The age of randomized clinical trials: three important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy with examples from lipid, diabetes, and antithrombotic trials

Abstract This review article aims to explain the important issues that data safety monitoring boards (DSMB) face when considering early termination of a trial and is specifically addressed to the needs of clinical and research cardiologists. We give an insight into the overall background and then fo...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy 2021-09, Vol.7 (5), p.453-459
Hauptverfasser: Drexel, Heinz, Lewis, Basil S, Rosano, Giuseppe M C, Saely, Christoph H, Tautermann, Gerda, Huber, Kurt, Dopheide, Joern F, Kaski, Juan Carlos, Mader, Arthur, Niessner, Alexander, Savarese, Gianluigi, Schmidt, Thomas A, Semb, AnneGrete, Tamargo, Juan, Wassmann, Sven, Per Kjeldsen, Keld, Agewall, Stefan, Pocock, Stuart J
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 459
container_issue 5
container_start_page 453
container_title European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy
container_volume 7
creator Drexel, Heinz
Lewis, Basil S
Rosano, Giuseppe M C
Saely, Christoph H
Tautermann, Gerda
Huber, Kurt
Dopheide, Joern F
Kaski, Juan Carlos
Mader, Arthur
Niessner, Alexander
Savarese, Gianluigi
Schmidt, Thomas A
Semb, AnneGrete
Tamargo, Juan
Wassmann, Sven
Per Kjeldsen, Keld
Agewall, Stefan
Pocock, Stuart J
description Abstract This review article aims to explain the important issues that data safety monitoring boards (DSMB) face when considering early termination of a trial and is specifically addressed to the needs of clinical and research cardiologists. We give an insight into the overall background and then focus on the three principal reasons for stopping trials, i.e. efficacy, futility, and harm. The statistical essentials are also addressed to familiarize clinicians with the key principles. The topic is further highlighted by numerous examples from lipid trials and antithrombotic trials. This is followed by an overview of regulatory aspects, including an insight into industry–investigator interactions. To conclude, we summarize the key elements that are the basis for a decision to stop a randomized clinical trial (RCT).
doi_str_mv 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa126
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_466919</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A701549677</galeid><oup_id>10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa126</oup_id><sourcerecordid>A701549677</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5538-fa49d430a34061b0c1dc6e22d7b8f7e4419c505c040623ae58b8286615faa6863</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqdkk1r3DAQhk1paEKSa49F0FMhm0jWl91bCP2CQC_p2YzlcaytbamSvGn62_rjqrKbzSVtoQgxw8zzvgzDFMVLRs8ZrfkFDmuz8Rd-A8BK9aw4KqmUK1UJ-Xyfc31YnMa4ppQyVamy4i-KQ84Zl1TXR8XPmwEJ3CJxPQkwd26yP7AjZrSzNTCSFCyM8S1JQ0AkdvIuJJgTgejRpPh3GbEzMRA66zYQzTJCIH6AMIFxacAA_p7c2TQQ_A6THzGSPriJjNbb7ox0FlpMGM9I9s8_ZTK3W5es2fmfFAd9Dni6i8fFl_fvbq4-rq4_f_h0dXm9MlLyatWDqDvBKXBBFWupYZ1RWJadbqteoxCsNpJKQ3O75ICyaquyUorJHiDvjB8Xq61vvEO_tI0PdoJw3ziwza70NWfYCKVqVme-_iPvg-seRQ9CJipdVyXn_6XVWkopWNa-3moz-G3BmJq1W8KcV9OUUmtRKSnVI3ULIzZ27l0KYCYbTXOpKZOiVlpn6vwJKr8OJ2vcjL3N9acEJrgYA_b70Rltfp9rsz3XZneuWfBqN-3STtjt8YfjzMCbLeAW_y-zXyly-4U</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2577486556</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The age of randomized clinical trials: three important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy with examples from lipid, diabetes, and antithrombotic trials</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SWEPUB Freely available online</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Drexel, Heinz ; Lewis, Basil S ; Rosano, Giuseppe M C ; Saely, Christoph H ; Tautermann, Gerda ; Huber, Kurt ; Dopheide, Joern F ; Kaski, Juan Carlos ; Mader, Arthur ; Niessner, Alexander ; Savarese, Gianluigi ; Schmidt, Thomas A ; Semb, AnneGrete ; Tamargo, Juan ; Wassmann, Sven ; Per Kjeldsen, Keld ; Agewall, Stefan ; Pocock, Stuart J</creator><creatorcontrib>Drexel, Heinz ; Lewis, Basil S ; Rosano, Giuseppe M C ; Saely, Christoph H ; Tautermann, Gerda ; Huber, Kurt ; Dopheide, Joern F ; Kaski, Juan Carlos ; Mader, Arthur ; Niessner, Alexander ; Savarese, Gianluigi ; Schmidt, Thomas A ; Semb, AnneGrete ; Tamargo, Juan ; Wassmann, Sven ; Per Kjeldsen, Keld ; Agewall, Stefan ; Pocock, Stuart J</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract This review article aims to explain the important issues that data safety monitoring boards (DSMB) face when considering early termination of a trial and is specifically addressed to the needs of clinical and research cardiologists. We give an insight into the overall background and then focus on the three principal reasons for stopping trials, i.e. efficacy, futility, and harm. The statistical essentials are also addressed to familiarize clinicians with the key principles. The topic is further highlighted by numerous examples from lipid trials and antithrombotic trials. This is followed by an overview of regulatory aspects, including an insight into industry–investigator interactions. To conclude, we summarize the key elements that are the basis for a decision to stop a randomized clinical trial (RCT).</description><identifier>ISSN: 2055-6837</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2055-6845</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2055-6845</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa126</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33135079</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Apixaban ; Cardiovascular disease ; Clinical trials ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus - drug therapy ; Drug therapy ; Evidence-based medicine ; Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects ; Humans ; Laropiprant ; Lipids ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research Design ; Rivaroxaban ; Thrombosis</subject><ispartof>European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2021-09, Vol.7 (5), p.453-459</ispartof><rights>Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. © The Author(s) 2020. 