Prognostic Factors for Patient-Reported Outcomes at 32 to 37 Years After Surgical or Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Background: Knowledge to inform the identification of individuals with a poor long-term prognosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is limited. Identifying prognostic factors for long-term outcomes after ACL injury may inform targeted interventions to improve outcomes for those with a po...
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| creator | Filbay, Stephanie Andersson, Christer Gauffin, Håkan Kvist, Joanna |
| description | Background:
Knowledge to inform the identification of individuals with a poor long-term prognosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is limited. Identifying prognostic factors for long-term outcomes after ACL injury may inform targeted interventions to improve outcomes for those with a poor long-term prognosis.
Purpose:
To determine whether ACL treatment (early augmented or nonaugmented ACL repair plus rehabilitation, rehabilitation alone, or rehabilitation plus delayed ACL reconstruction [ACLR]) and 4-year measures (quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop, knee laxity, flexion and extension deficit, self-reported knee function, activity level) are prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes at 32 to 37 years after acute ACL injury.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
A total of 251 patients aged 15 to 40 years with acute ACL rupture between 1980 and 1985 were allocated to early ACL repair (augmented or nonaugmented) plus rehabilitation or to rehabilitation alone, based on birth year. One hundred ninety of 234 completed 32- to 37-year follow-up questionnaires (response rate, 81%); 18 people were excluded, resulting in 172 patients available for analysis (mean age, 59 ± 6 years; 28% female). Potential prognostic factors assessed 4 years after ACL injury were ACL treatment (early ACL repair, rehabilitation alone, or delayed ACLR), isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop performance, knee flexion and extension deficit, knee laxity, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm score. Outcomes included Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life (ACL-QOL) measure. Linear regression adjusted for age, sex, baseline meniscal injury, and contralateral ACL injury was used to assess potential prognostic factors for 32- to 37-year outcomes. Multiple imputation accounted for missing data.
Results:
A fair/poor Lysholm score (vs excellent/good) at 4 years was a prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain (adjusted regression coefficient, −12 [95% confidence interval (CI), −19 to −4]), KOOS Symptoms (−15 [95% CI, −23 to −7]), KOOS Sport and Recreation (−19 [95% CI, −31 to −8]), and ACL QOL (−9 [95% CI, −18 to −1]) scores. A 4-year single-leg hop limb symmetry index |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/23259671211021592 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_swepub_ki_se_459782</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_23259671211021592</sage_id><sourcerecordid>2577375513</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-3be8ce6fd148a8be22c19ab5992002a52040147ea62e9d601cf1cf7eb988c3e83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9ks1u1DAQxyMEolXpA3CzxIVLSsaOY_uCtFooVFpoxZfEyXK8k-AliRfbAfUteGS87PJREFiWPJ75zV8z9hTFfajOAIR4RBnlqhFAASoKXNFbxfHOV-6ct3-zj4rTGDdVXpKDYuJuccRqpngj6-Pi61Xw_eRjcpacG5t8iKTzgVyZ5HBK5Svc-pBwTS7nZP2IkZhEGCXJEybIezSZX3QJA3k9h95ZM5Cc_dJP8cf1hZlMj2MWI74jiymzLiPLMFtnEpKV68336MW0mcP1veJOZ4aIp4fzpHh7_vTN8nm5unx2sVysSpubSCVrUVpsujXU0sgWKbWgTMuVolVFDadVXUEt0DQU1bqpwHZ5C2yVlJahZCdFudeNX3A7t3ob3GjCtfbG6YPrY7ZQ11wJSf_LP3HvFtqHXg9u1iCUrFnmH-_5DI-4trnDYIYbaTcjk_uge_9ZS9YApyoLPDwIBP9pxpj06KLFYTAT-jlqyhtQILhoMvrgD3Tj5zDl58uUEExwDruKYE_Z4GMM2P0sBiq9Gyn910jlnLND1_kPf6n-O-EbJxDL4Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2577375513</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prognostic Factors for Patient-Reported Outcomes at 32 to 37 Years After Surgical or Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SWEPUB Freely available online</source><creator>Filbay, Stephanie ; Andersson, Christer ; Gauffin, Håkan ; Kvist, Joanna</creator><creatorcontrib>Filbay, Stephanie ; Andersson, Christer ; Gauffin, Håkan ; Kvist, Joanna</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
Knowledge to inform the identification of individuals with a poor long-term prognosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is limited. Identifying prognostic factors for long-term outcomes after ACL injury may inform targeted interventions to improve outcomes for those with a poor long-term prognosis.
