Very Large Boron Trifluoride Proportional Counters
More than 50 very large BF3 counters, each approximately 6 ft (180 cm) long and 6 in. (15 cm) in diameter have been made for cosmic‐ray monitors. During the fabrication of these counters, the characteristics at varying gas pressures have been studied and the alpha backgrounds of the various metals u...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Review of scientific instruments 1963-07, Vol.34 (7), p.731-739 |
|---|---|
| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 739 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 7 |
| container_start_page | 731 |
| container_title | Review of scientific instruments |
| container_volume | 34 |
| creator | Fowler, I. L. |
| description | More than 50 very large BF3 counters, each approximately 6 ft (180 cm) long and 6 in. (15 cm) in diameter have been made for cosmic‐ray monitors. During the fabrication of these counters, the characteristics at varying gas pressures have been studied and the alpha backgrounds of the various metals used for cathodes have been determined. The counters have excellent characteristics at pressures up to 30 cm Hg and perfectly acceptable characteristics to 60 cm Hg pressure. With anode diameter 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) and gas amplification 35, the operating voltage for a filling of 20 cm Hg pressure of pure BF3 is 2800 V; at 30 cm Hg it is 3400 V. Counters with copper cathodes have backgrounds due to residual alpha contamination of about 2 counts/min, and with stainless steel cathodes, about 5 counts/min. Using a BF3–Ar filling a value of 6.30±0.05% has been obtained for the branching ratio of the B10(n,α)Li7 reaction. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1063/1.1718559 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>scitation_osti_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_scitation_primary_10_1063_1_1718559</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>rsi</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-55391bac05db40f1b513c99c6a30a620a3d71e287fdcc967e98bab3702a581b93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90EtLw0AUBeBBFKzVhf8guFNIvTeTeS211AcUdFHdDpPJRCM1U-6kQv-9DS26ELybu_k4cA5j5wgTBMmvcYIKtRDmgI0QtMmVLPghGwHwMpeq1MfsJKUP2J5AHLHiNdAmmzt6C9ltpNhlC2qb5TpSW4fsmeIqUt_Gzi2zaVx3faB0yo4at0zhbP_H7OVutpg-5POn-8fpzTz33ECfC8ENVs6DqKsSGqwEcm-Ml46DkwU4XisMhVZN7b2RKhhduYorKJzQWBk-Zhe73Jj61ibf9sG_-9h1wfe2lAqU0Ft0uUOeYkoUGrui9tPRxiLYYRGLdr_I1l7t7JDlhlY_-CvSL7SruvkP_03-BkgQbfY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Very Large Boron Trifluoride Proportional Counters</title><source>AIP Digital Archive</source><creator>Fowler, I. L.</creator><creatorcontrib>Fowler, I. L. ; Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ont</creatorcontrib><description>More than 50 very large BF3 counters, each approximately 6 ft (180 cm) long and 6 in. (15 cm) in diameter have been made for cosmic‐ray monitors. During the fabrication of these counters, the characteristics at varying gas pressures have been studied and the alpha backgrounds of the various metals used for cathodes have been determined. The counters have excellent characteristics at pressures up to 30 cm Hg and perfectly acceptable characteristics to 60 cm Hg pressure. With anode diameter 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) and gas amplification 35, the operating voltage for a filling of 20 cm Hg pressure of pure BF3 is 2800 V; at 30 cm Hg it is 3400 V. Counters with copper cathodes have backgrounds due to residual alpha contamination of about 2 counts/min, and with stainless steel cathodes, about 5 counts/min. Using a BF3–Ar filling a value of 6.30±0.05% has been obtained for the branching ratio of the B10(n,α)Li7 reaction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-6748</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7623</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.1718559</identifier><identifier>CODEN: RSINAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>American Institute of Physics (AIP)</publisher><subject>ALPHA PARTICLES ; ANODES ; ARGON ; ATOMIC MODELS ; BACKGROUND ; BERYLLIUM 10 ; BORON 10 ; BORON FLUORIDES ; CAPTURE ; CATHODES ; CONTAMINATION ; COPPER ; COSMIC RADIATION ; CROSS SECTIONS ; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ; ELECTRONS ; ENERGY ; ENERGY LEVELS ; ENERGY RANGE ; EXCITATION ; FABRICATION ; FREQUENCY ; GASES ; HELIUM ; HYDROGEN ; INSTRUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION ; INTERACTIONS ; IONS ; LIGHT ; LITHIUM 6 ; LITHIUM 7 ; MEASURED VALUES ; MONITORING ; NEON ; NEUTRON BEAMS ; NEUTRONS ; NUCLEAR REACTIONS ; OPERATION ; POLARIZATION ; PRESSURE ; PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS ; PROTONS ; SCATTERING ; SPECTRA ; STAINLESS STEELS ; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION</subject><ispartof>Review of scientific instruments, 1963-07, Vol.34 (7), p.731-739</ispartof><rights>The American Institute of Physics</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-55391bac05db40f1b513c99c6a30a620a3d71e287fdcc967e98bab3702a581b93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-55391bac05db40f1b513c99c6a30a620a3d71e287fdcc967e98bab3702a581b93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.aip.org/rsi/article-lookup/doi/10.1063/1.1718559$$EHTML$$P50$$Gscitation$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1553,27903,27904,76137</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/4670758$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fowler, I. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ont</creatorcontrib><title>Very Large Boron Trifluoride Proportional Counters</title><title>Review of scientific instruments</title><description>More than 50 very large BF3 counters, each approximately 6 ft (180 cm) long and 6 in. (15 cm) in diameter have been made for cosmic‐ray monitors. During the fabrication of these counters, the characteristics at varying gas pressures have been studied and the alpha backgrounds of the various metals used for cathodes have been determined. The counters have excellent characteristics at pressures up to 30 cm Hg and perfectly acceptable characteristics to 60 cm Hg pressure. With anode diameter 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) and gas amplification 35, the operating voltage for a filling of 20 cm Hg pressure of pure BF3 is 2800 V; at 30 cm Hg it is 3400 V. Counters with copper cathodes have backgrounds due to residual alpha contamination of about 2 counts/min, and with stainless steel cathodes, about 5 counts/min. Using a BF3–Ar filling a value of 6.30±0.05% has been obtained for the branching ratio of the B10(n,α)Li7 reaction.</description><subject>ALPHA PARTICLES</subject><subject>ANODES</subject><subject>ARGON</subject><subject>ATOMIC MODELS</subject><subject>BACKGROUND</subject><subject>BERYLLIUM 10</subject><subject>BORON 10</subject><subject>BORON FLUORIDES</subject><subject>CAPTURE</subject><subject>CATHODES</subject><subject>CONTAMINATION</subject><subject>COPPER</subject><subject>COSMIC RADIATION</subject><subject>CROSS SECTIONS</subject><subject>ELECTRIC POTENTIAL</subject><subject>ELECTRONS</subject><subject>ENERGY</subject><subject>ENERGY LEVELS</subject><subject>ENERGY RANGE</subject><subject>EXCITATION</subject><subject>FABRICATION</subject><subject>FREQUENCY</subject><subject>GASES</subject><subject>HELIUM</subject><subject>HYDROGEN</subject><subject>INSTRUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION</subject><subject>INTERACTIONS</subject><subject>IONS</subject><subject>LIGHT</subject><subject>LITHIUM 6</subject><subject>LITHIUM 7</subject><subject>MEASURED VALUES</subject><subject>MONITORING</subject><subject>NEON</subject><subject>NEUTRON BEAMS</subject><subject>NEUTRONS</subject><subject>NUCLEAR REACTIONS</subject><subject>OPERATION</subject><subject>POLARIZATION</subject><subject>PRESSURE</subject><subject>PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS</subject><subject>PROTONS</subject><subject>SCATTERING</subject><subject>SPECTRA</subject><subject>STAINLESS STEELS</subject><subject>ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION</subject><issn>0034-6748</issn><issn>1089-7623</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1963</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90EtLw0AUBeBBFKzVhf8guFNIvTeTeS211AcUdFHdDpPJRCM1U-6kQv-9DS26ELybu_k4cA5j5wgTBMmvcYIKtRDmgI0QtMmVLPghGwHwMpeq1MfsJKUP2J5AHLHiNdAmmzt6C9ltpNhlC2qb5TpSW4fsmeIqUt_Gzi2zaVx3faB0yo4at0zhbP_H7OVutpg-5POn-8fpzTz33ECfC8ENVs6DqKsSGqwEcm-Ml46DkwU4XisMhVZN7b2RKhhduYorKJzQWBk-Zhe73Jj61ibf9sG_-9h1wfe2lAqU0Ft0uUOeYkoUGrui9tPRxiLYYRGLdr_I1l7t7JDlhlY_-CvSL7SruvkP_03-BkgQbfY</recordid><startdate>196307</startdate><enddate>196307</enddate><creator>Fowler, I. L.