Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
Abstract The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the popu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases 2014-10, Vol.46 (10), p.673-677 |
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| creator | Albert, Jan Berglund, Torsten Gisslén, Magnus Gröön, Peter Sönnerborg, Anders Tegnell, Anders Alexandersson, Anders Berggren, Ingela Blaxhult, Anders Brytting, Maria Carlander, Christina Carlson, Johan Flamholc, Leo Follin, Per Haggar, Axana Hansdotter, Frida Josephson, Filip Karlström, Olle Liljeros, Fredrik Navér, Lars Pettersson, Karin Johansson, Veronica Svedhem Svennerholm, Bo Tunbäck, Petra Widgren, Katarina |
| description | Abstract
The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3109/00365548.2014.926565 |
| format | Article |
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The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-5548</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1651-1980</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1651-1980</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.926565</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25073537</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Informa Healthcare</publisher><subject>Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active - methods ; Clinical Medicine ; COHORT ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; DRUG-USERS ; HIV Infections - drug therapy ; HIV Infections - transmission ; HIV transmission therapy ; Humans ; INDIVIDUALS ; INFECTION ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Infectious Medicine ; Infektionsmedicin ; Klinisk medicin ; LIFE EXPECTANCY ; Medical and Health Sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Microbiology in the Medical Area ; Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området ; PLASMA ; PREVENTION ; Review ; Risk Assessment ; RNA ; Sweden</subject><ispartof>Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 2014-10, Vol.46 (10), p.673-677</ispartof><rights>2014 Informa Healthcare 2014</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c631t-9e3cad12a43bce80886947d9b4ac821d0060fc04e3b2d366684ad34d23c3d6493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c631t-9e3cad12a43bce80886947d9b4ac821d0060fc04e3b2d366684ad34d23c3d6493</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,550,776,881</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:129778017$$EView_record_in_Swedish_Publication_Index_(SWEPUB)$$FView_record_in_$$GSwedish_Publication_Index_(SWEPUB)$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25073537$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108364$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/204402$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4699735$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:129778017$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Albert, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berglund, Torsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gisslén, Magnus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gröön, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sönnerborg, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tegnell, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexandersson, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berggren, Ingela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blaxhult, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brytting, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlander, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlson, Johan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flamholc, Leo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Follin, Per</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haggar, Axana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansdotter, Frida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Josephson, Filip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karlström, Olle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liljeros, Fredrik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navér, Lars</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pettersson, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johansson, Veronica Svedhem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Svennerholm, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tunbäck, Petra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Widgren, Katarina</creatorcontrib><title>Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy</title><title>Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Scand J Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Abstract