Purpose:
To determine whether ACL treatment (early augmented or nonaugmented ACL repair plus rehabilitation, rehabilitation alone, or rehabilitation plus delayed ACL reconstruction [ACLR]) and 4-year measures (quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop, knee laxity, flexion and extension deficit, self-reported knee function, activity level) are prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes at 32 to 37 years after acute ACL injury.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
A total of 251 patients aged 15 to 40 years with acute ACL rupture between 1980 and 1985 were allocated to early ACL repair (augmented or nonaugmented) plus rehabilitation or to rehabilitation alone, based on birth year. One hundred ninety of 234 completed 32- to 37-year follow-up questionnaires (response rate, 81%); 18 people were excluded, resulting in 172 patients available for analysis (mean age, 59 ± 6 years; 28% female). Potential prognostic factors assessed 4 years after ACL injury were ACL treatment (early ACL repair, rehabilitation alone, or delayed ACLR), isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop performance, knee flexion and extension deficit, knee laxity, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm score. Outcomes included Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life (ACL-QOL) measure. Linear regression adjusted for age, sex, baseline meniscal injury, and contralateral ACL injury was used to assess potential prognostic factors for 32- to 37-year outcomes. Multiple imputation accounted for missing data.
Results:
A fair/poor Lysholm score (vs excellent/good) at 4 years was a prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain (adjusted regression coefficient, −12 [95% confidence interval (CI), −19 to −4]), KOOS Symptoms (−15 [95% CI, −23 to −7]), KOOS Sport and Recreation (−19 [95% CI, −31 to −8]), and ACL QOL (−9 [95% CI, −18 to −1]) scores. A 4-year single-leg hop limb symmetry index <90% was a prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain (adjusted regression coefficient, −9 [95% CI, −17 to −1]) and ACL QOL (−13 [95% CI, −22 to −3]) scores at long-term follow-up. A lower activity level, delayed ACLR, and increased knee laxity were prognostic factors in the crude analysis. Rehabilitation alone versus early repair, quadriceps and hamstring strength, and flexion and extension deficit were not related to 32- to 37-year outcomes.
Conclusion:
Reduced self-reported knee function and single-leg hop performance 4 years after ACL injury were prognostic factors for worse 32- to 37-year outcomes. Estimates exceeded clinically important thresholds, highlighting the importance of assessing these constructs when managing individuals with ACL injuries.
Registration:
NCT03182647 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).</description><identifier>ISSN: 2325-9671</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2325-9671</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/23259671211021592</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34395684</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Joint and ligament injuries ; Knee ; Medical prognosis ; Orthopedics ; Rehabilitation ; Sports injuries ; Sports medicine</subject><ispartof>ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 2021-08, Vol.9 (8), p.23259671211021592-23259671211021592</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – No Derivatives License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021 2021 SAGE Publications</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-3be8ce6fd148a8be22c19ab5992002a52040147ea62e9d601cf1cf7eb988c3e83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-3be8ce6fd148a8be22c19ab5992002a52040147ea62e9d601cf1cf7eb988c3e83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8361529/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8361529/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,550,723,776,780,860,881,21945,27830,27901,27902,44921,45309,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179843$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:147666173$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Filbay, Stephanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersson, Christer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gauffin, Håkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kvist, Joanna</creatorcontrib><title>Prognostic Factors for Patient-Reported Outcomes at 32 to 37 Years After Surgical or Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury</title><title>ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE</title><description>Background:
Knowledge to inform the identification of individuals with a poor long-term prognosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is limited. Identifying prognostic factors for long-term outcomes after ACL injury may inform targeted interventions to improve outcomes for those with a poor long-term prognosis.
Purpose:
To determine whether ACL treatment (early augmented or nonaugmented ACL repair plus rehabilitation, rehabilitation alone, or rehabilitation plus delayed ACL reconstruction [ACLR]) and 4-year measures (quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop, knee laxity, flexion and extension deficit, self-reported knee function, activity level) are prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes at 32 to 37 years after acute ACL injury.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
A total of 251 patients aged 15 to 40 years with acute ACL rupture between 1980 and 1985 were allocated to early ACL repair (augmented or nonaugmented) plus rehabilitation or to rehabilitation alone, based on birth year. One hundred ninety of 234 completed 32- to 37-year follow-up questionnaires (response rate, 81%); 18 people were excluded, resulting in 172 patients available for analysis (mean age, 59 ± 6 years; 28% female). Potential prognostic factors assessed 4 years after ACL injury were ACL treatment (early ACL repair, rehabilitation alone, or delayed ACLR), isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop performance, knee flexion and extension deficit, knee laxity, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm score. Outcomes included Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life (ACL-QOL) measure. Linear regression adjusted for age, sex, baseline meniscal injury, and contralateral ACL injury was used to assess potential prognostic factors for 32- to 37-year outcomes. Multiple imputation accounted for missing data.
Results:
A fair/poor Lysholm score (vs excellent/good) at 4 years was a prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain (adjusted regression coefficient, −12 [95% confidence interval (CI), −19 to −4]), KOOS Symptoms (−15 [95% CI, −23 to −7]), KOOS Sport and Recreation (−19 [95% CI, −31 to −8]), and ACL QOL (−9 [95% CI, −18 to −1]) scores. A 4-year single-leg hop limb symmetry index <90% was a prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain (adjusted regression coefficient, −9 [95% CI, −17 to −1]) and ACL QOL (−13 [95% CI, −22 to −3]) scores at long-term follow-up. A lower activity level, delayed ACLR, and increased knee laxity were prognostic factors in the crude analysis. Rehabilitation alone versus early repair, quadriceps and hamstring strength, and flexion and extension deficit were not related to 32- to 37-year outcomes.
Conclusion:
Reduced self-reported knee function and single-leg hop performance 4 years after ACL injury were prognostic factors for worse 32- to 37-year outcomes. Estimates exceeded clinically important thresholds, highlighting the importance of assessing these constructs when managing individuals with ACL injuries.
Registration:
NCT03182647 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).</description><subject>Joint and ligament injuries</subject><subject>Knee</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><issn>2325-9671</issn><issn>2325-9671</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFRWT</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ks1u1DAQxyMEolXpA3CzxIVLSsaOY_uCtFooVFpoxZfEyXK8k-AliRfbAfUteGS87PJREFiWPJ75zV8z9hTFfajOAIR4RBnlqhFAASoKXNFbxfHOV-6ct3-zj4rTGDdVXpKDYuJuccRqpngj6-Pi61Xw_eRjcpacG5t8iKTzgVyZ5HBK5Svc-pBwTS7nZP2IkZhEGCXJEybIezSZX3QJA3k9h95ZM5Cc_dJP8cf1hZlMj2MWI74jiymzLiPLMFtnEpKV68336MW0mcP1veJOZ4aIp4fzpHh7_vTN8nm5unx2sVysSpubSCVrUVpsujXU0sgWKbWgTMuVolVFDadVXUEt0DQU1bqpwHZ5C2yVlJahZCdFudeNX3A7t3ob3GjCtfbG6YPrY7ZQ11wJSf_LP3HvFtqHXg9u1iCUrFnmH-_5DI-4trnDYIYbaTcjk_uge_9ZS9YApyoLPDwIBP9pxpj06KLFYTAT-jlqyhtQILhoMvrgD3Tj5zDl58uUEExwDruKYE_Z4GMM2P0sBiq9Gyn910jlnLND1_kPf6n-O-EbJxDL4Q</recordid><startdate>20210801</startdate><enddate>20210801</enddate><creator>Filbay, Stephanie</creator><creator>Andersson, Christer</creator><creator>Gauffin, Håkan</creator><creator>Kvist, Joanna</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>AFRWT</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>ABXSW</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>DG8</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210801</creationdate><title>Prognostic Factors for Patient-Reported Outcomes at 32 to 37 Years After Surgical or Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury</title><author>Filbay, Stephanie ; Andersson, Christer ; Gauffin, Håkan ; Kvist, Joanna</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c519t-3be8ce6fd148a8be22c19ab5992002a52040147ea62e9d601cf1cf7eb988c3e83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Joint and ligament injuries</topic><topic>Knee</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Filbay, Stephanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersson, Christer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gauffin, Håkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kvist, Joanna</creatorcontrib><collection>Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health & Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SWEPUB Linköpings universitet full text</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SWEPUB Linköpings universitet</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Filbay, Stephanie</au><au>Andersson, Christer</au><au>Gauffin, Håkan</au><au>Kvist, Joanna</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prognostic Factors for Patient-Reported Outcomes at 32 to 37 Years After Surgical or Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury</atitle><jtitle>ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE</jtitle><date>2021-08-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>23259671211021592</spage><epage>23259671211021592</epage><pages>23259671211021592-23259671211021592</pages><issn>2325-9671</issn><eissn>2325-9671</eissn><abstract>Background:
Knowledge to inform the identification of individuals with a poor long-term prognosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is limited. Identifying prognostic factors for long-term outcomes after ACL injury may inform targeted interventions to improve outcomes for those with a poor long-term prognosis.
