Alcohol consumption in relation to cardiovascular diseases and mortality: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies

The causal effects of alcohol-in-moderation on cardiometabolic health are continuously debated. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an established method to address causal questions in observational studies. We performed a systematic review of the current evidence from MR studies on the association betw...

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Veröffentlicht in:European journal of epidemiology 2022-07, Vol.37 (7), p.655-669
Hauptverfasser: van de Luitgaarden, Inge A. T., van Oort, Sabine, Bouman, Emma J., Schoonmade, Linda J., Schrieks, Ilse C., Grobbee, Diederick E., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Larsson, Susanna C., Burgess, Stephen, van Ballegooijen, Adriana J., Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Beulens, Joline W. J.
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container_end_page 669
container_issue 7
container_start_page 655
container_title European journal of epidemiology
container_volume 37
creator van de Luitgaarden, Inge A. T.
van Oort, Sabine
Bouman, Emma J.
Schoonmade, Linda J.
Schrieks, Ilse C.
Grobbee, Diederick E.
van der Schouw, Yvonne T.
Larsson, Susanna C.
Burgess, Stephen
van Ballegooijen, Adriana J.
Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte
Beulens, Joline W. J.
description The causal effects of alcohol-in-moderation on cardiometabolic health are continuously debated. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an established method to address causal questions in observational studies. We performed a systematic review of the current evidence from MR studies on the association between alcohol consumption and cardiometabolic diseases, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risk factors. We performed a systematic search of the literature, including search terms on type of design and exposure. We assessed methodological quality based on key elements of the MR design: use of a full instrumental variable analysis and validation of the three key MR assumptions. We additionally looked at exploration of non-linearity. We reported the direction of the studied associations. Our search yielded 24 studies that were eligible for inclusion. A full instrumental variable analysis was performed in 17 studies (71%) and 13 out of 24 studies (54%) validated all three key assumptions. Five studies (21%) assessed potential non-linearity. In general, null associations were reported for genetically predicted alcohol consumption with the primary outcomes cardiovascular disease (67%) and diabetes (75%), while the only study on all-cause mortality reported a detrimental association. Considering the heterogeneity in methodological quality of the included MR studies, it is not yet possible to draw conclusions on the causal role of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiometabolic health. As MR is a rapidly evolving field, we expect that future MR studies, especially with recent developments regarding instrument selection and non-linearity methodology, will further substantiate this discussion.
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T. ; van Oort, Sabine ; Bouman, Emma J. ; Schoonmade, Linda J. ; Schrieks, Ilse C. ; Grobbee, Diederick E. ; van der Schouw, Yvonne T. ; Larsson, Susanna C. ; Burgess, Stephen ; van Ballegooijen, Adriana J. ; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte ; Beulens, Joline W. J.</creator><creatorcontrib>van de Luitgaarden, Inge A. T. ; van Oort, Sabine ; Bouman, Emma J. ; Schoonmade, Linda J. ; Schrieks, Ilse C. ; Grobbee, Diederick E. ; van der Schouw, Yvonne T. ; Larsson, Susanna C. ; Burgess, Stephen ; van Ballegooijen, Adriana J. ; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte ; Beulens, Joline W. J.</creatorcontrib><description>The causal effects of alcohol-in-moderation on cardiometabolic health are continuously debated. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an established method to address causal questions in observational studies. 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source MEDLINE; SWEPUB Freely available online; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings
subjects Alcohol
Alcohol consumption
Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects
Alcohol use
Alcohols
Cardiology
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular risk factors
Causality
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Epidemiology
Genome-Wide Association Study
Health risks
Heterogeneity
Humans
Infectious Diseases
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mendelian randomization
Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Mortality
Nonlinearity
Observational studies
Oncology
Public Health
Quality assessment
Randomization
Research Design
Review
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Searching
Systematic review
title Alcohol consumption in relation to cardiovascular diseases and mortality: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies
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