Examining the Environmental Impacts of the Dairy and Baby Food Industries: Are First-Food Systems a Crucial Missing Part of the Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems Agenda Now Underway?
Food systems are increasingly being understood as driving various health and ecological crises and their transformation is recognised as a key opportunity for planetary health. First-food systems represent an underexplored aspect of this transformation. Despite breastfeeding representing the optimal...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-12, Vol.18 (23), p.12678 |
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| creator | Pope, Daniel H Karlsson, Johan O Baker, Phillip McCoy, David |
| description | Food systems are increasingly being understood as driving various health and ecological crises and their transformation is recognised as a key opportunity for planetary health. First-food systems represent an underexplored aspect of this transformation. Despite breastfeeding representing the optimal source of infant nutrition, use of commercial milk formula (CMF) is high and growing rapidly. In this review, we examine the impact of CMF use on planetary health, considering in particular its effects on climate change, water use and pollution and the consequences of these effects for human health. Milk is the main ingredient in the production of CMF, making the role of the dairy sector a key area of attention. We find that CMF use has twice the carbon footprint of breastfeeding, while 1 kg of CMF has a blue water footprint of 699 L; CMF has a significant and harmful environmental impact. Facilitation and protection of breastfeeding represents a key part of developing sustainable first-food systems and has huge potential benefits for maternal and child health. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph182312678 |
| format | Article |
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Facilitation and protection of breastfeeding represents a key part of developing sustainable first-food systems and has huge potential benefits for maternal and child health.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Baby foods</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Breast Feeding</subject><subject>Breast milk</subject><subject>Carbon Footprint</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate effects</subject><subject>Climate Research</subject><subject>Dairy industry</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi</subject><subject>Food Industry</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Food security</subject><subject>Footprint analysis</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>Greenhouse 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First-food systems represent an underexplored aspect of this transformation. Despite breastfeeding representing the optimal source of infant nutrition, use of commercial milk formula (CMF) is high and growing rapidly. In this review, we examine the impact of CMF use on planetary health, considering in particular its effects on climate change, water use and pollution and the consequences of these effects for human health. Milk is the main ingredient in the production of CMF, making the role of the dairy sector a key area of attention. We find that CMF use has twice the carbon footprint of breastfeeding, while 1 kg of CMF has a blue water footprint of 699 L; CMF has a significant and harmful environmental impact. 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| subjects | Animals Babies Baby foods Biodiversity Breast Feeding Breast milk Carbon Footprint Child Children & youth Climate change Climate effects Climate Research Dairy industry Emissions Environmental health Environmental impact Female Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi Food Industry Food Science Food security Footprint analysis Global warming Greenhouse gases Health care Human nutrition Humans Infant Infant Food Infant nutrition Infectious diseases Klimatforskning Livsmedelsvetenskap Milk Nutrition Outdoor air quality Ovarian cancer Public health Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Review Sustainable development Sustainable food system Water consumption Water pollution Water use |
| title | Examining the Environmental Impacts of the Dairy and Baby Food Industries: Are First-Food Systems a Crucial Missing Part of the Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems Agenda Now Underway? |
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