Optimizing School Food Supply: Integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming
There is great potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from public-sector meals. This paper aimed to develop a strategy for reducing GHGE in the Swedish school food supply while ensuring nutritional adequacy, affordability, and cultural acceptability. Amounts, prices and GHGE-values f...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019, Vol.16 (17), p.3019 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | |
---|---|
container_issue | 17 |
container_start_page | 3019 |
container_title | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH |
container_volume | 16 |
creator | Eustachio Colombo, Patricia Patterson, Emma Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte Lindroos, Anna Karin Sonesson, Ulf Darmon, Nicole Parlesak, Alexandr |
description | There is great potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from public-sector meals. This paper aimed to develop a strategy for reducing GHGE in the Swedish school food supply while ensuring nutritional adequacy, affordability, and cultural acceptability. Amounts, prices and GHGE-values for all foods and drinks supplied to three schools over one year were gathered. The amounts were optimized by linear programming. Four nutritionally adequate models were developed: Model 1 minimized GHGE while constraining the relative deviation (RD) from the observed food supply, Model 2 minimized total RD while imposing stepwise GHGE reductions, Model 3 additionally constrained RD for individual foods to an upper and lower limit, and Model 4 further controlled how pair-wise ratios of 15 food groups could deviate. Models 1 and 2 reduced GHGE by up to 95% but omitted entire food categories or increased the supply of some individual foods by more than 800% and were deemed unfeasible. Model 3 reduced GHGE by up to 60%, excluded no foods, avoided high RDs of individual foods, but resulted in large changes in food-group ratios. Model 4 limited the changes in food-group ratios but resulted in a higher number of foods deviating from the observed supply and limited the potential of reducing GHGE in one school to 20%. Cost was reduced in almost all solutions. An omnivorous, nutritionally adequate, and affordable school food supply with considerably lower GHGE is achievable with moderate changes to the observed food supply; i.e., with Models 3 and 4. Trade-offs will always have to be made between achieving GHGE reductions and preserving similarity to the current supply. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph16173019 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_477515</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2299142139</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-45cf7b6de6c8eadb491129162807bd43674628c79f7eb84b35edfb21fcaea86c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9klFv0zAQxyMEYmPwyiOyxAuIdtixE8c8IFVdRydVGtKAV8txnNQlsTPb6VQ-Bp8YRy3TOgmefL773f_u7EuS1wieY8zgR71Rrl-jHFEMEXuSnKI8h1OSQ_T0gX2SvPB-AyEuSM6eJycYEVxkiJ4mv6_7oDv9S5sG3Mi1tS24tLYCN0Pft7tP4MoE1TgRxvjCbLWzplMmiHYClkq0YT0BC2mN7bScAGEqMB_aMDjRggsdQa-t8cDW8aZCFPVBaCNK3eqwA3c6rMFKGyUc-OpsLNN1sc7L5FktWq9eHc6z5Pvl4tt8OV1df7maz1ZTmeUkTEkma1rmlcploURVEoZQylCeFpCWFcE5JdGWlNVUlQUpcaaqukxRLYUSRS7xWTLd6_o71Q8l753uhNtxKzQ_uH5GS3FCaYay__LN0PPoaoaRTwvCMhb5D__kL_SPGbeu4U5zzFiKIv15T0e0U5WMjxxf8SjpOGL0mjd2y-OcFGU0CrzfC6wfpS1nKz76YJojhgu4HYu9OxRz9nZQPvBOe6naVhhlB8_TlDFEYlfjFG8foRs7OBM_hqc4ZRmEjKaROt9T0lnvnarvO0CQj4vKjxc1Jrx5OO49_ncz8R-vFej0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2329500972</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Optimizing School Food Supply: Integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>SWEPUB Freely available online</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia ; Patterson, Emma ; Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte ; Lindroos, Anna Karin ; Sonesson, Ulf ; Darmon, Nicole ; Parlesak, Alexandr</creator><creatorcontrib>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia ; Patterson, Emma ; Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte ; Lindroos, Anna Karin ; Sonesson, Ulf ; Darmon, Nicole ; Parlesak, Alexandr</creatorcontrib><description>There is great potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from public-sector meals. This paper aimed to develop a strategy for reducing GHGE in the Swedish school food supply while ensuring nutritional adequacy, affordability, and cultural acceptability. Amounts, prices and GHGE-values for all foods and drinks supplied to three schools over one year were gathered. The amounts were optimized by linear programming. Four nutritionally adequate models were developed: Model 1 minimized GHGE while constraining the relative deviation (RD) from the observed food supply, Model 2 minimized total RD while imposing stepwise GHGE reductions, Model 3 additionally constrained RD for individual foods to an upper and lower limit, and Model 4 further controlled how pair-wise ratios of 15 food groups could deviate. Models 1 and 2 reduced GHGE by up to 95% but omitted entire food categories or increased the supply of some individual foods by more than 800% and were deemed unfeasible. Model 3 reduced GHGE by up to 60%, excluded no foods, avoided high RDs of individual foods, but resulted in large changes in food-group ratios. Model 4 limited the changes in food-group ratios but resulted in a higher number of foods deviating from the observed supply and limited the potential of reducing GHGE in one school to 20%. Cost was reduced in almost all solutions. An omnivorous, nutritionally adequate, and affordable school food supply with considerably lower GHGE is achievable with moderate changes to the observed food supply; i.e., with Models 3 and 4. Trade-offs will always have to be made between achieving GHGE reductions and preserving similarity to the current supply.