Soft Tissue Artifact in Canine Kinematic Gait Analysis
Objective To investigate, noninvasively, the soft tissue artifact (STA) in canine kinematic gait analysis. Study Design Experimental study. Animals Labrador retrievers (n = 4). Methods Kinematic study: Reflective markers were glued to the skin over bony landmarks, with the distance between 2 markers...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary surgery 2012-10, Vol.41 (7), p.829-837 |
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| creator | Schwencke, Monique Smolders, Luc A. Bergknut, Niklas Gustås, Pia Meij, Bjorn P. Hazewinkel, Herman A. |
| description | Objective
To investigate, noninvasively, the soft tissue artifact (STA) in canine kinematic gait analysis.
Study Design
Experimental study.
Animals
Labrador retrievers (n = 4).
Methods
Kinematic study: Reflective markers were glued to the skin over bony landmarks, with the distance between 2 markers representing the length of the underlying scapula, humerus, ulna, femur, and crus. The distance between these markers (marker distance [MD]) was measured with infrared cameras while the dogs stood still or walked on a treadmill. Fluoroscopy study: Radiopaque markers were glued on the skin over the spinous process of the L6 vertebra and the stifle to allow fluoroscopic observation of the markers and underlying skeletal segments while the dogs walked on the treadmill. The position of the markers was compared with the position of the underlying skeletal segments during different phases of the step cycle.
Results
Kinematic study: Significant differences were found between MD during standing and walking for all bones investigated. Mean percentage differences in MD ranged from –18% to +6%. Fluoroscopy study: Significant displacements relative to the bony landmarks were found ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 cm.
Conclusions
Analysis of the motion of skeletal structures with the use of markers attached to the skin showed that the skin moves relative to underlying skeletal structures. When working with a 3‐D motion‐capture system using skin markers, researchers should be aware that the STA could significantly influence their results. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01021.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_slubar_slu_se_44395</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1113982381</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5391-148f0cfafe155876fadb667d5b20dc7723dc7a41a4214815cbdca443e6ed7b093</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU1v2zAMhoVhxZJm_QuFgV12sacPy7IOOwTBmhZt1wJJ1twIWZYBpY6dSTaa_PvKTZcBO00HUoCel6ReIhQRnJBwvm0SwhmNJcfrhGJCE0wwJcn-AxqfHj6iMSYZiVkq5Qide7_BGMs0ZZ_QiDIseMryMcoWbdVFS-t9b6Kp62yldBfZJpqpxjYmug1hqzqro7myXTRtVH3w1n9GZ5Wqvbl4zxO0uvqxnF3Hdw_zm9n0LtacSRKTNK-wrlRlCOe5yCpVFlkmSl5QXGohKAtRpUSlNKCE66LUKoxoMlOKAks2QfGxrn8xu76AnbNb5Q7QKgu-7gvlhgTeQFBJHvivR37n2t-98R1srdemrlVj2t5DMI_JnLKcBPTLP-im7V343xtFUymoGKj8SGnXeu9MdRqB4IEjsIHBchgsh2EX8LYL2Afp5XuDvtia8iT8Y34Avh-BF1ubw38Xhl-L1XD7a471ndmf9Mo9QyaY4PD0cw78_nG2vpLXwNkrqIulow</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1112497271</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Soft Tissue Artifact in Canine Kinematic Gait Analysis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library</source><creator>Schwencke, Monique ; Smolders, Luc A. ; Bergknut, Niklas ; Gustås, Pia ; Meij, Bjorn P. ; Hazewinkel, Herman A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Schwencke, Monique ; Smolders, Luc A. ; Bergknut, Niklas ; Gustås, Pia ; Meij, Bjorn P. ; Hazewinkel, Herman A. ; Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To investigate, noninvasively, the soft tissue artifact (STA) in canine kinematic gait analysis.
Study Design
Experimental study.
Animals
Labrador retrievers (n = 4).
Methods
Kinematic study: Reflective markers were glued to the skin over bony landmarks, with the distance between 2 markers representing the length of the underlying scapula, humerus, ulna, femur, and crus. The distance between these markers (marker distance [MD]) was measured with infrared cameras while the dogs stood still or walked on a treadmill. Fluoroscopy study: Radiopaque markers were glued on the skin over the spinous process of the L6 vertebra and the stifle to allow fluoroscopic observation of the markers and underlying skeletal segments while the dogs walked on the treadmill. The position of the markers was compared with the position of the underlying skeletal segments during different phases of the step cycle.
