Dietary intake of iron, heme-iron and magnesium and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort
Several studies support a protective effect of dietary magnesium against type 2 diabetes, but a harmful effect for iron. As diabetes has been linked to pancreatic cancer, intake of these nutrients may be also associated with this cancer. We examined the association between dietary intake of magnesiu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of cancer 2012-10, Vol.131 (7), p.E1134-E1147 |
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| creator | Molina-Montes, Esther Wark, Petra A. Sánchez, María-José Norat, Teresa Jakszyn, Paula Luján-Barroso, Leila Michaud, Dominique S. Crowe, Francesca Allen, Naomi Khaw, Kay-Tee Wareham, Nicholas Trichopoulou, Antonia Adarakis, George Katarachia, Helen Skeie, Guri Henningsen, Maria Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild Berrino, Franco Tumino, Rosario Palli, Domenico Mattiello, Amalia Vineis, Paolo Amiano, Pilar Barricarte, Aurelio Huerta, José-María Duell, Eric J. Quirós, José-Ramón Ye, Weimin Sund, Malin Lindkvist, Björn Johansen, Dorthe Overvad, Kim Tjønneland, Anne Roswall, Nina Li, Kuanrong Grote, Verena A. Steffen, Annika Boeing, Heiner Racine, Antoine Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine Carbonnel, Franck Peeters, Petra HM Siersema, Peter D. Fedirko, Veronika Jenab, Mazda Riboli, Elio Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas |
| description | Several studies support a protective effect of dietary magnesium against type 2 diabetes, but a harmful effect for iron. As diabetes has been linked to pancreatic cancer, intake of these nutrients may be also associated with this cancer. We examined the association between dietary intake of magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In total, 142,203 men and 334,999 women, recruited between 1992 and 2000, were included. After an average follow‐up of 11.3 years, 396 men and 469 women developed exocrine pancreatic cancer. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Cox regression stratified by age and center, and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, height, weight, and self‐reported diabetes status. Neither intake of magnesium, total iron nor heme‐iron was associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In stratified analyses, a borderline inverse association was observed among overweight men (body mass index, ≥25 kg/m2) with magnesium (HRper 100 mg/day increase = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01) although this was less apparent using calibrated intake. In female smokers, a higher intake of heme‐iron was associated with a higher pancreatic cancer risk (HR per 1 mg/day increase = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10–1.74). After calibration, this risk increased significantly to 2.5‐fold (95% CI = 1.22–5.28). Overall, dietary magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk during the follow‐up period. Our observation that heme‐iron was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in female smokers warrants replication in additional study populations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ijc.27547 |
| format | Article |
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As diabetes has been linked to pancreatic cancer, intake of these nutrients may be also associated with this cancer. We examined the association between dietary intake of magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In total, 142,203 men and 334,999 women, recruited between 1992 and 2000, were included. After an average follow‐up of 11.3 years, 396 men and 469 women developed exocrine pancreatic cancer. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Cox regression stratified by age and center, and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, height, weight, and self‐reported diabetes status. Neither intake of magnesium, total iron nor heme‐iron was associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In stratified analyses, a borderline inverse association was observed among overweight men (body mass index, ≥25 kg/m2) with magnesium (HRper 100 mg/day increase = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01) although this was less apparent using calibrated intake. In female smokers, a higher intake of heme‐iron was associated with a higher pancreatic cancer risk (HR per 1 mg/day increase = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10–1.74). After calibration, this risk increased significantly to 2.5‐fold (95% CI = 1.22–5.28). Overall, dietary magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk during the follow‐up period. Our observation that heme‐iron was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in female smokers warrants replication in additional study populations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0020-7136</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1097-0215</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0215</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27547</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22438075</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adult ; calibration ; Cancer ; Cancer and Oncology ; Cancer och onkologi ; Clinical Medicine ; cohort ; Cohort Studies ; Confidence intervals ; diabetes-mellitus ; Diet ; disease ; energy-intake ; epic project ; epidemiology ; Europe - epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heme ; Humans ; insulin-resistance ; iron ; Iron, Dietary ; Klinisk medicin ; Magnesium ; Male ; meat ; Medical and Health Sciences ; Medical research ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; men ; metaanalysis ; Middle Aged ; nutrients ; Nutrition ; Nutritional Status ; Pancreatic cancer ; Pancreatic Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; women</subject><ispartof>International journal of cancer, 2012-10, Vol.131 (7), p.E1134-E1147</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2012 UICC</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 UICC.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6067-30c2c5f1936165526dec67dc2c809ac64c39e33c6c13ec81dc887733fa291a453</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6067-30c2c5f1936165526dec67dc2c809ac64c39e33c6c13ec81dc887733fa291a453</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fijc.27547$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fijc.27547$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438075$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57228$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/162719$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3073460$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:125005121$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Molina-Montes, Esther</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wark, Petra A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez, María-José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norat, Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jakszyn, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luján-Barroso, Leila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michaud, Dominique