Enhancing the lifespan of wireless sensor networks by PDBAC-LEACH protocol using clustering approach as an implementation strategy

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a core mechanism of the internet of things used in the army, robotics, agriculture, environment, etc. Wireless detection and monitoring applications require WSN energy systems and message transmission dependability. Many routing techniques based on clustering and hierarchical topology have been developed to increase WSN performance and optimize energy usage. Most routing protocols don’t consider all the metrics needed to extend network life. This work introduces Probability Density Based Adaptive-LEACH (PDBAC-LEACH), an enhanced algorithm of a LEACH protocol aimed to equalize the energy exhaustion of sensor nodes to maximize WSN longevity. The suggested methodology selects Cluster Heads (CHs) using sensor node residual energy. Only nodes with enough current could be chosen the CH. From then, it prioritizes current energies and distance to the Base Station (BS) to identify a root CH with higher present energy than average CH energy and a shorter average distance to the BS (base station). This parent CH contains root CH information, by using a multi-hop technique across CHs, the root clusters head CH collects and transmits compressed data to the BS. They were enhancing an algorithm in MATLAB R2016b. The model findings showed that the supplying protocol is better than LEACH Protocols used to extend network lifespan.