Sex-Related Neuromuscular Adaptations to Youth Obesity: Force, Muscle Mass, and Neural Issues
Young obese are generally stronger than their typically developing counterparts. Strength differences could be partly ascribed to nervous adaptations, due to the loading effect of carrying overweight. We hypothesized that central adaptations of the muscles highly involved in weight bearing, i.e., pl...
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| description | Young obese are generally stronger than their typically developing counterparts. Strength differences could be partly ascribed to nervous adaptations, due to the loading effect of carrying overweight. We hypothesized that central adaptations of the muscles highly involved in weight bearing, i.e., plantar flexors (PF) and knee extensors (KE) could be greater in girls than boys due to their reduced potential for muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, it is possible that neuromuscular adaptations in weight-bearing muscles will be greater compared to the unloaded muscles such as the adductor pollicis (AP).
Twenty-four non-obese and 21 obese (body mass index: 33 ± 4 kg·m−2) adolescent girls and boys (12–15 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the PF and KE muscles. Voluntary activation (VA), assessed with the twitch interpolation technique, the antagonist co-activation (Co-Act) level, and the normalized root-mean-square value (RMS) of the agonist muscles were measured to account for central adaptations.
The results revealed a weight status effect (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/5584_2023_783 |
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Twenty-four non-obese and 21 obese (body mass index: 33 ± 4 kg·m−2) adolescent girls and boys (12–15 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the PF and KE muscles. Voluntary activation (VA), assessed with the twitch interpolation technique, the antagonist co-activation (Co-Act) level, and the normalized root-mean-square value (RMS) of the agonist muscles were measured to account for central adaptations.
The results revealed a weight status effect (p < 0.001) on the absolute MVC torque and VA of both KE and PF muscles. Moreover, these differences were also related to the sex of the participants (p < 0.05) for the PF muscles. While the VA, absolute, and specific MVC torque were greater in obese compared with non-obese girls, no difference was found between boys. A similar Co-Act level was observed between groups, whatever the sex and muscle group considered. Finally, no significant differences were found for the AP regarding peripheral and neural factors.
This study highlighted a favorable effect of obesity on the central mechanisms (i.e., VA) responsible for force production within the lower limb muscles. However, obesity-related central adaptation was only observed in girls for the PF muscles. Thus, the excess of body mass supported by the muscles involved in weight-bearing could act as a chronic training stimulus responsible for these adaptations in obese adolescents but mostly in girls.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0065-2598</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 3031568311</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 9783031568312</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2214-8019</identifier><identifier>EISBN: 9783031568329</identifier><identifier>EISBN: 303156832X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_783</identifier><identifier>OCLC: 1431047994</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37698778</identifier><identifier>LCCallNum: QH573-671</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG</publisher><subject>Adolescence ; Adolescent ; Co-activation level ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction - physiology ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Life Sciences ; Male ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; Muscle Strength - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Obesity ; Skeletal muscle ; Strength ; Voluntary activation</subject><ispartof>Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2024, Vol.1450, p.131-142</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0002-5747-0236 ; 0000-0002-6681-1610</orcidid><relation>Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology</relation></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttps://ebookcentral.proquest.com/covers/31288991-l.jpg</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/5584_2023_783$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/5584_2023_783$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>779,780,784,793,885,27925,38255,41442,42511</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37698778$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-04481566$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Turksen, Kursad</contributor><contributor>Turksen, Kursad</contributor><creatorcontrib>Garcia-Vicencio, Sebastian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chalchat, Emeric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Penailillo, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kluka, Virginie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fourot, Anne-Véronique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coudeyre, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ratel, Sébastien</creatorcontrib><title>Sex-Related Neuromuscular Adaptations to Youth Obesity: Force, Muscle Mass, and Neural Issues</title><title>Advances in experimental medicine and biology</title><addtitle>Adv Exp Med Biol</addtitle><description>Young obese are generally stronger than their typically developing counterparts. Strength differences could be partly ascribed to nervous adaptations, due to the loading effect of carrying overweight. We hypothesized that central adaptations of the muscles highly involved in weight bearing, i.e., plantar flexors (PF) and knee extensors (KE) could be greater in girls than boys due to their reduced potential for muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, it is possible that neuromuscular adaptations in weight-bearing muscles will be greater compared to the unloaded muscles such as the adductor pollicis (AP).
