Three-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine facet joints and segmental movements: in vivo examinations of normal subjects with a new non-invasive method
Introduction Examination with CT and image registration is a new technique that we have previously used to assess 3D segmental motions in the lumbar spine in a phantom. Current multi-slice computed tomography (CT) offers highly accurate spatial volume resolution without significant distortion and mo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European spine journal 2012-04, Vol.21 (4), p.599-605 |
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| creator | Svedmark, P. Tullberg, T. Noz, M. E. Maguire, G. Q. Zeleznik, M. P. Weidenhielm, L. Nemeth, G. Olivecrona, H. |
| description | Introduction
Examination with CT and image registration is a new technique that we have previously used to assess 3D segmental motions in the lumbar spine in a phantom. Current multi-slice computed tomography (CT) offers highly accurate spatial volume resolution without significant distortion and modern CT scanners makes it possible to reduce the radiation dose to the patients. Our aim was to assess segmental movement in the lumbar spine with the aforementioned method in healthy subjects and also to determine rotation accuracy on phantom vertebrae.
Material and method
The subjects were examined in flexion–extension using low dose CT. Eleven healthy, asymptomatic subjects participated in the current study. The subjects were placed on a custom made jig which could provoke the lumbar spine into flexion or extension. CT examination in flexion and extension was performed. The image analysis was performed using a 3D volume fusion tool, registering one of the vertebrae, and then measuring Euler angles and distances in the registered volumes.
Results
The mean 3D facet joint translation at L4–L5 was in the right facet joint 6.1 mm (3.1–8.3), left facet joint 6.9 mm (4.9–9.9), at L5–S1: right facet joint 4.5 mm (1.4–6.9), and for the left facet joint 4.8 mm (2.0–7.7). In subjects the mean angles at the L4–L5 level were: in the sagittal plane 14.3°, coronal plane 0.9° (−0.6 to 2.8), and in the transverse plane 0.6° (−0.4 to 1.5), in the L5–S1 level the rotation was in sagittal plane 10.2° (2.4–16.1), coronal plane 0° (−1.2 to 1.2), and in the transverse plane 0.2° (−0.7 to 0.3). Repeated analysis for 3D facet joint movement was on average 5 mm with a standard error of mean of 0.6 mm and repeatability of 1.8 mm (CI 95%). For segmental rotation in the sagittal plane the mean rotation was 11.5° and standard error of mean 1°. The repeatability for rotation was 2.8° (CI 95%). The accuracy for rotation in the phantom was in the sagittal plane 0.7°, coronal plane 1°, and 0.7 in the transverse plane.
Conclusion
This method to assess movement in the lumbar spine is a truly 3D method with a high precision giving both visual and numerical output. We believe that this method for measuring spine movement is useful both in research and in clinical settings. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00586-011-1988-y |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_542173</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2660249191</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c558t-72346ce9dfe2e6831141e79d5b13bf8f85cf49eeadcbb7990311362f5463e3993</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhSMEoqXwAGyQJTYsCPjaiROzQKrKr1SJTWFrOcnNxNPEHuwkw7wLD4unMy1TpJFY-ed-51z76iTJc6BvgNLibaA0L0VKAVKQZZluHiSnkHGWUsnZw-SUyoymogB5kjwJYUkp5JKKx8kJg7KEUojT5PdV5xHTxgxog3FW92RwM8bTGIhrydgh6aeh0p6ElbFIWl3jSJbObAFtGxJwsaUPhe-IsWQ2syP4Sw_G6jE639hZ54dIhqlaYh0N1mbsiCYW17FkU2NnHcyMZMCxc83T5FGr-4DP9utZ8v3Tx6uLL-nlt89fL84v0zrPyzEtGM9EjbJpkaEoOUAGWMgmr4BXbdmWed1mElE3dVUVUtJIcMHaPBMcuZT8LEl3vmGNq6lSK28G7TfKaaP2V9dxhyrPGBQ88vIov_Ku-Su6FQLLMp5xutW-Pqr9YH6cK-cX6nrslMwBaMTf7_DIDtjUcbxe9_c73qtY06mFmxXnTABj0eDV3sC7nxOGUQ0m1Nj32qKbggIKhYwz4_I_UBofxXIuIvryH3TpJh_Tc2PIClEyXkQKdlTtXQge27t3A926FWqXYBUTrLYJVpuoeXH44TvFbWQjwPYDjCW7QH_Y-pjrHxReAcI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1012768237</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Three-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine facet joints and segmental movements: in vivo examinations of normal subjects with a new non-invasive method</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SWEPUB Freely available online</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Svedmark, P. ; Tullberg, T. ; Noz, M. E. ; Maguire, G. Q. ; Zeleznik, M. P. ; Weidenhielm, L. ; Nemeth, G. ; Olivecrona, H.</creator><creatorcontrib>Svedmark, P. ; Tullberg, T. ; Noz, M. E. ; Maguire, G. Q. ; Zeleznik, M. P. ; Weidenhielm, L. ; Nemeth, G. ; Olivecrona, H.</creatorcontrib><description>Introduction
Examination with CT and image registration is a new technique that we have previously used to assess 3D segmental motions in the lumbar spine in a phantom. Current multi-slice computed tomography (CT) offers highly accurate spatial volume resolution without significant distortion and modern CT scanners makes it possible to reduce the radiation dose to the patients. Our aim was to assess segmental movement in the lumbar spine with the aforementioned method in healthy subjects and also to determine rotation accuracy on phantom vertebrae.
