Review of rutting in flexible pavement

Safe and economical traffic is one of the important functions of flexible pavement, and with the continuity of traffic, and with the presence of failure caused represented by temperature, asphalt mixture properties, and the quality of the subgrade, permanent deformation (rutting) occurs. Rutting is longitudinal depression in the track of the tires, which causes many traffic problems. The research shows the definition of rutting, its causes and types, knowledge of the characteristics that need to be studied, the necessary laboratory experiments to avoid failure, And simulation methods to take advantage of the pavement design and reduce the time and effort to study this failure, as there is finite element method using simulation programs such as Abaqus to predict the occurrence of rutting according to the pavement characteristics. It aims to find the properties of the subgrade soil in easier ways and using equations based on previous scientific research by the dynamic cone penetration test, where it is easy to find the values of the California bearing ratio, elastic modulus, and density without resorting to laboratory tests.