Twenty-four non-obese and 21 obese (body mass index: 33 ± 4 kg·m−2) adolescent girls and boys (12–15 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the PF and KE muscles. Voluntary activation (VA), assessed with the twitch interpolation technique, the antagonist co-activation (Co-Act) level, and the normalized root-mean-square value (RMS) of the agonist muscles were measured to account for central adaptations.
The results revealed a weight status effect (p < 0.001) on the absolute MVC torque and VA of both KE and PF muscles. Moreover, these differences were also related to the sex of the participants (p < 0.05) for the PF muscles. While the VA, absolute, and specific MVC torque were greater in obese compared with non-obese girls, no difference was found between boys. A similar Co-Act level was observed between groups, whatever the sex and muscle group considered. Finally, no significant differences were found for the AP regarding peripheral and neural factors.
This study highlighted a favorable effect of obesity on the central mechanisms (i.e., VA) responsible for force production within the lower limb muscles. However, obesity-related central adaptation was only observed in girls for the PF muscles. Thus, the excess of body mass supported by the muscles involved in weight-bearing could act as a chronic training stimulus responsible for these adaptations in obese adolescents but mostly in girls.</description><subject>Adolescence</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Co-activation level</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Isometric Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Knee</subject><subject>Knee Joint</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle Strength - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Skeletal muscle</subject><subject>Strength</subject><subject>Voluntary activation</subject><issn>0065-2598</issn><issn>2214-8019</issn><isbn>3031568311</isbn><isbn>9783031568312</isbn><isbn>9783031568329</isbn><isbn>303156832X</isbn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>book_chapter</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>book_chapter</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1vEzEQxc1305Ij18rXii7M2F7vmFtUUVoppRIfBw7Imt11SGATh_Uuov99HaWtxI3DaKSZ3zzpvRHiFcIbBKjeliUZr0BpX5F-JKYuN9BYWtLKPRYTpdAUBOieiMP7BeJTMQGwZaFKR8_FIRqNYCrnzIGYpvQTALQCJGdeiANdWUdVRRPx_XP4W3wKHQ-hlR_D2Mf1mJqx417OWt4OPKziJskhym9xHJbyug5pNdy8k-exb8KpvMp0F-QVp3QqebPX4E5epjSG9FI8W3CXwvSuH4mv5--_nF0U8-sPl2ezeVFra3SBRGQ1EeYqDZSNWmiHTNhWwbBVDTAvWJnsB7BtQ7DMu5Ez7GqiRh-Jk73ukju_7Vdr7m985JW_mM39bgbGUM7J_sHMHu_Z7VivQ_uA32eSgdd7IOXV5kfofR3jr-QR_O49_p_3ZLq8k-vj72x58GGHN2Ez5ByaZc4w9Mlr1OgsZQltclX_f6eInMOHu1udT5rj</recordid><startdate>2024</startdate><enddate>2024</enddate><creator>Garcia-Vicencio, Sebastian</creator><creator>Martin, Vincent</creator><creator>Chalchat, Emeric</creator><creator>Penailillo, Luis</creator><creator>Kluka, Virginie</creator><creator>Fourot, Anne-Véronique</creator><creator>Coudeyre, Emmanuel</creator><creator>Ratel, Sébastien</creator><general>Springer International Publishing AG</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature Switzerland</general><scope>FFUUA</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5747-0236</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-1610</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2024</creationdate><title>Sex-Related Neuromuscular Adaptations to Youth Obesity: Force, Muscle Mass, and Neural Issues</title><author>Garcia-Vicencio, Sebastian ; Martin, Vincent ; Chalchat, Emeric ; Penailillo, Luis ; Kluka, Virginie ; Fourot, Anne-Véronique ; Coudeyre, Emmanuel ; Ratel, Sébastien</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b3643-1888638813885405c2f391a81d7e4a62c0aafa2404701ddee6aa0aaf94a9b88c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>book_chapters</rsrctype><prefilter>book_chapters</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adolescence</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Co-activation level</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Isometric Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Knee</topic><topic>Knee Joint</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle Strength - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Skeletal muscle</topic><topic>Strength</topic><topic>Voluntary