2020</rights><rights>Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. © The Author(s) 2020.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Oxford University Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5538-fa49d430a34061b0c1dc6e22d7b8f7e4419c505c040623ae58b8286615faa6863</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5538-fa49d430a34061b0c1dc6e22d7b8f7e4419c505c040623ae58b8286615faa6863</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2212-4007 ; 0000-0002-6942-6312 ; 0000-0002-4677-9756</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,552,780,784,885,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33135079$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:147755541$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:148798233$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Drexel, Heinz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Basil S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosano, Giuseppe M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saely, Christoph H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tautermann, Gerda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huber, Kurt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dopheide, Joern F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaski, Juan Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mader, Arthur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niessner, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savarese, Gianluigi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Thomas A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semb, AnneGrete</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamargo, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wassmann, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Per Kjeldsen, Keld</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agewall, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pocock, Stuart J</creatorcontrib><title>The age of randomized clinical trials: three important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy with examples from lipid, diabetes, and antithrombotic trials</title><title>European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy</title><addtitle>Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother</addtitle><description>Abstract This review article aims to explain the important issues that data safety monitoring boards (DSMB) face when considering early termination of a trial and is specifically addressed to the needs of clinical and research cardiologists. We give an insight into the overall background and then focus on the three principal reasons for stopping trials, i.e. efficacy, futility, and harm. The statistical essentials are also addressed to familiarize clinicians with the key principles. The topic is further highlighted by numerous examples from lipid trials and antithrombotic trials. This is followed by an overview of regulatory aspects, including an insight into industry–investigator interactions. To conclude, we summarize the key elements that are the basis for a decision to stop a randomized clinical trial (RCT).</description><subject>Apixaban</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - drug therapy</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Evidence-based medicine</subject><subject>Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laropiprant</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><subject>Research Design</subject><subject>Rivaroxaban</subject><subject>Thrombosis</subject><issn>2055-6837</issn><issn>2055-6845</issn><issn>2055-6845</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNqdkk1r3DAQhk1paEKSa49F0FMhm0jWl91bCP2CQC_p2YzlcaytbamSvGn62_rjqrKbzSVtoQgxw8zzvgzDFMVLRs8ZrfkFDmuz8Rd-A8BK9aw4KqmUK1UJ-Xyfc31YnMa4ppQyVamy4i-KQ84Zl1TXR8XPmwEJ3CJxPQkwd26yP7AjZrSzNTCSFCyM8S1JQ0AkdvIuJJgTgejRpPh3GbEzMRA66zYQzTJCIH6AMIFxacAA_p7c2TQQ_A6THzGSPriJjNbb7ox0FlpMGM9I9s8_ZTK3W5es2fmfFAd9Dni6i8fFl_fvbq4-rq4_f_h0dXm9MlLyatWDqDvBKXBBFWupYZ1RWJadbqteoxCsNpJKQ3O75ICyaquyUorJHiDvjB8Xq61vvEO_tI0PdoJw3ziwza70NWfYCKVqVme-_iPvg-seRQ9CJipdVyXn_6XVWkopWNa-3moz-G3BmJq1W8KcV9OUUmtRKSnVI3ULIzZ27l0KYCYbTXOpKZOiVlpn6vwJKr8OJ2vcjL3N9acEJrgYA_b70Rltfp9rsz3XZneuWfBqN-3STtjt8YfjzMCbLeAW_y-zXyly-4U</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Drexel, Heinz</creator><creator>Lewis, Basil S</creator><creator>Rosano, Giuseppe M C</creator><creator>Saely, Christoph H</creator><creator>Tautermann, Gerda</creator><creator>Huber, Kurt</creator><creator>Dopheide, Joern F</creator><creator>Kaski, Juan Carlos</creator><creator>Mader, Arthur</creator><creator>Niessner, Alexander</creator><creator>Savarese, Gianluigi</creator><creator>Schmidt, Thomas A</creator><creator>Semb, AnneGrete</creator><creator>Tamargo, Juan</creator><creator>Wassmann, Sven</creator><creator>Per Kjeldsen, Keld</creator><creator>Agewall, Stefan</creator><creator>Pocock, Stuart J</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-4007</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-6312</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-9756</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210901</creationdate><title>The age of randomized clinical trials: three important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy with examples from lipid, diabetes, and antithrombotic trials</title><author>Drexel, Heinz ; Lewis, Basil S ; Rosano, Giuseppe M C ; Saely, Christoph H ; Tautermann, Gerda ; Huber, Kurt ; Dopheide, Joern F ; Kaski, Juan Carlos ; Mader, Arthur ; Niessner, Alexander ; Savarese, Gianluigi ; Schmidt, Thomas A ; Semb, AnneGrete ; Tamargo, Juan ; Wassmann, Sven ; Per Kjeldsen, Keld ; Agewall, Stefan ; Pocock, Stuart J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5538-fa49d430a34061b0c1dc6e22d7b8f7e4419c505c040623ae58b8286615faa6863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Apixaban</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus - drug therapy</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Evidence-based medicine</topic><topic>Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laropiprant</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Medicin och hälsovetenskap</topic><topic>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</topic><topic>Research Design</topic><topic>Rivaroxaban</topic><topic>Thrombosis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Drexel, Heinz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Basil S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosano, Giuseppe M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saely, Christoph H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tautermann, Gerda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huber, Kurt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dopheide, Joern F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaski, Juan Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mader, Arthur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niessner, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savarese, Gianluigi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Thomas A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semb, AnneGrete</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamargo, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wassmann, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Per Kjeldsen, Keld</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agewall, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pocock, Stuart J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Drexel, Heinz</au><au>Lewis, Basil S</au><au>Rosano, Giuseppe M C</au><au>Saely, Christoph H</au><au>Tautermann, Gerda</au><au>Huber, Kurt</au><au>Dopheide, Joern F</au><au>Kaski, Juan Carlos</au><au>Mader, Arthur</au><au>Niessner, Alexander</au><au>Savarese, Gianluigi</au><au>Schmidt, Thomas A</au><au>Semb, AnneGrete</au><au>Tamargo, Juan</au><au>Wassmann, Sven</au><au>Per Kjeldsen, Keld</au><au>Agewall, Stefan</au><au>Pocock, Stuart J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The age of randomized clinical trials: three important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy with examples from lipid, diabetes, and antithrombotic trials</atitle><jtitle>European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy</jtitle><addtitle>Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother</addtitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>453</spage><epage>459</epage><pages>453-459</pages><issn>2055-6837</issn><issn>2055-6845</issn><eissn>2055-6845</eissn><abstract>Abstract This review article aims to explain the important issues that data safety monitoring boards (DSMB) face when considering early termination of a trial and is specifically addressed to the needs of clinical and research cardiologists. We give an insight into the overall background and then focus on the three principal reasons for stopping trials, i.e. efficacy, futility, and harm. The statistical essentials are also addressed to familiarize clinicians with the key principles. The topic is further highlighted by numerous examples from lipid trials and antithrombotic trials. This is followed by an overview of regulatory aspects, including an insight into industry–investigator interactions. To conclude, we summarize the key elements that are the basis for a decision to stop a randomized clinical trial (RCT).</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33135079</pmid><doi>10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa126</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-4007</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-6312</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-9756</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2055-6837
ispartof European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2021-09, Vol.7 (5), p.453-459
issn 2055-6837
2055-6845
2055-6845
language eng
recordid cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_466919
source MEDLINE; SWEPUB Freely available online; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Apixaban
Cardiovascular disease
Clinical trials
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis
Diabetes Mellitus - drug therapy
Drug therapy
Evidence-based medicine
Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects
Humans
Laropiprant
Lipids
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Research Design
Rivaroxaban
Thrombosis
title The age of randomized clinical trials: three important aspects of randomized clinical trials in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy with examples from lipid, diabetes, and antithrombotic trials
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T11%3A22%3A17IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_swepu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20age%20of%20randomized%20clinical%20trials:%20three%20important%20aspects%20of%20randomized%20clinical%20trials%20in%20cardiovascular%20pharmacotherapy%20with%20examples%20from%20lipid,%20diabetes,%20and%20antithrombotic%20trials&rft.jtitle=European%20heart%20journal.%20Cardiovascular%20pharmacotherapy&rft.au=Drexel,%20Heinz&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=453&rft.epage=459&rft.pages=453-459&rft.issn=2055-6837&rft.eissn=2055-6845&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa126&rft_dat=%3Cgale_swepu%3EA701549677%3C/gale_swepu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2577486556&rft_id=info:pmid/33135079&rft_galeid=A701549677&rft_oup_id=10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa126&rfr_iscdi=true