Large herbivore migration plasticity along environmental gradients in Europe: life‐history traits modulate forage effects

The most common framework under which ungulate migration is studied predicts that it is driven by spatio–temporal variation in plant phenology, yet other hypotheses may explain differences within and between species. To disentangle more complex patterns than those based on single species/ single pop...

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Veröffentlicht in:Oikos 2019-03, Vol.128 (3), p.416-429
Hauptverfasser: Peters, Wibke, Hebblewhite, Mark, Mysterud, Atle, Eacker, Daniel, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Linnell, John D. C., Focardi, Stefano, Urbano, Ferdinando, De Groeve, Johannes, Gehr, Benedikt, Heurich, Marco, Jarnemo, Anders, Kjellander, Petter, Kröschel, Max, Morellet, Nicolas, Pedrotti, Luca, Reinecke, Horst, Sandfort, Robin, Sönnichsen, Leif, Sunde, Peter, Cagnacci, Francesca
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container_issue 3
container_start_page 416
container_title Oikos
container_volume 128
creator Peters, Wibke
Hebblewhite, Mark
Mysterud, Atle
Eacker, Daniel
Hewison, A. J. Mark
Linnell, John D. C.
Focardi, Stefano
Urbano, Ferdinando
De Groeve, Johannes
Gehr, Benedikt
Heurich, Marco
Jarnemo, Anders
Kjellander, Petter
Kröschel, Max
Morellet, Nicolas
Pedrotti, Luca
Reinecke, Horst
Sandfort, Robin
Sönnichsen, Leif
Sunde, Peter
Cagnacci, Francesca
description The most common framework under which ungulate migration is studied predicts that it is driven by spatio–temporal variation in plant phenology, yet other hypotheses may explain differences within and between species. To disentangle more complex patterns than those based on single species/ single populations, we quantified migration variability using two sympatric ungulate species differing in their foraging strategy, mating system and physiological constraints due to body size. We related observed variation to a set of hypotheses. We used GPS‐collar data from 537 individuals in 10 roe Capreolus capreolus and 12 red deer Cervus elaphus populations spanning environmental gradients across Europe to assess variation in migration propensity, distance and timing. Using time‐to‐event models, we explored how the probability of migration varied in relation to sex, landscape (e.g. topography, forest cover) and temporally‐varying environmental factors (e.g. plant green‐up, snow cover). Migration propensity varied across study areas. Red deer were, on average, three times more migratory than roe deer (56% versus 18%). This relationship was mainly driven by red deer males which were twice as migratory as females (82% versus 38%). The probability of roe deer migration was similar between sexes. Roe deer (both sexes) migrated earliest in spring. While territorial male roe deer migrated last in autumn, male and female red deer migrated around the same time in autumn, likely due to their polygynous mating system. Plant productivity determined the onset of spring migration in both species, but if plant productivity on winter ranges was sufficiently high, roe deer were less likely to leave. In autumn, migration coincided with reduced plant productivity for both species. This relationship was stronger for red deer. Our results confirm that ungulate migration is influenced by plant phenology, but in a novel way, that these effects appear to be modulated by species‐specific traits, especially mating strategies.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/oik.05588
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J. Mark ; Linnell, John D. C. ; Focardi, Stefano ; Urbano, Ferdinando ; De Groeve, Johannes ; Gehr, Benedikt ; Heurich, Marco ; Jarnemo, Anders ; Kjellander, Petter ; Kröschel, Max ; Morellet, Nicolas ; Pedrotti, Luca ; Reinecke, Horst ; Sandfort, Robin ; Sönnichsen, Leif ; Sunde, Peter ; Cagnacci, Francesca</creator><creatorcontrib>Peters, Wibke ; Hebblewhite, Mark ; Mysterud, Atle ; Eacker, Daniel ; Hewison, A. J. Mark ; Linnell, John D. C. ; Focardi, Stefano ; Urbano, Ferdinando ; De Groeve, Johannes ; Gehr, Benedikt ; Heurich, Marco ; Jarnemo, Anders ; Kjellander, Petter ; Kröschel, Max ; Morellet, Nicolas ; Pedrotti, Luca ; Reinecke, Horst ; Sandfort, Robin ; Sönnichsen, Leif ; Sunde, Peter ; Cagnacci, Francesca ; Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</creatorcontrib><description>The most common framework under which ungulate migration is studied predicts that it is driven by spatio–temporal variation in plant phenology, yet other hypotheses may explain differences within and between species. To disentangle more complex patterns than those based on single species/ single populations, we quantified migration variability using two sympatric ungulate species differing in their foraging strategy, mating system and physiological constraints due to body size. We related observed variation to a set of hypotheses. 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C. ; Focardi, Stefano ; Urbano, Ferdinando ; De Groeve, Johannes ; Gehr, Benedikt ; Heurich, Marco ; Jarnemo, Anders ; Kjellander, Petter ; Kröschel, Max ; Morellet, Nicolas ; Pedrotti, Luca ; Reinecke, Horst ; Sandfort, Robin ; Sönnichsen, Leif ; Sunde, Peter ; Cagnacci, Francesca</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5066-86b092ce069523c54c8b12947b557d53108178389867be5c2464613ef85497333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animal migration</topic><topic>Autumn</topic><topic>behavioral plasticity</topic><topic>Biodiversity and Ecology</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Cervus elaphus</topic><topic>Deer</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ekologi</topic><topic>Environmental factors</topic><topic>Environmental gradient</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>forage maturation hypothesis</topic><topic>Foraging</topic><topic>Foraging behavior</topic><topic>Frameworks</topic><topic>Gradients</topic><topic>Herbivores</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Landscape</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Mating</topic><topic>Migrations</topic><topic>Migratory species</topic><topic>partial migration</topic><topic>Phenology</topic><topic>Populations</topic><topic>Probability theory</topic><topic>Productivity</topic><topic>Reproductive behaviour</topic><topic>Snow cover</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Spring</topic><topic>Spring (season)</topic><topic>Sympatric populations</topic><topic>Temporal variations</topic><topic>Topography (geology)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Peters, Wibke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hebblewhite, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mysterud, Atle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eacker, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hewison, A. 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source Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Free Content; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals
subjects Animal behavior
Animal migration
Autumn
behavioral plasticity
Biodiversity and Ecology
Body size
Cervus elaphus
Deer
Ecology
Ekologi
Environmental factors
Environmental gradient
Environmental Sciences
Females
forage maturation hypothesis
Foraging
Foraging behavior
Frameworks
Gradients
Herbivores
Hypotheses
Landscape
Males
Mating
Migrations
Migratory species
partial migration
Phenology
Populations
Probability theory
Productivity
Reproductive behaviour
Snow cover
Species
Spring
Spring (season)
Sympatric populations
Temporal variations
Topography (geology)
title Large herbivore migration plasticity along environmental gradients in Europe: life‐history traits modulate forage effects
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