Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours in relation to longevity: a Mendelian randomization study
Background The American Heart Association introduced the Life's Simple 7 initiative to improve cardiovascular health by modifying cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours. It is unclear whether these risk factors are causally associated with longevity. Objectives This study aimed to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of internal medicine 2021-02, Vol.289 (2), p.232-243 |
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| creator | Oort, S. Beulens, J. W. J. Ballegooijen, A. J. Burgess, S. Larsson, S. C. |
| description | Background
The American Heart Association introduced the Life's Simple 7 initiative to improve cardiovascular health by modifying cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours. It is unclear whether these risk factors are causally associated with longevity.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate causal associations of Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors, as well as sleep and education, with longevity using the two‐sample Mendelian randomization design.
Methods
Instrumental variables for the modifiable risk factors were obtained from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. Data on longevity beyond the 90th survival percentile were extracted from a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis with 11,262 cases and 25,483 controls whose age at death or last contact was ≤ the 60th survival percentile.
Results
Risk factors associated with a lower odds of longevity included the following: genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84;0.92), genetically predicted systolic and diastolic blood pressure (per 1‐mmHg increase: 0.96; 0.94;0.97 and 0.95; 0.93;0.97), body mass index (per 1‐SD increase: 0.80; 0.74;0.86), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 0.75; 0.65;0.86) and smoking initiation (0.75; 0.66;0.85). Genetically increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 1.23; 1.08;1.41) and educational level (per 1‐SD increase: 1.64; 1.45;1.86) were associated with a higher odds of longevity. Fasting glucose and other lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with longevity.
Conclusion
Most of the Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors are causally related to longevity. Prevention strategies should focus on modifying these risk factors and reducing education inequalities to improve cardiovascular health and longevity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/joim.13196 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_467064</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2482527776</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5236-7fca9ca6c806113c3dbca91a15f91940468f4b2c3ca3099b7144da06058d8fbf3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90k1vFCEYB3BiNHatXvwAhsSLMU6F4W3Gg0mzvtW06UW9EoaBLVsGKsxsM356qbM21kS5QODHP7w8ADzF6AiX9nob3XCECW75PbDChLOqFi2_D1aoZbTiTY0OwKOctwhhgjh6CA4IwUgg0axAWKvUu7hTWU9eJZhcvoRW6TGmDFXooXfW5HH2BnbmQu1cnMqCCzAZr0YXAxwj9DFszM6N8xuo4JkJvfFOFVL2x8H9WFwep35-DB5Y5bN5su8PwdcP77-sP1Wn5x9P1senlWY14ZWwWrVacd0gjjHRpO_KBFaY2Ra3FFHeWNrVmmhFUNt2AlPaq3I31vSN7Sw5BNWSm6_N1dTJq-QGlWYZlZP7qcsyMpJygTgt_tU__Tv37VjGtJHTJGktGGGFv114sYPptQljUv7OrrsrwV3ITdxJ0bSUCVQCXuwDUvw-lQeWg8vaeK-CiVOWNWWUM05xU-jzv-i2_EEor1dUU7NaCMGLerkonWLOydjbw2Akb6pE3lSJ_FUlBT_78_i39HdZFIAXcO28mf8TJT-fn5wtoT8B5JHLOQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2482527776</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours in relation to longevity: a Mendelian randomization study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>SWEPUB Freely available online</source><source>Wiley Free Content</source><creator>Oort, S. ; Beulens, J. W. J. ; Ballegooijen, A. J. ; Burgess, S. ; Larsson, S. C.</creator><creatorcontrib>Oort, S. ; Beulens, J. W. J. ; Ballegooijen, A. J. ; Burgess, S. ; Larsson, S. C.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
The American Heart Association introduced the Life's Simple 7 initiative to improve cardiovascular health by modifying cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours. It is unclear whether these risk factors are causally associated with longevity.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate causal associations of Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors, as well as sleep and education, with longevity using the two‐sample Mendelian randomization design.
Methods
Instrumental variables for the modifiable risk factors were obtained from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. Data on longevity beyond the 90th survival percentile were extracted from a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis with 11,262 cases and 25,483 controls whose age at death or last contact was ≤ the 60th survival percentile.