Material and method
The subjects were examined in flexion–extension using low dose CT. Eleven healthy, asymptomatic subjects participated in the current study. The subjects were placed on a custom made jig which could provoke the lumbar spine into flexion or extension. CT examination in flexion and extension was performed. The image analysis was performed using a 3D volume fusion tool, registering one of the vertebrae, and then measuring Euler angles and distances in the registered volumes.
Results
The mean 3D facet joint translation at L4–L5 was in the right facet joint 6.1 mm (3.1–8.3), left facet joint 6.9 mm (4.9–9.9), at L5–S1: right facet joint 4.5 mm (1.4–6.9), and for the left facet joint 4.8 mm (2.0–7.7). In subjects the mean angles at the L4–L5 level were: in the sagittal plane 14.3°, coronal plane 0.9° (−0.6 to 2.8), and in the transverse plane 0.6° (−0.4 to 1.5), in the L5–S1 level the rotation was in sagittal plane 10.2° (2.4–16.1), coronal plane 0° (−1.2 to 1.2), and in the transverse plane 0.2° (−0.7 to 0.3). Repeated analysis for 3D facet joint movement was on average 5 mm with a standard error of mean of 0.6 mm and repeatability of 1.8 mm (CI 95%). For segmental rotation in the sagittal plane the mean rotation was 11.5° and standard error of mean 1°. The repeatability for rotation was 2.8° (CI 95%). The accuracy for rotation in the phantom was in the sagittal plane 0.7°, coronal plane 1°, and 0.7 in the transverse plane.
Conclusion
This method to assess movement in the lumbar spine is a truly 3D method with a high precision giving both visual and numerical output. We believe that this method for measuring spine movement is useful both in research and in clinical settings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0940-6719</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1432-0932</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1988-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21881866</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>3D-presentation ; Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computed tomography ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Humans ; Image processing ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods ; Joint visualization ; Joints ; Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology ; Male ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Multidetector Computed Tomography - methods ; Neurosurgery ; Original ; Original Article ; Radiation ; Range of Motion, Articular - physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spine ; Spine (lumbar) ; Surgical Orthopedics ; Translation ; Vertebrae</subject><ispartof>European spine journal, 2012-04, Vol.21 (4), p.599-605</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2011</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c558t-72346ce9dfe2e6831141e79d5b13bf8f85cf49eeadcbb7990311362f5463e3993</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c558t-72346ce9dfe2e6831141e79d5b13bf8f85cf49eeadcbb7990311362f5463e3993</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326122/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326122/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,552,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881866$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95110$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:124434303$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Svedmark, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tullberg, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noz, M. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maguire, G. Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeleznik, M. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weidenhielm, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nemeth, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivecrona, H.</creatorcontrib><title>Three-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine facet joints and segmental movements: in vivo examinations of normal subjects with a new non-invasive method</title><title>European spine journal</title><addtitle>Eur Spine J</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Spine J</addtitle><description>Introduction
Examination with CT and image registration is a new technique that we have previously used to assess 3D segmental motions in the lumbar spine in a phantom. Current multi-slice computed tomography (CT) offers highly accurate spatial volume resolution without significant distortion and modern CT scanners makes it possible to reduce the radiation dose to the patients. Our aim was to assess segmental movement in the lumbar spine with the aforementioned method in healthy subjects and also to determine rotation accuracy on phantom vertebrae.