Results
Kinematic study: Significant differences were found between MD during standing and walking for all bones investigated. Mean percentage differences in MD ranged from –18% to +6%. Fluoroscopy study: Significant displacements relative to the bony landmarks were found ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 cm.
Conclusions
Analysis of the motion of skeletal structures with the use of markers attached to the skin showed that the skin moves relative to underlying skeletal structures. When working with a 3‐D motion‐capture system using skin markers, researchers should be aware that the STA could significantly influence their results.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0161-3499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1532-950X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-950X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01021.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23075438</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology ; Clinical Science ; Dogs ; Dogs - physiology ; Female ; Forelimb ; Gait - physiology ; Hindlimb ; Kinematics ; Klinisk vetenskap ; Male ; Motor ability ; Musculoskeletal system ; Radiography - methods ; Radiography - veterinary ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Spine ; Veterinary medicine</subject><ispartof>Veterinary surgery, 2012-10, Vol.41 (7), p.829-837</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2012 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons</rights><rights>Copyright 2012 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.</rights><rights>2012 American College of Veterinary Surgeons</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5391-148f0cfafe155876fadb667d5b20dc7723dc7a41a4214815cbdca443e6ed7b093</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5391-148f0cfafe155876fadb667d5b20dc7723dc7a41a4214815cbdca443e6ed7b093</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1532-950X.2012.01021.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1532-950X.2012.01021.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075438$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://res.slu.se/id/publ/44395$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schwencke, Monique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smolders, Luc A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bergknut, Niklas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gustås, Pia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meij, Bjorn P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazewinkel, Herman A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</creatorcontrib><title>Soft Tissue Artifact in Canine Kinematic Gait Analysis</title><title>Veterinary surgery</title><addtitle>Veterinary Surgery</addtitle><description>Objective
To investigate, noninvasively, the soft tissue artifact (STA) in canine kinematic gait analysis.
Study Design
Experimental study.
Animals
Labrador retrievers (n = 4).
Methods
Kinematic study: Reflective markers were glued to the skin over bony landmarks, with the distance between 2 markers representing the length of the underlying scapula, humerus, ulna, femur, and crus. The distance between these markers (marker distance [MD]) was measured with infrared cameras while the dogs stood still or walked on a treadmill. Fluoroscopy study: Radiopaque markers were glued on the skin over the spinous process of the L6 vertebra and the stifle to allow fluoroscopic observation of the markers and underlying skeletal segments while the dogs walked on the treadmill. The position of the markers was compared with the position of the underlying skeletal segments during different phases of the step cycle.
Results
Kinematic study: Significant differences were found between MD during standing and walking for all bones investigated. Mean percentage differences in MD ranged from –18% to +6%. Fluoroscopy study: Significant displacements relative to the bony landmarks were found ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 cm.
Conclusions
Analysis of the motion of skeletal structures with the use of markers attached to the skin showed that the skin moves relative to underlying skeletal structures. When working with a 3‐D motion‐capture system using skin markers, researchers should be aware that the STA could significantly influence their results.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology</subject><subject>Clinical Science</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Dogs - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forelimb</subject><subject>Gait - physiology</subject><subject>Hindlimb</subject><subject>Kinematics</subject><subject>Klinisk vetenskap</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motor ability</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>Radiography - methods</subject><subject>Radiography - veterinary</subject><subject>Skin Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Spine</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><issn>0161-3499</issn><issn>1532-950X</issn><issn>1532-950X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1v2zAMhoVhxZJm_QuFgV12sacPy7IOOwTBmhZt1wJJ1twIWZYBpY6dSTaa_PvKTZcBO00HUoCel6ReIhQRnJBwvm0SwhmNJcfrhGJCE0wwJcn-AxqfHj6iMSYZiVkq5Qide7_BGMs0ZZ_QiDIseMryMcoWbdVFS-t9b6Kp62yldBfZJpqpxjYmug1hqzqro7myXTRtVH3w1n9GZ5Wqvbl4zxO0uvqxnF3Hdw_zm9n0LtacSRKTNK-wrlRlCOe5yCpVFlkmSl5QXGohKAtRpUSlNKCE66LUKoxoMlOKAks2QfGxrn8xu76AnbNb5Q7QKgu-7gvlhgTeQFBJHvivR37n2t-98R1srdemrlVj2t5DMI_JnLKcBPTLP-im7V343xtFUymoGKj8SGnXeu9MdRqB4IEjsIHBchgsh2EX8LYL2Afp5XuDvtia8iT8Y34Avh-BF1ubw38Xhl-L1XD7a471ndmf9Mo9QyaY4PD0cw78_nG2vpLXwNkrqIulow</recordid><startdate>201210</startdate><enddate>201210</enddate><creator>Schwencke, Monique</creator><creator>Smolders, Luc A.