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31438517</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agenda 2030 ; Anthropogenic factors ; Biodiversity ; Carbon dioxide ; carbon footprint ; Cardiovascular diseases ; catering service ; children ; choices ; Climate change ; contribute ; cost constraint ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Cultural factors ; Culture ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diet ; Emissions ; Energy ; energy density ; Energy Intake ; Environmental & Occupational ; environmental health ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Food ; Food and Nutrition ; Food processing ; Food supply ; Food Supply - economics ; Food waste ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse Effect - prevention & control ; greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse Gases ; Health ; high nutritional quality ; Human influences ; Humans ; impact ; Legumes ; Life Sciences ; Linear programming ; Meals ; meat ; Models, Theoretical ; Morbidity ; Nutrient content ; nutrition ; Nutrition and Dietetics ; Nutrition Policy - economics ; Näringslära ; Plant-based foods ; Programming, Linear ; Public ; Santé publique et épidémiologie ; school meals ; Schools ; Schools - economics ; self-selected diets ; Sustainability ; Sustainable development ; Sustainable food system ; Sweden ; system analysis ; Urbanization ; vegetarian</subject><ispartof>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 2019, Vol.16 (17), p.3019</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Attribution</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-45cf7b6de6c8eadb491129162807bd43674628c79f7eb84b35edfb21fcaea86c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-45cf7b6de6c8eadb491129162807bd43674628c79f7eb84b35edfb21fcaea86c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7270-1162 ; 0000-0002-8505-116X ; 0000-0001-6625-4466 ; 0000-0003-1208-0936</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6747157/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6747157/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,551,724,777,781,882,4010,27904,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31438517$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02619380$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-39921$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/284959$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:141913573$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Emma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindroos, Anna Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonesson, Ulf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darmon, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parlesak, Alexandr</creatorcontrib><title>Optimizing School Food Supply: Integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming</title><title>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>There is great potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from public-sector meals. This paper aimed to develop a strategy for reducing GHGE in the Swedish school food supply while ensuring nutritional adequacy, affordability, and cultural acceptability. Amounts, prices and GHGE-values for all foods and drinks supplied to three schools over one year were gathered. The amounts were optimized by linear programming. Four nutritionally adequate models were developed: Model 1 minimized GHGE while constraining the relative deviation (RD) from the observed food supply, Model 2 minimized total RD while imposing stepwise GHGE reductions, Model 3 additionally constrained RD for individual foods to an upper and lower limit, and Model 4 further controlled how pair-wise ratios of 15 food groups could deviate. Models 1 and 2 reduced GHGE by up to 95% but omitted entire food categories or increased the supply of some individual foods by more than 800% and were deemed unfeasible. Model 3 reduced GHGE by up to 60%, excluded no foods, avoided high RDs of individual foods, but resulted in large changes in food-group ratios. Model 4 limited the changes in food-group ratios but resulted in a higher number of foods deviating from the observed supply and limited the potential of reducing GHGE in one school to 20%. Cost was reduced in almost all solutions. An omnivorous, nutritionally adequate, and affordable school food supply with considerably lower GHGE is achievable with moderate changes to the observed food supply; i.e., with Models 3 and 4. Trade-offs will always have to be made between achieving GHGE reductions and preserving similarity to the current supply.