Material and method
The subjects were examined in flexion–extension using low dose CT. Eleven healthy, asymptomatic subjects participated in the current study. The subjects were placed on a custom made jig which could provoke the lumbar spine into flexion or extension. CT examination in flexion and extension was performed. The image analysis was performed using a 3D volume fusion tool, registering one of the vertebrae, and then measuring Euler angles and distances in the registered volumes.
Results
The mean 3D facet joint translation at L4–L5 was in the right facet joint 6.1 mm (3.1–8.3), left facet joint 6.9 mm (4.9–9.9), at L5–S1: right facet joint 4.5 mm (1.4–6.9), and for the left facet joint 4.8 mm (2.0–7.7). In subjects the mean angles at the L4–L5 level were: in the sagittal plane 14.3°, coronal plane 0.9° (−0.6 to 2.8), and in the transverse plane 0.6° (−0.4 to 1.5), in the L5–S1 level the rotation was in sagittal plane 10.2° (2.4–16.1), coronal plane 0° (−1.2 to 1.2), and in the transverse plane 0.2° (−0.7 to 0.3). Repeated analysis for 3D facet joint movement was on average 5 mm with a standard error of mean of 0.6 mm and repeatability of 1.8 mm (CI 95%). For segmental rotation in the sagittal plane the mean rotation was 11.5° and standard error of mean 1°. The repeatability for rotation was 2.8° (CI 95%). The accuracy for rotation in the phantom was in the sagittal plane 0.7°, coronal plane 1°, and 0.7 in the transverse plane.
Conclusion
This method to assess movement in the lumbar spine is a truly 3D method with a high precision giving both visual and numerical output. We believe that this method for measuring spine movement is useful both in research and in clinical settings.</description><subject>3D-presentation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image processing</subject><subject>Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods</subject><subject>Joint visualization</subject><subject>Joints</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multidetector Computed Tomography - methods</subject><subject>Neurosurgery</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Range of Motion, Articular - physiology</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Spine</subject><subject>Spine (lumbar)</subject><subject>Surgical Orthopedics</subject><subject>Translation</subject><subject>Vertebrae</subject><issn>0940-6719</issn><issn>1432-0932</issn><issn>1432-0932</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhSMEoqXwAGyQJTYsCPjaiROzQKrKr1SJTWFrOcnNxNPEHuwkw7wLD4unMy1TpJFY-ed-51z76iTJc6BvgNLibaA0L0VKAVKQZZluHiSnkHGWUsnZw-SUyoymogB5kjwJYUkp5JKKx8kJg7KEUojT5PdV5xHTxgxog3FW92RwM8bTGIhrydgh6aeh0p6ElbFIWl3jSJbObAFtGxJwsaUPhe-IsWQ2syP4Sw_G6jE639hZ54dIhqlaYh0N1mbsiCYW17FkU2NnHcyMZMCxc83T5FGr-4DP9utZ8v3Tx6uLL-nlt89fL84v0zrPyzEtGM9EjbJpkaEoOUAGWMgmr4BXbdmWed1mElE3dVUVUtJIcMHaPBMcuZT8LEl3vmGNq6lSK28G7TfKaaP2V9dxhyrPGBQ88vIov_Ku-Su6FQLLMp5xutW-Pqr9YH6cK-cX6nrslMwBaMTf7_DIDtjUcbxe9_c73qtY06mFmxXnTABj0eDV3sC7nxOGUQ0m1Nj32qKbggIKhYwz4_I_UBofxXIuIvryH3TpJh_Tc2PIClEyXkQKdlTtXQge27t3A926FWqXYBUTrLYJVpuoeXH44TvFbWQjwPYDjCW7QH_Y-pjrHxReAcI</recordid><startdate>20120401</startdate><enddate>20120401</enddate><creator>Svedmark, P.</creator><creator>Tullberg, T.</creator><creator>Noz, M. E.</creator><creator>Maguire, G. Q.</creator><creator>Zeleznik, M. P.</creator><creator>Weidenhielm, L.</creator><creator>Nemeth, G.</creator><creator>Olivecrona, H.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8V</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120401</creationdate><title>Three-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine facet joints and segmental movements: in vivo examinations of normal subjects with a new non-invasive method</title><author>Svedmark, P. ; Tullberg, T. ; Noz, M. E. ; Maguire, G. Q. ; Zeleznik, M. P. ; Weidenhielm, L. ; Nemeth, G. ; Olivecrona, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c558t-72346ce9dfe2e6831141e79d5b13bf8f85cf49eeadcbb7990311362f5463e3993</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>3D-presentation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image processing</topic><topic>Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods</topic><topic>Joint visualization</topic><topic>Joints</topic><topic>Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multidetector Computed Tomography - methods</topic><topic>Neurosurgery</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Range of Motion, Articular - physiology</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Spine</topic><topic>Spine (lumbar)</topic><topic>Surgical Orthopedics</topic><topic>Translation</topic><topic>Vertebrae</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Svedmark, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tullberg, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noz, M. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maguire, G. Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeleznik, M. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weidenhielm, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nemeth, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivecrona, H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>European spine journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Svedmark, P.</au><au>Tullberg, T.</au><au>Noz, M. E.</au><au>Maguire, G. Q.</au><au>Zeleznik, M. P.</au><au>Weidenhielm, L.</au><au>Nemeth, G.</au><au>Olivecrona, H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Three-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine facet joints and segmental movements: in vivo examinations of normal subjects with a new non-invasive method</atitle><jtitle>European spine journal</jtitle><stitle>Eur Spine J</stitle><addtitle>Eur Spine J</addtitle><date>2012-04-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>599</spage><epage>605</epage><pages>599-605</pages><issn>0940-6719</issn><issn>1432-0932</issn><eissn>1432-0932</eissn><abstract>Introduction
Examination with CT and image registration is a new technique that we have previously used to assess 3D segmental motions in the lumbar spine in a phantom. Current multi-slice computed tomography (CT) offers highly accurate spatial volume resolution without significant distortion and modern CT scanners makes it possible to reduce the radiation dose to the patients. Our aim was to assess segmental movement in the lumbar spine with the aforementioned method in healthy subjects and also to determine rotation accuracy on phantom vertebrae.
Material and method
The subjects were examined in flexion–extension using low dose CT. Eleven healthy, asymptomatic subjects participated in the current study. The subjects were placed on a custom made jig which could provoke the lumbar spine into flexion or extension. CT examination in flexion and extension was performed. The image analysis was performed using a 3D volume fusion tool, registering one of the vertebrae, and then measuring Euler angles and distances in the registered volumes.
Results
The mean 3D facet joint translation at L4–L5 was in the right facet joint 6.1 mm (3.1–8.3), left facet joint 6.9 mm (4.9–9.9), at L5–S1: right facet joint 4.5 mm (1.4–6.9), and for the left facet joint 4.8 mm (2.0–7.7). In subjects the mean angles at the L4–L5 level were: in the sagittal plane 14.3°, coronal plane 0.9° (−0.6 to 2.8), and in the transverse plane 0.6° (−0.4 to 1.5), in the L5–S1 level the rotation was in sagittal plane 10.2° (2.4–16.1), coronal plane 0° (−1.2 to 1.2), and in the transverse plane 0.2° (−0.7 to 0.3). Repeated analysis for 3D facet joint movement was on average 5 mm with a standard error of mean of 0.6 mm and repeatability of 1.8 mm (CI 95%). For segmental rotation in the sagittal plane the mean rotation was 11.5° and standard error of mean 1°. The repeatability for rotation was 2.8° (CI 95%). The accuracy for rotation in the phantom was in the sagittal plane 0.7°, coronal plane 1°, and 0.7 in the transverse plane.
Conclusion
This method to assess movement in the lumbar spine is a truly 3D method with a high precision giving both visual and numerical output. We believe that this method for measuring spine movement is useful both in research and in clinical settings.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>21881866</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00586-011-1988-y</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; SWEPUB Freely available online; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 3D-presentation Adult Biomechanical Phenomena Computed tomography Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation Female Humans Image processing Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods Joint visualization Joints Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology Male Medicin och hälsovetenskap Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Multidetector Computed Tomography - methods Neurosurgery Original Original Article Radiation Range of Motion, Articular - physiology Reproducibility of Results Spine Spine (lumbar) Surgical Orthopedics Translation Vertebrae |
| title | Three-dimensional movements of the lumbar spine facet joints and segmental movements: in vivo examinations of normal subjects with a new non-invasive method |
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