Mapping of used lithium-ion electric vehicle battery matrix transportation method in scattered areas to achieve a sustainable recycling production process

Electric vehicles (EVs) play an important role in sustainable mobility thanks to their efficient use of energy and zero emissions during use. The increase in the number of electric vehicles has resulted in the accumulation of used batteries in several scattered areas. The continuity of the Li-ion battery production process in an industry is determined by the continuous collection of Lithium-based materials. An industry located in Bekasi has been simulated using the matrix method so that used battery supplies can be obtained from several branch collection areas throughout Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi (JABODETABEK) with a minimum mileage with optimal continuity in form of an efficiency value of 67%.