S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowe, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khaw, Kay-Tee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wareham, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trichopoulou, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adarakis, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katarachia, Helen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skeie, Guri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henningsen, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berrino, Franco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tumino, Rosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palli, Domenico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattiello, Amalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vineis, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amiano, Pilar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barricarte, Aurelio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huerta, José-María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duell, Eric J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quirós, José-Ramón</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Weimin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sund, Malin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindkvist, Björn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johansen, Dorthe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Overvad, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tjønneland, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roswall, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kuanrong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grote, Verena A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steffen, Annika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boeing, Heiner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Racine, Antoine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carbonnel, Franck</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peeters, Petra HM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siersema, Peter D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fedirko, Veronika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jenab, Mazda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riboli, Elio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas</creatorcontrib><title>Dietary intake of iron, heme-iron and magnesium and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort</title><title>International journal of cancer</title><addtitle>Int. J. Cancer</addtitle><description>Several studies support a protective effect of dietary magnesium against type 2 diabetes, but a harmful effect for iron. As diabetes has been linked to pancreatic cancer, intake of these nutrients may be also associated with this cancer. We examined the association between dietary intake of magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In total, 142,203 men and 334,999 women, recruited between 1992 and 2000, were included. After an average follow‐up of 11.3 years, 396 men and 469 women developed exocrine pancreatic cancer. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Cox regression stratified by age and center, and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, height, weight, and self‐reported diabetes status. Neither intake of magnesium, total iron nor heme‐iron was associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In stratified analyses, a borderline inverse association was observed among overweight men (body mass index, ≥25 kg/m2) with magnesium (HRper 100 mg/day increase = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01) although this was less apparent using calibrated intake. In female smokers, a higher intake of heme‐iron was associated with a higher pancreatic cancer risk (HR per 1 mg/day increase = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10–1.74). After calibration, this risk increased significantly to 2.5‐fold (95% CI = 1.22–5.28). Overall, dietary magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk during the follow‐up period. Our observation that heme‐iron was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in female smokers warrants replication in additional study populations.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>calibration</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer and Oncology</subject><subject>Cancer och onkologi</subject><subject>Clinical Medicine</subject><subject>cohort</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>diabetes-mellitus</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>disease</subject><subject>energy-intake</subject><subject>epic project</subject><subject>epidemiology</subject><subject>Europe - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Heme</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>insulin-resistance</subject><subject>iron</subject><subject>Iron, Dietary</subject><subject>Klinisk 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Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild ; Berrino, Franco ; Tumino, Rosario ; Palli, Domenico ; Mattiello, Amalia ; Vineis, Paolo ; Amiano, Pilar ; Barricarte, Aurelio ; Huerta, José-María ; Duell, Eric J. ; Quirós, José-Ramón ; Ye, Weimin ; Sund, Malin ; Lindkvist, Björn ; Johansen, Dorthe ; Overvad, Kim ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Roswall, Nina ; Li, Kuanrong ; Grote, Verena A. ; Steffen, Annika ; Boeing, Heiner ; Racine, Antoine ; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine ; Carbonnel, Franck ; Peeters, Petra HM ; Siersema, Peter D. ; Fedirko, Veronika ; Jenab, Mazda ; Riboli, Elio ; Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6067-30c2c5f1936165526dec67dc2c809ac64c39e33c6c13ec81dc887733fa291a453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>calibration</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer and Oncology</topic><topic>Cancer och 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Factors</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Molina-Montes, Esther</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wark, Petra A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez, María-José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norat, Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jakszyn, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luján-Barroso, Leila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michaud, Dominique S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowe, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khaw, Kay-Tee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wareham, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trichopoulou, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adarakis, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katarachia, Helen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skeie, Guri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henningsen, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berrino, Franco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tumino, Rosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palli, Domenico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattiello, Amalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vineis, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amiano, Pilar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barricarte, Aurelio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huerta, José-María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duell, Eric