Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia

Changes in pollution pressure exerted on the Rocha River in Bolivia from diffuse sources were assessed using potential non-point pollution indexes (PNPI) for 1997 and 2017. PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level...

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Veröffentlicht in:Water (Basel) 2021-02, Vol.13 (4), p.410
Hauptverfasser: Gossweiler, Benjamin, Wesström, Ingrid, Messing, Ingmar, Villazón, Mauricio, Joel, Abraham
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creator Gossweiler, Benjamin
Wesström, Ingrid
Messing, Ingmar
Villazón, Mauricio
Joel, Abraham
description Changes in pollution pressure exerted on the Rocha River in Bolivia from diffuse sources were assessed using potential non-point pollution indexes (PNPI) for 1997 and 2017. PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. PNPI values were positively correlated with measured nitrate and phosphate concentrations at six sub-catchment outlets. The correlation was statistical significant for phosphate in 2017. Maps were produced to identify priority source areas that are more likely to generate pollution, which is important information for future management.
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PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. PNPI values were positively correlated with measured nitrate and phosphate concentrations at six sub-catchment outlets. The correlation was statistical significant for phosphate in 2017. 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PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. 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source SWEPUB Freely available online; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals
subjects Aquifers
Bolivia
Catchments
Correlation analysis
Creeks & streams
Environmental aspects
Environmental monitoring
Environmental Sciences
Geographic information systems
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Human settlements
Image classification
Indicators
Information management
Land pollution
Land settlement
Land use
Landsat
Loam soils
Markvetenskap
Methods
Miljövetenskap
Multidisciplinär geovetenskap
Multiple criterion
Non-point source pollution
Nonpoint source pollution
Outlets
Point source pollution
Pollutants
Pollution
Pollution index
Pollution sources
Population density
Precipitation
Rain
Remote sensing
River networks
Rivers
Runoff
Runoff coefficient
Satellite imagery
Sewer systems
Soil erosion
Soil Science
Statistical analysis
Surface water
Topography
Urbanization
Valleys
Water quality
Weighting
title Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia
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