Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia
Changes in pollution pressure exerted on the Rocha River in Bolivia from diffuse sources were assessed using potential non-point pollution indexes (PNPI) for 1997 and 2017. PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level...
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description | Changes in pollution pressure exerted on the Rocha River in Bolivia from diffuse sources were assessed using potential non-point pollution indexes (PNPI) for 1997 and 2017. PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. PNPI values were positively correlated with measured nitrate and phosphate concentrations at six sub-catchment outlets. The correlation was statistical significant for phosphate in 2017. Maps were produced to identify priority source areas that are more likely to generate pollution, which is important information for future management. |
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PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. PNPI values were positively correlated with measured nitrate and phosphate concentrations at six sub-catchment outlets. The correlation was statistical significant for phosphate in 2017. Maps were produced to identify priority source areas that are more likely to generate pollution, which is important information for future management.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w13040410</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aquifers ; Bolivia ; Catchments ; Correlation analysis ; Creeks & streams ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental Sciences ; Geographic information systems ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Human settlements ; Image classification ; Indicators ; Information management ; Land pollution ; Land settlement ; Land use ; Landsat ; Loam soils ; Markvetenskap ; Methods ; Miljövetenskap ; Multidisciplinär geovetenskap ; Multiple criterion ; Non-point source pollution ; Nonpoint source pollution ; Outlets ; Point source pollution ; Pollutants ; Pollution ; Pollution index ; Pollution sources ; Population density ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Remote sensing ; River networks ; Rivers ; Runoff ; Runoff coefficient ; Satellite imagery ; Sewer systems ; Soil erosion ; Soil Science ; Statistical analysis ; Surface water ; Topography ; Urbanization ; Valleys ; Water quality ; Weighting</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2021-02, Vol.13 (4), p.410</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-b11a1943bebf47ec9c0336be303363f88b23ee9b7fff4d82a7d502f6ea18d9f03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-b11a1943bebf47ec9c0336be303363f88b23ee9b7fff4d82a7d502f6ea18d9f03</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1722-740X ; 0000-0002-9816-469X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,552,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://res.slu.se/id/publ/111127$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gossweiler, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wesström, Ingrid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messing, Ingmar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villazón, Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joel, Abraham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia</title><title>Water (Basel)</title><description>Changes in pollution pressure exerted on the Rocha River in Bolivia from diffuse sources were assessed using potential non-point pollution indexes (PNPI) for 1997 and 2017. PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. PNPI values were positively correlated with measured nitrate and phosphate concentrations at six sub-catchment outlets. The correlation was statistical significant for phosphate in 2017. Maps were produced to identify priority source areas that are more likely to generate pollution, which is important information for future management.</description><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Bolivia</subject><subject>Catchments</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Creeks & streams</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Geographic information systems</subject><subject>Geosciences, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Human settlements</subject><subject>Image classification</subject><subject>Indicators</subject><subject>Information management</subject><subject>Land pollution</subject><subject>Land settlement</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>Landsat</subject><subject>Loam soils</subject><subject>Markvetenskap</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Miljövetenskap</subject><subject>Multidisciplinär geovetenskap</subject><subject>Multiple criterion</subject><subject>Non-point source pollution</subject><subject>Nonpoint source pollution</subject><subject>Outlets</subject><subject>Point source pollution</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Population density</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Remote sensing</subject><subject>River networks</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Runoff coefficient</subject><subject>Satellite imagery</subject><subject>Sewer systems</subject><subject>Soil erosion</subject><subject>Soil