J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quirós, José-Ramón</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Weimin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sund, Malin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindkvist, Björn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johansen, Dorthe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Overvad, Kim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tjønneland, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roswall, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kuanrong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grote, Verena A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steffen, Annika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boeing, Heiner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Racine, Antoine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carbonnel, Franck</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peeters, Petra HM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siersema, Peter D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fedirko, Veronika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jenab, Mazda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riboli, Elio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Umeå universitet</collection><collection>SWEPUB Göteborgs universitet</collection><collection>SWEPUB Lunds universitet</collection><jtitle>International journal of cancer</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Molina-Montes, Esther</au><au>Wark, Petra A.</au><au>Sánchez, María-José</au><au>Norat, Teresa</au><au>Jakszyn, Paula</au><au>Luján-Barroso, Leila</au><au>Michaud, Dominique S.</au><au>Crowe, Francesca</au><au>Allen, Naomi</au><au>Khaw, Kay-Tee</au><au>Wareham, Nicholas</au><au>Trichopoulou, Antonia</au><au>Adarakis, George</au><au>Katarachia, Helen</au><au>Skeie, Guri</au><au>Henningsen, Maria</au><au>Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild</au><au>Berrino, Franco</au><au>Tumino, Rosario</au><au>Palli, Domenico</au><au>Mattiello, Amalia</au><au>Vineis, Paolo</au><au>Amiano, Pilar</au><au>Barricarte, Aurelio</au><au>Huerta, José-María</au><au>Duell, Eric J.</au><au>Quirós, José-Ramón</au><au>Ye, Weimin</au><au>Sund, Malin</au><au>Lindkvist, Björn</au><au>Johansen, Dorthe</au><au>Overvad, Kim</au><au>Tjønneland, Anne</au><au>Roswall, Nina</au><au>Li, Kuanrong</au><au>Grote, Verena A.</au><au>Steffen, Annika</au><au>Boeing, Heiner</au><au>Racine, Antoine</au><au>Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine</au><au>Carbonnel, Franck</au><au>Peeters, Petra HM</au><au>Siersema, Peter D.</au><au>Fedirko, Veronika</au><au>Jenab, Mazda</au><au>Riboli, Elio</au><au>Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dietary intake of iron, heme-iron and magnesium and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort</atitle><jtitle>International journal of cancer</jtitle><addtitle>Int. J. Cancer</addtitle><date>2012-10-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>131</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>E1134</spage><epage>E1147</epage><pages>E1134-E1147</pages><issn>0020-7136</issn><issn>1097-0215</issn><eissn>1097-0215</eissn><abstract>Several studies support a protective effect of dietary magnesium against type 2 diabetes, but a harmful effect for iron. As diabetes has been linked to pancreatic cancer, intake of these nutrients may be also associated with this cancer. We examined the association between dietary intake of magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In total, 142,203 men and 334,999 women, recruited between 1992 and 2000, were included. After an average follow‐up of 11.3 years, 396 men and 469 women developed exocrine pancreatic cancer. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Cox regression stratified by age and center, and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, height, weight, and self‐reported diabetes status. Neither intake of magnesium, total iron nor heme‐iron was associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In stratified analyses, a borderline inverse association was observed among overweight men (body mass index, ≥25 kg/m2) with magnesium (HRper 100 mg/day increase = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01) although this was less apparent using calibrated intake. In female smokers, a higher intake of heme‐iron was associated with a higher pancreatic cancer risk (HR per 1 mg/day increase = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10–1.74). After calibration, this risk increased significantly to 2.5‐fold (95% CI = 1.22–5.28). Overall, dietary magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk during the follow‐up period. Our observation that heme‐iron was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in female smokers warrants replication in additional study populations.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>22438075</pmid><doi>10.1002/ijc.27547</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0020-7136 |
| ispartof | International journal of cancer, 2012-10, Vol.131 (7), p.E1134-E1147 |
| issn | 0020-7136 1097-0215 1097-0215 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_538257 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Adult calibration Cancer Cancer and Oncology Cancer och onkologi Clinical Medicine cohort Cohort Studies Confidence intervals diabetes-mellitus Diet disease energy-intake epic project epidemiology Europe - epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies Heme Humans insulin-resistance iron Iron, Dietary Klinisk medicin Magnesium Male meat Medical and Health Sciences Medical research Medicin och hälsovetenskap men metaanalysis Middle Aged nutrients Nutrition Nutritional Status Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic Neoplasms - epidemiology Prospective Studies Risk Factors Smoking women |
| title | Dietary intake of iron, heme-iron and magnesium and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-09T16%3A57%3A22IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_swepu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dietary%20intake%20of%20iron,%20heme-iron%20and%20magnesium%20and%20pancreatic%20cancer%20risk%20in%20the%20European%20prospective%20investigation%20into%20cancer%20and%20nutrition%20cohort&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20cancer&rft.au=Molina-Montes,%20Esther&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=E1134&rft.epage=E1147&rft.pages=E1134-E1147&rft.issn=0020-7136&rft.eissn=1097-0215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/ijc.27547&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_swepu%3E1030505295%3C/proquest_swepu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1433122132&rft_id=info:pmid/22438075&rfr_iscdi=true |