectories of DSM-IV symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic effects, family risk and associated psychopathology |
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