Results
Risk factors associated with a lower odds of longevity included the following: genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84;0.92), genetically predicted systolic and diastolic blood pressure (per 1‐mmHg increase: 0.96; 0.94;0.97 and 0.95; 0.93;0.97), body mass index (per 1‐SD increase: 0.80; 0.74;0.86), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 0.75; 0.65;0.86) and smoking initiation (0.75; 0.66;0.85). Genetically increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 1.23; 1.08;1.41) and educational level (per 1‐SD increase: 1.64; 1.45;1.86) were associated with a higher odds of longevity. Fasting glucose and other lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with longevity.
Conclusion
Most of the Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors are causally related to longevity. Prevention strategies should focus on modifying these risk factors and reducing education inequalities to improve cardiovascular health and longevity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-6820</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1365-2796</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2796</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/joim.13196</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33107078</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>American Heart Association ; Biomarkers - blood ; Blood pressure ; Body mass ; Body mass index ; Body size ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics ; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control ; cardiovascular risk factors ; Cholesterol ; Density ; Design modifications ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Education ; Educational Status ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomes ; Health risks ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Humans ; instrumental variable analysis ; Liability ; Life Style ; lifestyle ; Lifestyles ; Longevity ; Male ; Mendelian randomization ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Original ; Randomization ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Risk taking ; Sleep ; Survival ; United States</subject><ispartof>Journal of internal medicine, 2021-02, Vol.289 (2), p.232-243</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Publication of The Journal of Internal Medicine</rights><rights>2020 The Authors. Journal of Internal Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Publication of The Journal of Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5236-7fca9ca6c806113c3dbca91a15f91940468f4b2c3ca3099b7144da06058d8fbf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5236-7fca9ca6c806113c3dbca91a15f91940468f4b2c3ca3099b7144da06058d8fbf3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0756-2730 ; 0000-0002-6400-6765 ; 0000-0003-0118-0341</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjoim.13196$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjoim.13196$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,550,776,780,881,1411,1427,27903,27904,45553,45554,46387,46811</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33107078$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-427535$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:145127616$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oort, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beulens, J. W. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ballegooijen, A. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burgess, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larsson, S. C.</creatorcontrib><title>Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours in relation to longevity: a Mendelian randomization study</title><title>Journal of internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Intern Med</addtitle><description>Background
The American Heart Association introduced the Life's Simple 7 initiative to improve cardiovascular health by modifying cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours. It is unclear whether these risk factors are causally associated with longevity.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate causal associations of Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors, as well as sleep and education, with longevity using the two‐sample Mendelian randomization design.
Methods
Instrumental variables for the modifiable risk factors were obtained from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. Data on longevity beyond the 90th survival percentile were extracted from a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis with 11,262 cases and 25,483 controls whose age at death or last contact was ≤ the 60th survival percentile.
Results
Risk factors associated with a lower odds of longevity included the following: genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84;0.92), genetically predicted systolic and diastolic blood pressure (per 1‐mmHg increase: 0.96; 0.94;0.97 and 0.95; 0.93;0.97), body mass index (per 1‐SD increase: 0.80; 0.74;0.86), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 0.75; 0.65;0.86) and smoking initiation (0.75; 0.66;0.85). Genetically increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 1.23; 1.08;1.41) and educational level (per 1‐SD increase: 1.64; 1.45;1.86) were associated with a higher odds of longevity. Fasting glucose and other lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with longevity.