The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery.</description><subject>Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active - methods</subject><subject>Clinical Medicine</subject><subject>COHORT</subject><subject>Disease Transmission, Infectious</subject><subject>DRUG-USERS</subject><subject>HIV Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>HIV Infections - transmission</subject><subject>HIV transmission therapy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>INDIVIDUALS</subject><subject>INFECTION</subject><subject>Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</subject><subject>Infectious Medicine</subject><subject>Infektionsmedicin</subject><subject>Klinisk medicin</subject><subject>LIFE EXPECTANCY</subject><subject>Medical and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</subject><subject>Microbiology in the Medical Area</subject><subject>Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området</subject><subject>PLASMA</subject><subject>PREVENTION</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>Sweden</subject><issn>0036-5548</issn><issn>1651-1980</issn><issn>1651-1980</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>0YH</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ks1u1DAUhSMEoqXwBgh5yYIpdvyThEWrUYG20kigUrq1HPtmxm0mDrbTat6LB8SZtBWzaBdWkpvvnGPZJ8veE3xICa4-Y0wF56w8zDFhh1UuuOAvsn0iOJmRqsQvs_0RmY3MXvYmhGuMMRMUv872co4Lymmxn_29sOEGuQadnV-h6FUX1jYE6zrUeLdGvYoWuhhQGqguWg_Ru1vrVYviCrzqN1_QHPUu2DhqQlQR1kkwqROCfg51azU6A9XGFZovodObMe_XHRgYTc0WGz9tWKELaMAnBtCpd0OPGufRPAVPmZdT5tvsVaPaAO_unwfZ7-_fLk_OZosfp-cn88VMC0rirAKqlSG5YrTWUOKyFBUrTFUzpcucGIwFbjRmQOvcUCFEyZShzORUUyNYRQ-y2eQb7qAfatl7u1Z-I52y8n50k95AclJVNE_84km-Hfq06rRGQQVA8oIXUjBWSAYVk4ooKg0BUmNhONfwbPwy2aXRcuuWY8bwGP_pSf6rvZpL55cyDJLgkgqW8KMJT-wajE7Xls54R7X7p7MruXS3kpFK8EIkg4_3Bt79GSBEmbqjoW1VB24IknCRM4rFNotNqPYuBA_NYwzBcqyzfKizHOsspzon2Yf_t_goeuhvAo4nwHapKWt153xrZFSb1vkmtVnbMNo_G3G047DaFlUrD_LaDb5L_Xp-j_8AvrEc5g</recordid><startdate>20141001</startdate><enddate>20141001</enddate><creator>Albert, Jan</creator><creator>Berglund, Torsten</creator><creator>Gisslén, Magnus</creator><creator>Gröön, Peter</creator><creator>Sönnerborg, Anders</creator><creator>Tegnell, Anders</creator><creator>Alexandersson, Anders</creator><creator>Berggren, Ingela</creator><creator>Blaxhult, Anders</creator><creator>Brytting, Maria</creator><creator>Carlander, Christina</creator><creator>Carlson, Johan</creator><creator>Flamholc, Leo</creator><creator>Follin, Per</creator><creator>Haggar, Axana</creator><creator>Hansdotter, Frida</creator><creator>Josephson, Filip</creator><creator>Karlström, Olle</creator><creator>Liljeros, Fredrik</creator><creator>Navér, Lars</creator><creator>Pettersson, Karin</creator><creator>Johansson, Veronica Svedhem</creator><creator>Svennerholm, Bo</creator><creator>Tunbäck, Petra</creator><creator>Widgren, Katarina</creator><general>Informa Healthcare</general><general>Taylor & Francis</general><scope>0YH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>ABAVF</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>DG7</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><scope>F1U</scope><scope>D95</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141001</creationdate><title>Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy</title><author>Albert, Jan ; Berglund, Torsten ; Gisslén, Magnus ; Gröön, Peter ; Sönnerborg, Anders ; Tegnell, Anders ; Alexandersson, Anders ; Berggren, Ingela ; Blaxhult, Anders ; Brytting, Maria ; Carlander, Christina ; Carlson, Johan ; Flamholc, Leo ; Follin, Per ; Haggar, Axana ; Hansdotter, Frida ; Josephson, Filip ; Karlström, Olle ; Liljeros, Fredrik ; Navér, Lars ; Pettersson, Karin ; Johansson, Veronica Svedhem ; Svennerholm, Bo ; Tunbäck, Petra ; Widgren, Katarina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c631t-9e3cad12a43bce80886947d9b4ac821d0060fc04e3b2d366684ad34d23c3d6493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Anti-Retroviral Agents - 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The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Informa Healthcare</pub><pmid>25073537</pmid><doi>10.3109/00365548.2014.926565</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active - methods Clinical Medicine COHORT Disease Transmission, Infectious DRUG-USERS HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - transmission HIV transmission therapy Humans INDIVIDUALS INFECTION Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Infectious Medicine Infektionsmedicin Klinisk medicin LIFE EXPECTANCY Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Microbiology in the Medical Area Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området PLASMA PREVENTION Review Risk Assessment RNA Sweden |
| title | Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy |
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