Science</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Topography</subject><subject>Urbanization</subject><subject>Valleys</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Weighting</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkcFu2zAMho1hBRqkPfQNBOy0g1PJVGL7mAXbWiDoirU5C5RMtQocyZPsFX37KUjXjTr8AsnvByUWxZXgC4CWX78I4JJLwT8Us4rXUEopxcf_7ufFZUp7nkO2TbPks2K8PQxoRhYs26Lv2C4R2zyjfyIWPLsLvrwPzo_sIUzRELsPfT-NLpecZ8ge6ODKdXQd2-Bong-UOyffUWQ_ccjZXdToXcK_xJfQu98OL4ozi32iyzedF7tvXx83N-X2x_fbzXpbGqj5WGohULQSNGkrazKt4QArTXAUsE2jKyBqdW2tlV1TYd0teWVXhKLpWsthXixOvumFhkmrIboDxlcV0KnUTxrjUVQiJXJUdQY-nYAhhl8TpVHt87t9nlFVsqkB5BLgn-0T9qSct2GMaPLp8neY4Mm6nF83gi8F1KsqA59PgIkhpUj2fRLB1XFz6n1z8AdiqYpR</recordid><startdate>20210201</startdate><enddate>20210201</enddate><creator>Gossweiler, Benjamin</creator><creator>Wesström, Ingrid</creator><creator>Messing, Ingmar</creator><creator>Villazón, Mauricio</creator><creator>Joel, Abraham</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1722-740X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-469X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210201</creationdate><title>Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia</title><author>Gossweiler, Benjamin ; Wesström, Ingrid ; Messing, Ingmar ; Villazón, Mauricio ; Joel, Abraham</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-b11a1943bebf47ec9c0336be303363f88b23ee9b7fff4d82a7d502f6ea18d9f03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Bolivia</topic><topic>Catchments</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Creeks & streams</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Geographic information systems</topic><topic>Geosciences, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Human settlements</topic><topic>Image classification</topic><topic>Indicators</topic><topic>Information management</topic><topic>Land pollution</topic><topic>Land settlement</topic><topic>Land use</topic><topic>Landsat</topic><topic>Loam soils</topic><topic>Markvetenskap</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Miljövetenskap</topic><topic>Multidisciplinär geovetenskap</topic><topic>Multiple criterion</topic><topic>Non-point source pollution</topic><topic>Nonpoint source pollution</topic><topic>Outlets</topic><topic>Point source pollution</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution index</topic><topic>Pollution sources</topic><topic>Population density</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Remote sensing</topic><topic>River networks</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Runoff</topic><topic>Runoff coefficient</topic><topic>Satellite imagery</topic><topic>Sewer systems</topic><topic>Soil erosion</topic><topic>Soil Science</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Topography</topic><topic>Urbanization</topic><topic>Valleys</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Weighting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gossweiler, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wesström, Ingrid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Messing, Ingmar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villazón, Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joel, Abraham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gossweiler, Benjamin</au><au>Wesström, Ingrid</au><au>Messing, Ingmar</au><au>Villazón, Mauricio</au><au>Joel, Abraham</au><aucorp>Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia</atitle><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle><date>2021-02-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>410</spage><pages>410-</pages><issn>2073-4441</issn><eissn>2073-4441</eissn><abstract>Changes in pollution pressure exerted on the Rocha River in Bolivia from diffuse sources were assessed using potential non-point pollution indexes (PNPI) for 1997 and 2017. PNPI is a simple, low-effort, time- and resource-saving method suitable for data-scarce regions, as it works at catchment level with commonly available geographical data. Land use type (obtained by Landsat imagery classification), runoff (determined by runoff coefficient characterisation) and distance to river network (calculated at perpendicular distance) were each transformed into corresponding indicators to determine their relative importance in generating pollution. Weighted sum, a multi-criteria analysis tool in the GIS environment, was used to combine indicators with weighting values. Different weighting values were assigned to each of the indicators resulting in a set of six equations. The results showed that higher PNPI values corresponded to human settlements with high population density, higher runoff values and shorter distance to river network, while lower PNPI values corresponded to semi-natural land use type, lower runoff coefficient and longer distances to river. PNPI values were positively correlated with measured nitrate and phosphate concentrations at six sub-catchment outlets. The correlation was statistical significant for phosphate in 2017. Maps were produced to identify priority source areas that are more likely to generate pollution, which is important information for future management.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/w13040410</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1722-740X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-469X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aquifers Bolivia Catchments Correlation analysis Creeks & streams Environmental aspects Environmental monitoring Environmental Sciences Geographic information systems Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Human settlements Image classification Indicators Information management Land pollution Land settlement Land use Landsat Loam soils Markvetenskap Methods Miljövetenskap Multidisciplinär geovetenskap Multiple criterion Non-point source pollution Nonpoint source pollution Outlets Point source pollution Pollutants Pollution Pollution index Pollution sources Population density Precipitation Rain Remote sensing River networks Rivers Runoff Runoff coefficient Satellite imagery Sewer systems Soil erosion Soil Science Statistical analysis Surface water Topography Urbanization Valleys Water quality Weighting |
title | Impact of Land Use Change on Non-Point Source Pollution in a Semi-Arid Catchment under Rapid Urbanisation in Bolivia |
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