activation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Garcia-Vicencio, Sebastian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chalchat, Emeric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Penailillo, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kluka, Virginie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fourot, Anne-Véronique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coudeyre, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ratel, Sébastien</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest Ebook Central - Book Chapters - Demo use only</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Garcia-Vicencio, Sebastian</au><au>Martin, Vincent</au><au>Chalchat, Emeric</au><au>Penailillo, Luis</au><au>Kluka, Virginie</au><au>Fourot, Anne-Véronique</au><au>Coudeyre, Emmanuel</au><au>Ratel, Sébastien</au><au>Turksen, Kursad</au><au>Turksen, Kursad</au><format>book</format><genre>bookitem</genre><ristype>CHAP</ristype><atitle>Sex-Related Neuromuscular Adaptations to Youth Obesity: Force, Muscle Mass, and Neural Issues</atitle><btitle>Advances in experimental medicine and biology</btitle><addtitle>Adv Exp Med Biol</addtitle><seriestitle>Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology</seriestitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>1450</volume><spage>131</spage><epage>142</epage><pages>131-142</pages><issn>0065-2598</issn><eissn>2214-8019</eissn><isbn>3031568311</isbn><isbn>9783031568312</isbn><eisbn>9783031568329</eisbn><eisbn>303156832X</eisbn><abstract>Young obese are generally stronger than their typically developing counterparts. Strength differences could be partly ascribed to nervous adaptations, due to the loading effect of carrying overweight. We hypothesized that central adaptations of the muscles highly involved in weight bearing, i.e., plantar flexors (PF) and knee extensors (KE) could be greater in girls than boys due to their reduced potential for muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, it is possible that neuromuscular adaptations in weight-bearing muscles will be greater compared to the unloaded muscles such as the adductor pollicis (AP).
Twenty-four non-obese and 21 obese (body mass index: 33 ± 4 kg·m−2) adolescent girls and boys (12–15 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the PF and KE muscles. Voluntary activation (VA), assessed with the twitch interpolation technique, the antagonist co-activation (Co-Act) level, and the normalized root-mean-square value (RMS) of the agonist muscles were measured to account for central adaptations.
The results revealed a weight status effect (p < 0.001) on the absolute MVC torque and VA of both KE and PF muscles. Moreover, these differences were also related to the sex of the participants (p < 0.05) for the PF muscles. While the VA, absolute, and specific MVC torque were greater in obese compared with non-obese girls, no difference was found between boys. A similar Co-Act level was observed between groups, whatever the sex and muscle group considered. Finally, no significant differences were found for the AP regarding peripheral and neural factors.
This study highlighted a favorable effect of obesity on the central mechanisms (i.e., VA) responsible for force production within the lower limb muscles. However, obesity-related central adaptation was only observed in girls for the PF muscles. Thus, the excess of body mass supported by the muscles involved in weight-bearing could act as a chronic training stimulus responsible for these adaptations in obese adolescents but mostly in girls.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing AG</pub><pmid>37698778</pmid><doi>10.1007/5584_2023_783</doi><oclcid>1431047994</oclcid><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5747-0236</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-1610</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0065-2598 |
| ispartof | Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2024, Vol.1450, p.131-142 |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_springer_books_10_1007_5584_2023_783 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Books |
| subjects | Adolescence Adolescent Co-activation level Electromyography Female Humans Isometric Contraction - physiology Knee Knee Joint Life Sciences Male Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle Strength - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Obesity Skeletal muscle Strength Voluntary activation |
| title | Sex-Related Neuromuscular Adaptations to Youth Obesity: Force, Muscle Mass, and Neural Issues |
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