Tribology properties of soybean oil bio-lubricant with calcium carbonate addives as an alternative cutting fluid

Dependence on lubricants that use non-renewable energy from natural minerals is a concern in terms of waste, alternative energy lubricants taken from plants are also more reliable, renewable and more sustainable than mineral lubricants. Nanobiolubricant is a newly engineered lubricant, made of nanoparticles suspended in vegetable oil. In this study, an experimental method was used, namely to analyze the effect of variations in the mass fraction of nanopowders of 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% in vegetable oil as an alternative cooling medium for cutting fluid. The basic ingredient of the biolubricant used is soybean oil, while the additive is calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanomaterial. The characterization carried out included X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) on CaCO3 powder from scallop shells. XRD results show a particle size of 35.48 nm. The SEM image shows the irregular shape of the particles. FTIR results show a peak at 2978 cm-1 indicating the presence of OH bonds, at a peak of 875.63 cm−1 to 1386.82 cm−1 associated with asymmetric C-O bonds, at 500–580 cm−1 indicating Ca–O bonds. using the Nano Homogenizer Machine and through the Sonitation process for the synthesis process. Density results increase in proportion to the addition of CaCO3 additive. The results of viscosity and density increased proportionally with the addition of CaCO3 nanoparticles. The use of the CaCO3 additive in the biolubricant showed that the best viscosity increase was obtained from the use of the CaCO3 mass variation, which was 0.15% compared to other variations which were known through the viscosity results. This study will provide an overview of how biolubricant additives can contribute to reducing material wear and friction that occurs in the cutting fluid.