Purpose:
To determine whether ACL treatment (early augmented or nonaugmented ACL repair plus rehabilitation, rehabilitation alone, or rehabilitation plus delayed ACL reconstruction [ACLR]) and 4-year measures (quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop, knee laxity, flexion and extension deficit, self-reported knee function, activity level) are prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes at 32 to 37 years after acute ACL injury.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
A total of 251 patients aged 15 to 40 years with acute ACL rupture between 1980 and 1985 were allocated to early ACL repair (augmented or nonaugmented) plus rehabilitation or to rehabilitation alone, based on birth year. One hundred ninety of 234 completed 32- to 37-year follow-up questionnaires (response rate, 81%); 18 people were excluded, resulting in 172 patients available for analysis (mean age, 59 ± 6 years; 28% female). Potential prognostic factors assessed 4 years after ACL injury were ACL treatment (early ACL repair, rehabilitation alone, or delayed ACLR), isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength, single-leg hop performance, knee flexion and extension deficit, knee laxity, Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm score. Outcomes included Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life (ACL-QOL) measure. Linear regression adjusted for age, sex, baseline meniscal injury, and contralateral ACL injury was used to assess potential prognostic factors for 32- to 37-year outcomes. Multiple imputation accounted for missing data.
Results:
A fair/poor Lysholm score (vs excellent/good) at 4 years was a prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain (adjusted regression coefficient, −12 [95% confidence interval (CI), −19 to −4]), KOOS Symptoms (−15 [95% CI, −23 to −7]), KOOS Sport and Recreation (−19 [95% CI, −31 to −8]), and ACL QOL (−9 [95% CI, −18 to −1]) scores. A 4-year single-leg hop limb symmetry index <90% was a prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain (adjusted regression coefficient, −9 [95% CI, −17 to −1]) and ACL QOL (−13 [95% CI, −22 to −3]) scores at long-term follow-up. A lower activity level, delayed ACLR, and increased knee laxity were prognostic factors in the crude analysis. Rehabilitation alone versus early repair, quadriceps and hamstring strength, and flexion and extension deficit were not related to 32- to 37-year outcomes.
Conclusion:
Reduced self-reported knee function and single-leg hop performance 4 years after ACL injury were prognostic factors for worse 32- to 37-year outcomes. Estimates exceeded clinically important thresholds, highlighting the importance of assessing these constructs when managing individuals with ACL injuries.
Registration:
NCT03182647 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>34395684</pmid><doi>10.1177/23259671211021592</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 2021-08, Vol.9 (8), p.23259671211021592-23259671211021592 |
| issn | 2325-9671 2325-9671 |
| language | eng |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; SWEPUB Freely available online |
| subjects | Joint and ligament injuries Knee Medical prognosis Orthopedics Rehabilitation Sports injuries Sports medicine |
| title | Prognostic Factors for Patient-Reported Outcomes at 32 to 37 Years After Surgical or Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury |
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