</description><subject>Agenda 2030</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>carbon footprint</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>catering service</subject><subject>children</subject><subject>choices</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>contribute</subject><subject>cost constraint</subject><subject>Costs and Cost Analysis</subject><subject>Cultural factors</subject><subject>Culture</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>energy density</subject><subject>Energy Intake</subject><subject>Environmental & Occupational</subject><subject>environmental health</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food and Nutrition</subject><subject>Food processing</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>Food Supply - economics</subject><subject>Food waste</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Greenhouse Effect - prevention & control</subject><subject>greenhouse gas emissions</subject><subject>Greenhouse Gases</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>high nutritional quality</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>impact</subject><subject>Legumes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Linear programming</subject><subject>Meals</subject><subject>meat</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Nutrient content</subject><subject>nutrition</subject><subject>Nutrition and Dietetics</subject><subject>Nutrition Policy - economics</subject><subject>Näringslära</subject><subject>Plant-based foods</subject><subject>Programming, Linear</subject><subject>Public</subject><subject>Santé publique et épidémiologie</subject><subject>school meals</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Schools - economics</subject><subject>self-selected diets</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Sustainable development</subject><subject>Sustainable food system</subject><subject>Sweden</subject><subject>system analysis</subject><subject>Urbanization</subject><subject>vegetarian</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNp9klFv0zAQxyMEYmPwyiOyxAuIdtixE8c8IFVdRydVGtKAV8txnNQlsTPb6VQ-Bp8YRy3TOgmefL773f_u7EuS1wieY8zgR71Rrl-jHFEMEXuSnKI8h1OSQ_T0gX2SvPB-AyEuSM6eJycYEVxkiJ4mv6_7oDv9S5sG3Mi1tS24tLYCN0Pft7tP4MoE1TgRxvjCbLWzplMmiHYClkq0YT0BC2mN7bScAGEqMB_aMDjRggsdQa-t8cDW8aZCFPVBaCNK3eqwA3c6rMFKGyUc-OpsLNN1sc7L5FktWq9eHc6z5Pvl4tt8OV1df7maz1ZTmeUkTEkma1rmlcploURVEoZQylCeFpCWFcE5JdGWlNVUlQUpcaaqukxRLYUSRS7xWTLd6_o71Q8l753uhNtxKzQ_uH5GS3FCaYay__LN0PPoaoaRTwvCMhb5D__kL_SPGbeu4U5zzFiKIv15T0e0U5WMjxxf8SjpOGL0mjd2y-OcFGU0CrzfC6wfpS1nKz76YJojhgu4HYu9OxRz9nZQPvBOe6naVhhlB8_TlDFEYlfjFG8foRs7OBM_hqc4ZRmEjKaROt9T0lnvnarvO0CQj4vKjxc1Jrx5OO49_ncz8R-vFej0</recordid><startdate>2019</startdate><enddate>2019</enddate><creator>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia</creator><creator>Patterson, Emma</creator><creator>Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte</creator><creator>Lindroos, Anna Karin</creator><creator>Sonesson, Ulf</creator><creator>Darmon, Nicole</creator><creator>Parlesak, Alexandr</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><scope>F1U</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-1162</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-116X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6625-4466</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1208-0936</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2019</creationdate><title>Optimizing School Food Supply: Integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming</title><author>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia ; Patterson, Emma ; Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte ; Lindroos, Anna Karin ; Sonesson, Ulf ; Darmon, Nicole ; Parlesak, Alexandr</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-45cf7b6de6c8eadb491129162807bd43674628c79f7eb84b35edfb21fcaea86c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Agenda 2030</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>carbon footprint</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>catering service</topic><topic>children</topic><topic>choices</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>contribute</topic><topic>cost constraint</topic><topic>Costs and Cost Analysis</topic><topic>Cultural factors</topic><topic>Culture</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>energy density</topic><topic>Energy Intake</topic><topic>Environmental & Occupational</topic><topic>environmental health</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food and Nutrition</topic><topic>Food processing</topic><topic>Food supply</topic><topic>Food Supply - economics</topic><topic>Food waste</topic><topic>Greenhouse effect</topic><topic>Greenhouse Effect - prevention & control</topic><topic>greenhouse gas emissions</topic><topic>Greenhouse Gases</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>high nutritional quality</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>impact</topic><topic>Legumes</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Linear programming</topic><topic>Meals</topic><topic>meat</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Nutrient content</topic><topic>nutrition</topic><topic>Nutrition and Dietetics</topic><topic>Nutrition Policy - economics</topic><topic>Näringslära</topic><topic>Plant-based foods</topic><topic>Programming, Linear</topic><topic>Public</topic><topic>Santé publique et épidémiologie</topic><topic>school meals</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Schools - economics</topic><topic>self-selected diets</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Sustainable development</topic><topic>Sustainable food system</topic><topic>Sweden</topic><topic>system