Conclusion
Most of the Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors are causally related to longevity. Prevention strategies should focus on modifying these risk factors and reducing education inequalities to improve cardiovascular health and longevity.</description><subject>American Heart Association</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>cardiovascular risk factors</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Design modifications</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heart Disease Risk Factors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>instrumental variable analysis</subject><subject>Liability</subject><subject>Life Style</subject><subject>lifestyle</subject><subject>Lifestyles</subject><subject>Longevity</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mendelian randomization</subject><subject>Mendelian Randomization Analysis</subject><subject>Meta-Analysis as Topic</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Randomization</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Risk taking</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>United States</subject><issn>0954-6820</issn><issn>1365-2796</issn><issn>1365-2796</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNp90k1vFCEYB3BiNHatXvwAhsSLMU6F4W3Gg0mzvtW06UW9EoaBLVsGKsxsM356qbM21kS5QODHP7w8ADzF6AiX9nob3XCECW75PbDChLOqFi2_D1aoZbTiTY0OwKOctwhhgjh6CA4IwUgg0axAWKvUu7hTWU9eJZhcvoRW6TGmDFXooXfW5HH2BnbmQu1cnMqCCzAZr0YXAxwj9DFszM6N8xuo4JkJvfFOFVL2x8H9WFwep35-DB5Y5bN5su8PwdcP77-sP1Wn5x9P1senlWY14ZWwWrVacd0gjjHRpO_KBFaY2Ra3FFHeWNrVmmhFUNt2AlPaq3I31vSN7Sw5BNWSm6_N1dTJq-QGlWYZlZP7qcsyMpJygTgt_tU__Tv37VjGtJHTJGktGGGFv114sYPptQljUv7OrrsrwV3ITdxJ0bSUCVQCXuwDUvw-lQeWg8vaeK-CiVOWNWWUM05xU-jzv-i2_EEor1dUU7NaCMGLerkonWLOydjbw2Akb6pE3lSJ_FUlBT_78_i39HdZFIAXcO28mf8TJT-fn5wtoT8B5JHLOQ</recordid><startdate>202102</startdate><enddate>202102</enddate><creator>Oort, S.</creator><creator>Beulens, J. W. J.</creator><creator>Ballegooijen, A. J.</creator><creator>Burgess, S.</creator><creator>Larsson, S. C.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>ACNBI</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>DF2</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-2730</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-6765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-0341</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202102</creationdate><title>Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours in relation to longevity: a Mendelian randomization study</title><author>Oort, S. ; Beulens, J. W. J. ; Ballegooijen, A. J. ; Burgess, S. ; Larsson, S. C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5236-7fca9ca6c806113c3dbca91a15f91940468f4b2c3ca3099b7144da06058d8fbf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>American Heart Association</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control</topic><topic>cardiovascular risk factors</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Design modifications</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heart Disease Risk Factors</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>instrumental variable analysis</topic><topic>Liability</topic><topic>Life Style</topic><topic>lifestyle</topic><topic>Lifestyles</topic><topic>Longevity</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mendelian randomization</topic><topic>Mendelian Randomization Analysis</topic><topic>Meta-Analysis as Topic</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Randomization</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Risk taking</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>United States</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oort, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beulens, J. W. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ballegooijen, A. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burgess, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larsson, S. C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SWEPUB Uppsala universitet full text</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SWEPUB Uppsala universitet</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>Journal of internal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oort, S.</au><au>Beulens, J. W. J.</au><au>Ballegooijen, A. J.</au><au>Burgess, S.</au><au>Larsson, S. C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours in relation to longevity: a Mendelian randomization study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of internal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Intern Med</addtitle><date>2021-02</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>289</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>232</spage><epage>243</epage><pages>232-243</pages><issn>0954-6820</issn><issn>1365-2796</issn><eissn>1365-2796</eissn><abstract>Background
The American Heart Association introduced the Life's Simple 7 initiative to improve cardiovascular health by modifying cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours. It is unclear whether these risk factors are causally associated with longevity.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate causal associations of Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors, as well as sleep and education, with longevity using the two‐sample Mendelian randomization design.
Methods
Instrumental variables for the modifiable risk factors were obtained from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. Data on longevity beyond the 90th survival percentile were extracted from a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis with 11,262 cases and 25,483 controls whose age at death or last contact was ≤ the 60th survival percentile.
Results
Risk factors associated with a lower odds of longevity included the following: genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84;0.92), genetically predicted systolic and diastolic blood pressure (per 1‐mmHg increase: 0.96; 0.94;0.97 and 0.95; 0.93;0.97), body mass index (per 1‐SD increase: 0.80; 0.74;0.86), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 0.75; 0.65;0.86) and smoking initiation (0.75; 0.66;0.85). Genetically increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (per 1‐SD increase: 1.23; 1.08;1.41) and educational level (per 1‐SD increase: 1.64; 1.45;1.86) were associated with a higher odds of longevity. Fasting glucose and other lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with longevity.
Conclusion
Most of the Life's Simple 7 modifiable risk factors are causally related to longevity. Prevention strategies should focus on modifying these risk factors and reducing education inequalities to improve cardiovascular health and longevity.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>33107078</pmid><doi>10.1111/joim.13196</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-2730</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-6765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-0341</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | American Heart Association Biomarkers - blood Blood pressure Body mass Body mass index Body size Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control cardiovascular risk factors Cholesterol Density Design modifications Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Education Educational Status Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genomes Health risks Heart Disease Risk Factors Humans instrumental variable analysis Liability Life Style lifestyle Lifestyles Longevity Male Mendelian randomization Mendelian Randomization Analysis Meta-Analysis as Topic Original Randomization Risk analysis Risk factors Risk taking Sleep Survival United States |
| title | Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviours in relation to longevity: a Mendelian randomization study |
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