Naturally occurring dipeptide from elite controllers with dual anti-HIV-1 mechanism

•WG-am is a naturally occurring dipeptide from elite controllers with anti-HIV activity.•WG-am is a new antiviral compound with two independent mechanisms of action against HIV.•WG-am binds to gp120 CD4 binding pocket and blocks the binding between HIV-1 and the host cell.•WG-am also exerts a post-e...

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Veröffentlicht in:	International journal of antimicrobial agents 2023-05, Vol.61 (5), p.106792-106792, Article 106792
Hauptverfasser:	Ceña-Diez, Rafael, Narayanan, Aswathy, Ray, Shilpa, van de Klundert, Maarten, Rodriguez, Jimmy E, Nilvebrant, Johan, Nygren, Per-Åke, Végvári, Ákos, van Domselaar, Robert, Sönnerborg, Anders
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Antiviral Antiviral Agents Dipeptides Dual mechanism Elite Controllers Entry HIV HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV-1 Humans Medicin och hälsovetenskap Proteomics Retrotranscription Therapy Virus Replication
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container_title	International journal of antimicrobial agents
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creator	Ceña-Diez, Rafael Narayanan, Aswathy Ray, Shilpa van de Klundert, Maarten Rodriguez, Jimmy E Nilvebrant, Johan Nygren, Per-Åke Végvári, Ákos van Domselaar, Robert Sönnerborg, Anders
description	•WG-am is a naturally occurring dipeptide from elite controllers with anti-HIV activity.•WG-am is a new antiviral compound with two independent mechanisms of action against HIV.•WG-am binds to gp120 CD4 binding pocket and blocks the binding between HIV-1 and the host cell.•WG-am also exerts a post-entry but pre-integration antiviral effect related to RT-activity. Enhanced levels of a dipeptide, WG-am, have been reported among elite controllers – patients who spontaneously control their HIV-1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanism of action of WG-am. Drug sensitivity assays in TZM.bl cells, PBMCs and ACH-2 cells using WT and mutated HIV-1 strainswere performed to evaluate the antiviral mechanism of WG-am. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and Real-time PCR analysis of reverse transcription steps were performed to unravel the second anti-HIV-1 mechanism of WG-am. The data suggest that WG-am binds to the CD4 binding pocket of HIV-1 gp120 and blocks its binding to the host cell receptors. Additionally, the time course assay showed that WG-am also inhibited HIV-1 at 4–6 hours post-infection, suggesting a second antiviral mechanism. Drug sensitivity assays under acidic wash conditions confirmed the ability of WG-am to internalise into the host cell in an HIV independent manner. Proteomic studies showed a clustering of all samples treated with WG-am independent of the number of doses or presence or absence of HIV-1. Differentially expressed proteins due to the WG-am treatment indicated an effect on HIV-1 reverse transcription, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Naturally occurring in HIV-1 elite controllers, WG-am stands out as a new kind of antiviral compound with two independent inhibitory mechanisms of action on HIV-1 replication. WG-am halts HIV-1 entry to the host cell by binding to HIV-1 gp120, thereby blocking the binding of HIV-1 to the host cell. WG-am also exerts a post-entry but pre-integration antiviral effect related to RT-activity.
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106792
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Enhanced levels of a dipeptide, WG-am, have been reported among elite controllers – patients who spontaneously control their HIV-1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanism of action of WG-am. Drug sensitivity assays in TZM.bl cells, PBMCs and ACH-2 cells using WT and mutated HIV-1 strainswere performed to evaluate the antiviral mechanism of WG-am. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and Real-time PCR analysis of reverse transcription steps were performed to unravel the second anti-HIV-1 mechanism of WG-am. The data suggest that WG-am binds to the CD4 binding pocket of HIV-1 gp120 and blocks its binding to the host cell receptors. Additionally, the time course assay showed that WG-am also inhibited HIV-1 at 4–6 hours post-infection, suggesting a second antiviral mechanism. Drug sensitivity assays under acidic wash conditions confirmed the ability of WG-am to internalise into the host cell in an HIV independent manner. Proteomic studies showed a clustering of all samples treated with WG-am independent of the number of doses or presence or absence of HIV-1. Differentially expressed proteins due to the WG-am treatment indicated an effect on HIV-1 reverse transcription, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Naturally occurring in HIV-1 elite controllers, WG-am stands out as a new kind of antiviral compound with two independent inhibitory mechanisms of action on HIV-1 replication. WG-am halts HIV-1 entry to the host cell by binding to HIV-1 gp120, thereby blocking the binding of HIV-1 to the host cell. 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Enhanced levels of a dipeptide, WG-am, have been reported among elite controllers – patients who spontaneously control their HIV-1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanism of action of WG-am. Drug sensitivity assays in TZM.bl cells, PBMCs and ACH-2 cells using WT and mutated HIV-1 strainswere performed to evaluate the antiviral mechanism of WG-am. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and Real-time PCR analysis of reverse transcription steps were performed to unravel the second anti-HIV-1 mechanism of WG-am. The data suggest that WG-am binds to the CD4 binding pocket of HIV-1 gp120 and blocks its binding to the host cell receptors. Additionally, the time course assay showed that WG-am also inhibited HIV-1 at 4–6 hours post-infection, suggesting a second antiviral mechanism. Drug sensitivity assays under acidic wash conditions confirmed the ability of WG-am to internalise into the host cell in an HIV independent manner. 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Proteomic studies showed a clustering of all samples treated with WG-am independent of the number of doses or presence or absence of HIV-1. Differentially expressed proteins due to the WG-am treatment indicated an effect on HIV-1 reverse transcription, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Naturally occurring in HIV-1 elite controllers, WG-am stands out as a new kind of antiviral compound with two independent inhibitory mechanisms of action on HIV-1 replication. WG-am halts HIV-1 entry to the host cell by binding to HIV-1 gp120, thereby blocking the binding of HIV-1 to the host cell. 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subjects	Antiviral Antiviral Agents Dipeptides Dual mechanism Elite Controllers Entry HIV HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV-1 Humans Medicin och hälsovetenskap Proteomics Retrotranscription Therapy Virus Replication
title	Naturally occurring dipeptide from elite controllers with dual anti-HIV-1 mechanism
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