analysis</topic><topic>Urbanization</topic><topic>vegetarian</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Emma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindroos, Anna Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonesson, Ulf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darmon, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parlesak, Alexandr</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><collection>SWEPUB Göteborgs universitet</collection><jtitle>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Eustachio Colombo, Patricia</au><au>Patterson, Emma</au><au>Schäfer Elinder, Liselotte</au><au>Lindroos, Anna Karin</au><au>Sonesson, Ulf</au><au>Darmon, Nicole</au><au>Parlesak, Alexandr</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Optimizing School Food Supply: Integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming</atitle><jtitle>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2019</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>3019</spage><pages>3019-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>There is great potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from public-sector meals. This paper aimed to develop a strategy for reducing GHGE in the Swedish school food supply while ensuring nutritional adequacy, affordability, and cultural acceptability. Amounts, prices and GHGE-values for all foods and drinks supplied to three schools over one year were gathered. The amounts were optimized by linear programming. Four nutritionally adequate models were developed: Model 1 minimized GHGE while constraining the relative deviation (RD) from the observed food supply, Model 2 minimized total RD while imposing stepwise GHGE reductions, Model 3 additionally constrained RD for individual foods to an upper and lower limit, and Model 4 further controlled how pair-wise ratios of 15 food groups could deviate. Models 1 and 2 reduced GHGE by up to 95% but omitted entire food categories or increased the supply of some individual foods by more than 800% and were deemed unfeasible. Model 3 reduced GHGE by up to 60%, excluded no foods, avoided high RDs of individual foods, but resulted in large changes in food-group ratios. Model 4 limited the changes in food-group ratios but resulted in a higher number of foods deviating from the observed supply and limited the potential of reducing GHGE in one school to 20%. Cost was reduced in almost all solutions. An omnivorous, nutritionally adequate, and affordable school food supply with considerably lower GHGE is achievable with moderate changes to the observed food supply; i.e., with Models 3 and 4. Trade-offs will always have to be made between achieving GHGE reductions and preserving similarity to the current supply.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31438517</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph16173019</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-1162</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-116X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6625-4466</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1208-0936</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
ispartof | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 2019, Vol.16 (17), p.3019 |
issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_477515 |
source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; SWEPUB Freely available online; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
subjects | Agenda 2030 Anthropogenic factors Biodiversity Carbon dioxide carbon footprint Cardiovascular diseases catering service children choices Climate change contribute cost constraint Costs and Cost Analysis Cultural factors Culture Diabetes mellitus Diet Emissions Energy energy density Energy Intake Environmental & Occupational environmental health Environmental Sciences & Ecology Food Food and Nutrition Food processing Food supply Food Supply - economics Food waste Greenhouse effect Greenhouse Effect - prevention & control greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse Gases Health high nutritional quality Human influences Humans impact Legumes Life Sciences Linear programming Meals meat Models, Theoretical Morbidity Nutrient content nutrition Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition Policy - economics Näringslära Plant-based foods Programming, Linear Public Santé publique et épidémiologie school meals Schools Schools - economics self-selected diets Sustainability Sustainable development Sustainable food system Sweden system analysis Urbanization vegetarian |
title | Optimizing School Food Supply: Integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T04%3A54%3A09IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_swepu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Optimizing%20School%20Food%20Supply:%20Integrating%20Environmental,%20Health,%20Economic,%20and%20Cultural%20Dimensions%20of%20Diet%20Sustainability%20with%20Linear%20Programming&rft.jtitle=INTERNATIONAL%20JOURNAL%20OF%20ENVIRONMENTAL%20RESEARCH%20AND%20PUBLIC%20HEALTH&rft.au=Eustachio%20Colombo,%20Patricia&rft.date=2019&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=3019&rft.pages=3019-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph16173019&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_swepu%3E2299142139%3C/proquest_swepu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2329500972&rft_id=info:pmid/31438517&rfr_iscdi=true |