</creator><creator>Bergknut, Niklas</creator><creator>Gustås, Pia</creator><creator>Meij, Bjorn P.</creator><creator>Hazewinkel, Herman A.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7Z</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201210</creationdate><title>Soft Tissue Artifact in Canine Kinematic Gait Analysis</title><author>Schwencke, Monique ; Smolders, Luc A. ; Bergknut, Niklas ; Gustås, Pia ; Meij, Bjorn P. ; Hazewinkel, Herman A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5391-148f0cfafe155876fadb667d5b20dc7723dc7a41a4214815cbdca443e6ed7b093</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology</topic><topic>Clinical Science</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Dogs - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forelimb</topic><topic>Gait - physiology</topic><topic>Hindlimb</topic><topic>Kinematics</topic><topic>Klinisk vetenskap</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motor ability</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal system</topic><topic>Radiography - methods</topic><topic>Radiography - veterinary</topic><topic>Skin Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Spine</topic><topic>Veterinary medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schwencke, Monique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smolders, Luc A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bergknut, Niklas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gustås, Pia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meij, Bjorn P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazewinkel, Herman A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biochemistry Abstracts 1</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><jtitle>Veterinary surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schwencke, Monique</au><au>Smolders, Luc A.</au><au>Bergknut, Niklas</au><au>Gustås, Pia</au><au>Meij, Bjorn P.</au><au>Hazewinkel, Herman A.</au><aucorp>Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Soft Tissue Artifact in Canine Kinematic Gait Analysis</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary surgery</jtitle><addtitle>Veterinary Surgery</addtitle><date>2012-10</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>829</spage><epage>837</epage><pages>829-837</pages><issn>0161-3499</issn><issn>1532-950X</issn><eissn>1532-950X</eissn><abstract>Objective
To investigate, noninvasively, the soft tissue artifact (STA) in canine kinematic gait analysis.
Study Design
Experimental study.
Animals
Labrador retrievers (n = 4).
Methods
Kinematic study: Reflective markers were glued to the skin over bony landmarks, with the distance between 2 markers representing the length of the underlying scapula, humerus, ulna, femur, and crus. The distance between these markers (marker distance [MD]) was measured with infrared cameras while the dogs stood still or walked on a treadmill. Fluoroscopy study: Radiopaque markers were glued on the skin over the spinous process of the L6 vertebra and the stifle to allow fluoroscopic observation of the markers and underlying skeletal segments while the dogs walked on the treadmill. The position of the markers was compared with the position of the underlying skeletal segments during different phases of the step cycle.
Results
Kinematic study: Significant differences were found between MD during standing and walking for all bones investigated. Mean percentage differences in MD ranged from –18% to +6%. Fluoroscopy study: Significant displacements relative to the bony landmarks were found ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 cm.
Conclusions
Analysis of the motion of skeletal structures with the use of markers attached to the skin showed that the skin moves relative to underlying skeletal structures. When working with a 3‐D motion‐capture system using skin markers, researchers should be aware that the STA could significantly influence their results.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23075438</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1532-950X.2012.01021.x</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Veterinary surgery, 2012-10, Vol.41 (7), p.829-837 |
| issn | 0161-3499 1532-950X 1532-950X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_swepub_primary_oai_slubar_slu_se_44395 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library |
| subjects | Animals Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology Clinical Science Dogs Dogs - physiology Female Forelimb Gait - physiology Hindlimb Kinematics Klinisk vetenskap Male Motor ability Musculoskeletal system Radiography - methods Radiography - veterinary Skin Physiological Phenomena Spine Veterinary medicine |
| title | Soft Tissue Artifact in Canine Kinematic Gait Analysis |
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