</creator><general>American Institute of Physics (AIP)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>196307</creationdate><title>Very Large Boron Trifluoride Proportional Counters</title><author>Fowler, I. L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-55391bac05db40f1b513c99c6a30a620a3d71e287fdcc967e98bab3702a581b93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1963</creationdate><topic>ALPHA PARTICLES</topic><topic>ANODES</topic><topic>ARGON</topic><topic>ATOMIC MODELS</topic><topic>BACKGROUND</topic><topic>BERYLLIUM 10</topic><topic>BORON 10</topic><topic>BORON FLUORIDES</topic><topic>CAPTURE</topic><topic>CATHODES</topic><topic>CONTAMINATION</topic><topic>COPPER</topic><topic>COSMIC RADIATION</topic><topic>CROSS SECTIONS</topic><topic>ELECTRIC POTENTIAL</topic><topic>ELECTRONS</topic><topic>ENERGY</topic><topic>ENERGY LEVELS</topic><topic>ENERGY RANGE</topic><topic>EXCITATION</topic><topic>FABRICATION</topic><topic>FREQUENCY</topic><topic>GASES</topic><topic>HELIUM</topic><topic>HYDROGEN</topic><topic>INSTRUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION</topic><topic>INTERACTIONS</topic><topic>IONS</topic><topic>LIGHT</topic><topic>LITHIUM 6</topic><topic>LITHIUM 7</topic><topic>MEASURED VALUES</topic><topic>MONITORING</topic><topic>NEON</topic><topic>NEUTRON BEAMS</topic><topic>NEUTRONS</topic><topic>NUCLEAR REACTIONS</topic><topic>OPERATION</topic><topic>POLARIZATION</topic><topic>PRESSURE</topic><topic>PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS</topic><topic>PROTONS</topic><topic>SCATTERING</topic><topic>SPECTRA</topic><topic>STAINLESS STEELS</topic><topic>ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fowler, I. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ont</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Review of scientific instruments</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fowler, I. L.</au><aucorp>Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, Ont</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Very Large Boron Trifluoride Proportional Counters</atitle><jtitle>Review of scientific instruments</jtitle><date>1963-07</date><risdate>1963</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>731</spage><epage>739</epage><pages>731-739</pages><issn>0034-6748</issn><eissn>1089-7623</eissn><coden>RSINAK</coden><abstract>More than 50 very large BF3 counters, each approximately 6 ft (180 cm) long and 6 in. (15 cm) in diameter have been made for cosmic‐ray monitors. During the fabrication of these counters, the characteristics at varying gas pressures have been studied and the alpha backgrounds of the various metals used for cathodes have been determined. The counters have excellent characteristics at pressures up to 30 cm Hg and perfectly acceptable characteristics to 60 cm Hg pressure. With anode diameter 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) and gas amplification 35, the operating voltage for a filling of 20 cm Hg pressure of pure BF3 is 2800 V; at 30 cm Hg it is 3400 V. Counters with copper cathodes have backgrounds due to residual alpha contamination of about 2 counts/min, and with stainless steel cathodes, about 5 counts/min. Using a BF3–Ar filling a value of 6.30±0.05% has been obtained for the branching ratio of the B10(n,α)Li7 reaction.</abstract><pub>American Institute of Physics (AIP)</pub><doi>10.1063/1.1718559</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0034-6748 |
| ispartof | Review of scientific instruments, 1963-07, Vol.34 (7), p.731-739 |
| issn | 0034-6748 1089-7623 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_scitation_primary_10_1063_1_1718559 |
| source | AIP Digital Archive |
| subjects | ALPHA PARTICLES ANODES ARGON ATOMIC MODELS BACKGROUND BERYLLIUM 10 BORON 10 BORON FLUORIDES CAPTURE CATHODES CONTAMINATION COPPER COSMIC RADIATION CROSS SECTIONS ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ELECTRONS ENERGY ENERGY LEVELS ENERGY RANGE EXCITATION FABRICATION FREQUENCY GASES HELIUM HYDROGEN INSTRUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION INTERACTIONS IONS LIGHT LITHIUM 6 LITHIUM 7 MEASURED VALUES MONITORING NEON NEUTRON BEAMS NEUTRONS NUCLEAR REACTIONS OPERATION POLARIZATION PRESSURE PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS PROTONS SCATTERING SPECTRA STAINLESS STEELS ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION |
| title | Very Large Boron Trifluoride Proportional Counters |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-23T09%3A40%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-scitation_osti_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Very%20Large%20Boron%20Trifluoride%20Proportional%20Counters&rft.jtitle=Review%20of%20scientific%20instruments&rft.au=Fowler,%20I.%20L.&rft.aucorp=Atomic%20Energy%20of%20Canada%20Ltd.,%20Chalk%20River,%20Ont&rft.date=1963-07&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=731&rft.epage=739&rft.pages=731-739&rft.issn=0034-6748&rft.eissn=1089-7623&rft.coden=RSINAK&rft_id=info:doi/10.1063/1.1718559&rft_dat=%3Cscitation_osti_%3Ersi%3C/scitation_osti_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |